湖北省土壤微量元素县域分异特征及其与健康相关性
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摘要
土壤微量元素与人体健康息息相关.以土壤普查和人口普查数据为基础,运用GIS空间分析及SPSS数理统计方法,对湖北省县域尺度上土壤有效态微量元素空间分异特征进行分析,并对微量元素与人口健康相关性进行探讨.结论如下:1)县域尺度上Zn、B、Mo、Mn、Fe、Cu 6种土壤微量元素分布均存在明显空间聚集特征,B元素的Morans I值最大,其空间聚集性相对最好,Zn元素的Morans I值最小,空间聚集性相对最差;空间分布模式中以高值聚类(HH)所占比例最高,同时正热点区域比例均高于负热点区域,不同微量元素之间的正、负热点区域空间分布存在某些一致现象.2)县域尺度上人口健康水平分布存在明显的空间聚集特征,并非在整个区域内随机散发分布,长寿指数的集聚性要略高于死亡率,表明县域尺度上湖北省长寿人口分布相对较集中;长寿指数和死亡率的空间分布模式差异较大,同时发生高值或低值聚集的县域个数和空间位置呈现出不同分布特征.3)Mo和Cu两种元素与人口健康指标相关性达到显著性水平,表明其在一定程度上影响着区域人口健康状况;适量的Zn和Mn元素是已被证明有益于人体健康的微量元素,但在本次研究的县域尺度上进行相关性分析时,没有通过显著性检验.研究有利于深入认识土壤微量元素空间分异特征,为进一步开展土壤环境与人口健康的机理研究提供借鉴.
Soil trace elements are closely related to human health.Based on the data of soil census and population census,the spatial differentiation of soil available trace elements on the county scale of Hubei Province was analyzed by using spatial analysis of GIS and mathematical statistics of SPSS,and the correlation between trace elements and human health was discussed.The results are as follows.1)There are significant spatial aggregation characteristics of soil trace elements including Zn,B,Mo,Mn,Fe and Cu on the county scale,and there is a difference in the degree of aggregation.The Moran's Ivalue of the B element is the largest and the spatial clustering property is the best,while that of Zn element is the smallest and the spatial aggregation is the worst.The proportion of high value clustering(HH)in the spatial distribution pattern of soil trace elements is the highest,especially the B element.The proportion of hot spots in the distribution of trace elements is higher than that in the negative hotspots,and there are some similarities in the positive and negative hotspots between different trace elements in space.2)There are significant spatial aggregation characters in the distribution of population health on the county scale of Hubei Province,which are not distributed randomly in the whole area.At the same time,the spatial aggregation characteristic of the longevity index is slightly higher than the mortality rate,indicating that longevity population distribution is relatively concentrated on the county scale of Hubei Province.3)The correlation of Mo and Cu with the selected population health index on the county scale was significant,indicating that it affected the regional population health to a certain extent.Although Zn and Mn are trace elements that have been demonstrated to be beneficial to human health,the correlation between longevity index and mortality rate is not significant on the county scale in this study.This work is helpful to understand the spatial heterogeneity of soil trace elements and provide reference for further research on soil environment and population health.
Soil trace elements are closely related to human health.Based on the data of soil census and population census,the spatial differentiation of soil available trace elements on the county scale of Hubei Province was analyzed by using spatial analysis of GIS and mathematical statistics of SPSS,and the correlation between trace elements and human health was discussed.The results are as follows.1)There are significant spatial aggregation characteristics of soil trace elements including Zn,B,Mo,Mn,Fe and Cu on the county scale,and there is a difference in the degree of aggregation.The Moran's Ivalue of the B element is the largest and the spatial clustering property is the best,while that of Zn element is the smallest and the spatial aggregation is the worst.The proportion of high value clustering(HH)in the spatial distribution pattern of soil trace elements is the highest,especially the B element.The proportion of hot spots in the distribution of trace elements is higher than that in the negative hotspots,and there are some similarities in the positive and negative hotspots between different trace elements in space.2)There are significant spatial aggregation characters in the distribution of population health on the county scale of Hubei Province,which are not distributed randomly in the whole area.At the same time,the spatial aggregation characteristic of the longevity index is slightly higher than the mortality rate,indicating that longevity population distribution is relatively concentrated on the county scale of Hubei Province.3)The correlation of Mo and Cu with the selected population health index on the county scale was significant,indicating that it affected the regional population health to a certain extent.Although Zn and Mn are trace elements that have been demonstrated to be beneficial to human health,the correlation between longevity index and mortality rate is not significant on the county scale in this study.This work is helpful to understand the spatial heterogeneity of soil trace elements and provide reference for further research on soil environment and population health.
引文
[1]杨林生,王五一,谭见安,等.环境地理与人类健康研究成果与展望[J].地理研究,2010,29(9):1571-1583.YANG L S,WANG W Y,TAN J A,et al.Progress of medical geography and environmental health studies[J].2010,29(9):1571-1583.(Ch).
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[3]龚胜生,丁明磊.人类健康可持续发展:要素与功能、需求与限制[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,39(4):545-549.GONG S S,DING M L.Sustainability of human health:itsfactors and functions,needs and restricts[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Nature Sciences),2005,39(4):545-549.(Ch).
[4] POULAIN M,PES G M,GRASLAND C,et al.Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island:the AKEA study[J].Experimental Gerontology,2004,39(9):1423-1429.
[5] OLIVER M A.Soil and human health:a review[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1997,48(4):573–592.
[6]张宝军,杨林生,王五一,等.大骨节病区土壤元素的分布特征及其与病情的关系——以四川省壤塘县为例[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):230-237.ZHANG B J,YANG L S,WANG W Y,et al.Distribution of soil elements and its relationship with kaschin-beck disease in kbd Afflicted Regions——a case study of Rangtang County,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(2):230-237.(Ch).
[7]李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.提高食物链硒通量防治大骨节病和克山病示范研究[J].地理学报,1999,54(2):158-164.LI R B,TAN J A,WANG W Y,et al.Study on increasing selenium flux in food chain to control Kaschin beck disease and Keshan disease[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1999,54(2):158-164.(Ch).
[8] YANG X E,CHEN W R,FENG Y.Improving human micronutrient nutrition through biofortification in the soil-plant system:China as a case study[J].Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2007,29(5):413-28.
[9]赵雪雁,王伟军,万文玉.中国居民健康水平的区域差异:2003-2013[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):685-698.ZHAO X Y,WANG W J,WAN W Y.Regional inequalities of residents'health level in China:2003-2013[J].Acta Geographic Sinca,2017,72(4):685-698.(Ch).
[10]杨振,刘会敏,王晓霞.中国人口健康分布的时空变化与影响因素[J].世界地理研究,2017,26(2):161-168.YANG Z,LIU H M,WANG X X.Spatio-temproal variations of population health distribution in China and its influencing factors[J].World Regional Studies,2017,26(2):161-168.(Ch).
[11]程明梅,杨朦子.城镇化对中国居民健康状况的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,2015,25(7):89-96.CHENG M M,YANG M Z.Impact of urbanization on the health of Chinese residents:An empirical study based on the provincial panel data[J].China Population,Resource and Environment,2015,25(7):89-96.(Ch).
[12] LIU G,WU D X,PENG C Y.Urbanization and Health Care in Rural China[J].Contemporary Economic Policy,2003,21(1):11-24.
[13]李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.山东省长清县长寿村的生态环境特征[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(4):360-367.LI R B,TAN J A,WANG W Y,et al.The ecological environment characteristics of longevity villages in Changqing County,Shandong Province[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(4):360-367.(Ch).
[14]龚胜生,葛履龙,张涛.湖北省百岁人口分布与长寿区自然环境背景[J].热带地理,2016,36(5):727-735.GONG S S,GE L L,ZHANG T.Geographic distribution of centenarians and environmental backgrounds of longevity regions in Hubei Province[J].Tropical Geography,2016,36(5):727-735.(Ch).
[15]潘根兴,成杰民,高建琴,等.江苏吴县土壤环境中某些重金属元素的变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2000,9(1):52-56.PAN G X,CHENG J M,GAO J Q,et al.On the change of status of some heavy metal elements in soil environment under intensive economical development[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2000,9(1):52-56.(Ch).
[16]杨荣清,黄标,孙维侠,等.江苏省如皋市长寿人口分布区土壤及其微量元素特征[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):753-760.YANG R Q,HUANG B,SUN W X,et al.Soil and trace elements in the distribution area of longevous people in Rugao County of Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):753-760.(Ch).
[17]邹晓燕,李永华,杨林生,等.河南夏邑县长寿现象与土壤环境的关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1415-1421.ZOU X Y,LI Y H,YANG L S,et al.Relationship between longevity and soil environment in Xiayi County,Henan Province,China[J].Environment Science,2011,32(5):1415-1421.(Ch).
[18]马婧婧,曾菊新.中国乡村长寿现象与人居环境研究——以湖北钟祥为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):450-460.MA J J,ZENG J X.Study on the longevity phenomena and human settlements in rural China:Taking Zhongxiang City as an example[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(3):450-460.(Ch).
[19]谢振翅,马朝红,胡定金,等.湖北省土壤微量元素含量分布研究[J].土壤学报,1990,27(4):411-419.XIE Z C,MA C H,HU D J,et al.Studies on content and distribution of micronutrients in soils of Hubei Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1990,27(4):411-419.(Ch).
[20]王宏志,潘方杰,周勇,等.异质景观条件下江汉平原土壤的空间分异[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5682-5690.WANG H Z,PAN F J,ZHOU Y,et al.The spatial differentiation of soil in heterogeneous landscapes of the Jianghan Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5682-5690.(Ch).
[21]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北省土壤普查办公室编著.湖北省土种志[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2015.Hubei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station and Hubei Provincial Soil Survey Office.Soil Types of Hubei Province[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press.2015.(Ch).
[22]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北省土壤普查办公室编著.湖北土壤[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2015.Hubei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station and Hubei Provincial Soil Survey Office.Soil in Hubei Province[M].Wu-han:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2015.(Ch).
[23]湖北省人口普查办公室,湖北省统计局.湖北省2010年人口普查资料[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.Census Office of Hubei Province,Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Tabulation on the 2010population census of Hubei Province[M].Beijing:Statistical Press,2012.(Ch).
[24]宋鸿,陈晓玲.中国土地市场化进程的空间自相关分析[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,42(1):132-135,140.SONG H,CHEN X L.Spatial Autocorrelation analysis of provincial land marketization in mainland China[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Nature Sciences),2008,42(1):132-135,140.(Ch).
[25]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.WANG J F,LIAO Y L,LIU X.Tutorial of spatial data analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.(Ch).
[26] ANSELIN L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[27] ORD J K,GETIS A.Local spatial autocorrelation statistics:distributional issues and an application[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(3):286-306.
[28]杨克敌.微量元素与健康[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.YANG K D.Trace elements and health[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(Ch).
[2]谭见安.地球环境与健康[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.TAN J A.Earth's environment and health[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2004.(Ch).
[3]龚胜生,丁明磊.人类健康可持续发展:要素与功能、需求与限制[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,39(4):545-549.GONG S S,DING M L.Sustainability of human health:itsfactors and functions,needs and restricts[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Nature Sciences),2005,39(4):545-549.(Ch).
[4] POULAIN M,PES G M,GRASLAND C,et al.Identification of a geographic area characterized by extreme longevity in the Sardinia island:the AKEA study[J].Experimental Gerontology,2004,39(9):1423-1429.
[5] OLIVER M A.Soil and human health:a review[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1997,48(4):573–592.
[6]张宝军,杨林生,王五一,等.大骨节病区土壤元素的分布特征及其与病情的关系——以四川省壤塘县为例[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):230-237.ZHANG B J,YANG L S,WANG W Y,et al.Distribution of soil elements and its relationship with kaschin-beck disease in kbd Afflicted Regions——a case study of Rangtang County,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(2):230-237.(Ch).
[7]李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.提高食物链硒通量防治大骨节病和克山病示范研究[J].地理学报,1999,54(2):158-164.LI R B,TAN J A,WANG W Y,et al.Study on increasing selenium flux in food chain to control Kaschin beck disease and Keshan disease[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1999,54(2):158-164.(Ch).
[8] YANG X E,CHEN W R,FENG Y.Improving human micronutrient nutrition through biofortification in the soil-plant system:China as a case study[J].Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2007,29(5):413-28.
[9]赵雪雁,王伟军,万文玉.中国居民健康水平的区域差异:2003-2013[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):685-698.ZHAO X Y,WANG W J,WAN W Y.Regional inequalities of residents'health level in China:2003-2013[J].Acta Geographic Sinca,2017,72(4):685-698.(Ch).
[10]杨振,刘会敏,王晓霞.中国人口健康分布的时空变化与影响因素[J].世界地理研究,2017,26(2):161-168.YANG Z,LIU H M,WANG X X.Spatio-temproal variations of population health distribution in China and its influencing factors[J].World Regional Studies,2017,26(2):161-168.(Ch).
[11]程明梅,杨朦子.城镇化对中国居民健康状况的影响——基于省级面板数据的实证分析[J].中国人口资源与环境,2015,25(7):89-96.CHENG M M,YANG M Z.Impact of urbanization on the health of Chinese residents:An empirical study based on the provincial panel data[J].China Population,Resource and Environment,2015,25(7):89-96.(Ch).
[12] LIU G,WU D X,PENG C Y.Urbanization and Health Care in Rural China[J].Contemporary Economic Policy,2003,21(1):11-24.
[13]李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.山东省长清县长寿村的生态环境特征[J].地理科学进展,1999,18(4):360-367.LI R B,TAN J A,WANG W Y,et al.The ecological environment characteristics of longevity villages in Changqing County,Shandong Province[J].Progress in Geography,1999,18(4):360-367.(Ch).
[14]龚胜生,葛履龙,张涛.湖北省百岁人口分布与长寿区自然环境背景[J].热带地理,2016,36(5):727-735.GONG S S,GE L L,ZHANG T.Geographic distribution of centenarians and environmental backgrounds of longevity regions in Hubei Province[J].Tropical Geography,2016,36(5):727-735.(Ch).
[15]潘根兴,成杰民,高建琴,等.江苏吴县土壤环境中某些重金属元素的变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,2000,9(1):52-56.PAN G X,CHENG J M,GAO J Q,et al.On the change of status of some heavy metal elements in soil environment under intensive economical development[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2000,9(1):52-56.(Ch).
[16]杨荣清,黄标,孙维侠,等.江苏省如皋市长寿人口分布区土壤及其微量元素特征[J].土壤学报,2005,42(5):753-760.YANG R Q,HUANG B,SUN W X,et al.Soil and trace elements in the distribution area of longevous people in Rugao County of Jiangsu Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005,42(5):753-760.(Ch).
[17]邹晓燕,李永华,杨林生,等.河南夏邑县长寿现象与土壤环境的关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1415-1421.ZOU X Y,LI Y H,YANG L S,et al.Relationship between longevity and soil environment in Xiayi County,Henan Province,China[J].Environment Science,2011,32(5):1415-1421.(Ch).
[18]马婧婧,曾菊新.中国乡村长寿现象与人居环境研究——以湖北钟祥为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):450-460.MA J J,ZENG J X.Study on the longevity phenomena and human settlements in rural China:Taking Zhongxiang City as an example[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(3):450-460.(Ch).
[19]谢振翅,马朝红,胡定金,等.湖北省土壤微量元素含量分布研究[J].土壤学报,1990,27(4):411-419.XIE Z C,MA C H,HU D J,et al.Studies on content and distribution of micronutrients in soils of Hubei Province[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1990,27(4):411-419.(Ch).
[20]王宏志,潘方杰,周勇,等.异质景观条件下江汉平原土壤的空间分异[J].生态学报,2016,36(18):5682-5690.WANG H Z,PAN F J,ZHOU Y,et al.The spatial differentiation of soil in heterogeneous landscapes of the Jianghan Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(18):5682-5690.(Ch).
[21]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北省土壤普查办公室编著.湖北省土种志[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2015.Hubei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station and Hubei Provincial Soil Survey Office.Soil Types of Hubei Province[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press.2015.(Ch).
[22]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北省土壤普查办公室编著.湖北土壤[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2015.Hubei Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Station and Hubei Provincial Soil Survey Office.Soil in Hubei Province[M].Wu-han:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2015.(Ch).
[23]湖北省人口普查办公室,湖北省统计局.湖北省2010年人口普查资料[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2012.Census Office of Hubei Province,Hubei Provincial Bureau of Statistics.Tabulation on the 2010population census of Hubei Province[M].Beijing:Statistical Press,2012.(Ch).
[24]宋鸿,陈晓玲.中国土地市场化进程的空间自相关分析[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,42(1):132-135,140.SONG H,CHEN X L.Spatial Autocorrelation analysis of provincial land marketization in mainland China[J].Journal of Central China Normal University(Nature Sciences),2008,42(1):132-135,140.(Ch).
[25]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.WANG J F,LIAO Y L,LIU X.Tutorial of spatial data analysis[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.(Ch).
[26] ANSELIN L.Local indicators of spatial association-LISA[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(2):93-115.
[27] ORD J K,GETIS A.Local spatial autocorrelation statistics:distributional issues and an application[J].Geographical Analysis,1995,27(3):286-306.
[28]杨克敌.微量元素与健康[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.YANG K D.Trace elements and health[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(Ch).