贵州草海不同水位梯度下沉积物氮赋存形态及分布特征
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摘要
利用分级浸取分离法,分析贵州草海湿地沉积物总氮(TN)与可转化态氮(TF-N)含量及分布特征,试图揭示水位抬升对草海湿地沉积物氮潜在释放风险的影响.结果表明,草海湿地沉积物TN含量在1.94～14.07 g/kg之间,均值为7.76 g/kg; TF-N含量较高,在1.70～7.59 g/kg之间,占TN的68.7%;不同形态氮含量依次为有机态及硫化物结合态氮(OSF-N)>离子交换态氮(IEF-N)>铁锰氧化态氮(IMOF-N)>弱酸可浸取态氮(WAEF-N);不同水位梯度下各形态氮含量变化规律不同,OSF-N、IMOF-N含量沿着水位升高呈逐渐增加趋势,IEF-N含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,WAEF-N含量变化不大; TN和总非可转化态氮(NTF-N)与有机质(SOM)含量之间呈显著正相关,可能具有相似的来源.总之,草海沉积物TF-N含量及比例较高,潜在释放风险较大,而水位抬升抑制氮的转化,促进沉积物氮积累,增加释放风险.该研究揭示了不同水位梯度下沉积物氮形态分布特征,丰富了水文条件对氮迁移转化影响的理解,为湿地生态补水工程的管理决策提供了科学依据.
Lake Caohai situated in Guizhou Province is a plateau lake. The contents and distribution characteristics of total nitrogen( TN) and transferable nitrogen( TF-N) in sediments of Lake Caohai wetland were analyzed by using the method of fractional leaching and separation,and the effect of water level uplift on the potential nitrogen release risk of sediments was revealed. The results showed that the TN content in sediments ranged from 1.94 to 14.07 g/kg,with an average of 7.76 g/kg. The content of TF-N was relatively higher( between 1.70 and 7.59 g/kg),accounting for 68.7% of TN. Nitrogen content of transformable nitrogen in different forms was organic matter-sulfide form nitrogen( OSF-N) > ion-extractable form nitrogen( IEF-N) > iron-manganese oxides form nitrogen( IMOF-N) > weak acid extractable form nitrogen( WAEF-N). Under different water level,the changeable regulation of transformable nitrogen content of each form was different. OSF-N and IMOF-N increased gradually along the water level,while IEF-N first increased and then decreased. WAEF-N did not change much. There was a significant positive correlation between TN and non-transferable nitrogen( NTF-N) and soil organic matter( SOM),which may have similar sources. Shortly,Lake Caohai sediments have higher levels of transformable nitrogen and higher risk of potential release,while elevated water levels increase the risk of nitrogen release. The study reveals the nitrogen distribution characteristics of sediments under different water level,enriches the understanding of the impact of hydrological conditions on the migration and transformation of nitrogen,and provides a scientific basis for management decision of wetland ecological replenishment projects.
Lake Caohai situated in Guizhou Province is a plateau lake. The contents and distribution characteristics of total nitrogen( TN) and transferable nitrogen( TF-N) in sediments of Lake Caohai wetland were analyzed by using the method of fractional leaching and separation,and the effect of water level uplift on the potential nitrogen release risk of sediments was revealed. The results showed that the TN content in sediments ranged from 1.94 to 14.07 g/kg,with an average of 7.76 g/kg. The content of TF-N was relatively higher( between 1.70 and 7.59 g/kg),accounting for 68.7% of TN. Nitrogen content of transformable nitrogen in different forms was organic matter-sulfide form nitrogen( OSF-N) > ion-extractable form nitrogen( IEF-N) > iron-manganese oxides form nitrogen( IMOF-N) > weak acid extractable form nitrogen( WAEF-N). Under different water level,the changeable regulation of transformable nitrogen content of each form was different. OSF-N and IMOF-N increased gradually along the water level,while IEF-N first increased and then decreased. WAEF-N did not change much. There was a significant positive correlation between TN and non-transferable nitrogen( NTF-N) and soil organic matter( SOM),which may have similar sources. Shortly,Lake Caohai sediments have higher levels of transformable nitrogen and higher risk of potential release,while elevated water levels increase the risk of nitrogen release. The study reveals the nitrogen distribution characteristics of sediments under different water level,enriches the understanding of the impact of hydrological conditions on the migration and transformation of nitrogen,and provides a scientific basis for management decision of wetland ecological replenishment projects.
引文
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[26]Shen HY,Zhang MM,Ni ZK et al.Distribution of transferable nitrogen in poyang lake sediments and its response to the variation of river-lake relationship.Environmental Science,2015,35(1):87-93.[沈洪艳,张绵绵,倪兆奎等.鄱阳湖沉积物可转化态氮分布特征及其对江湖关系变化的响应.环境科学,2015,35(1):87-93.]
[27]Jin ZF,Gong JL,Shi YL et al.Nitrate source identification and nitrification-denitrification at the sediment-water interface.Environmental Science,2017,38(4):1423-1430.[金赞芳,龚嘉临,施伊丽等.沉积物-水界面氮的源解析和硝化反硝化.环境科学,2017,38(4):1423-1430.]
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[2]Liu B,Zhou F,Wang GX et al.Research progress on forms of nitrogen and determination in the sediments.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(22):6947-6958.[刘波,周锋,王国祥等.沉积物氮形态与测定方法研究进展.生态学报,2011,31(22):6947-6958.]
[3]Lü XX,Song JM,Yuan HM et al.The potential ecological roles of nitrogen in the surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(8):1635-1642.[吕晓霞,宋金明,袁华茂等.南黄海表层沉积物中氮的潜在生态学功能.生态学报,2004,24(8):1635-1642.]
[4]Han H,Lu X,Burger DF et al.Nitrogen dynamics at the sediment-water interface in a tropical reservoir.Ecological Engineering,2014,73:146-153.
[5]Ni Z,Wang S.Historical accumulation and environmental risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Erhai Lake,Southwest China.Ecological Engineering,2015,79:42-53.
[6]Wang SH,Jiang X,Zhong LX et al.Seasonal occurrence characteristics of different forms of nitrogen in the sediments of Chaohu Lake.Environmental Science,2010,31(4):946-953.[王书航,姜霞,钟立香等.巢湖沉积物不同形态氮季节性赋存特征.环境科学,2010,31(4):946-953.]
[7]Wang SR,Jiao LX,Jin XC et al.Distribution of total,exchangeable and fixed nitrogen in the sediments from shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(1):37-43.[王圣瑞,焦立新,金相灿等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、可交换态氮与固定态铵的赋存特征.环境科学学报,2008,28(1):37-43.]
[8]Zhang L,Qin YW,Zheng BH et al.Nitrogen forms and its distribution character in immerged and water-level-fluctuating zone soils of the backwater reach from input river of Three Gorges Reservoir.Environmental Science,2009,30(10):2884-2890.[张雷,秦延文,郑丙辉等.三峡入库河流大宁河回水区浸没土壤及消落带土壤氮形态及分布特征.环境科学,2009,30(10):2884-2890.]
[9]Wang WW,Wang SH,Jiang X et al.Occurrence characteristics and release risk of nitrogen fractions in sediments of Dongting Lake.Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(6):598-605.[王雯雯,王书航,姜霞等.洞庭湖沉积物不同形态氮赋存特征及其释放风险.环境科学研究,2013,26(6):598-605.]
[10]Zhao L,Jiang X,Wang WW et al.Occurrence characteristics and bio-availability of nitrogen fractions in sediments of Danjiangkou Reservoir.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(4):630-637.[赵丽,姜霞,王雯雯等.丹江口水库表层沉积物不同形态氮的赋存特征及其生物有效性.长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(4):630-637.]
[11]Wang WW,Wang SH,Jiang X et al.Occurrence characteristics and release potential of nitrogen fractions in sediment of Lihu Lake.Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2017,37(1):292-301.[王雯雯,王书航,姜霞等.蠡湖沉积物不同形态氮赋存特征及其释放潜力.中国环境科学,2017,37(1):292-301.]
[12]Wang YL,Hu YY,Yang CM et al.Transferable nitrogen forms in sediment from Nanfei River and its impacts on overlaying water quality.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(9):5057-5064.[王育来,胡芸芸,杨长明等.南淝河沉积物可转化态氮赋存形态及其对上覆水水质的影响.环境工程学报,2017,11(9):5057-5064.]
[13]Peng YS,Yang RD.Environmental change of Caohai Lake,Guizhou Province from 730 ka to present and future evolution.Journal of Earth Environment,2014,5(3):194-206.[彭益书,杨瑞东.贵州草海湿地730 ka来的环境变迁及草海未来的演化分析.地球环境学报,2014,5(3):194-206.]
[14]Ouyang Y,Lin CH,He TB et al.Study on phytoremediation of eutrophication in Caohai Lake of Guizhou.Guizhou Science,2011,29(6):21-25.[欧阳勇,林昌虎,何腾兵等.贵州草海水体富营养化的植物修复研究.贵州科学,2011,29(6):21-25.]
[15]Ran JC,Li GP,Miao QL et al.Grass lake plateau lake wetlands on the roof of Guizhou Province.China Weekly,2017,(2):56-61.[冉景丞,李贵平,苗麒麟等.草海贵州屋脊上的高原湖泊湿地.中国周刊,2017,(2):56-61.]
[16]Wetzel RG.Limonology:Lake and river ecosystem.New York:Elsevier,2001.
[17]Xia PH,Lin T.Spatial and temporal distributions of the metazooplankton community structure ang water quality in Baihuahu reservoir.Journal of Guizhou Normal University:Natural Science,2018,36(1):45-50.[夏品华,林陶.百花湖水库后生浮游动物群落结构时空分布特征及水质评价.贵州师范大学学报:自然版,2018,36(1):45-50.]
[18]Ma HB,Song JM,Lv XX et al.Nitrogen forms and their functions in recycling of the Bohai Sea sediments.Geochimica,2003,32(1):48-54.[马红波,宋金明,吕晓霞等.渤海沉积物中氮的形态及其在循环中的作用.地球化学,2003,32(1):48-54.]
[19]Yang HQ,Chen JA,Liu W et al.Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of total organic carbon,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus in sediments of Caohai Lake,China.Earth and Environment,2016,44(3):297-303.[杨海全,陈敬安,刘文等.草海沉积物营养元素分布特征与控制因素.地球与环境,2016,44(3):297-303.]
[20]Zhang B,Chen YP,Fang F et al.Nitrogen forms and their distribution characteristics in the soils of water-level-fluctuationg zone in the central Three Gorges Reservoir.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(5):1126-1133.[张彬,陈猷鹏,方芳等.三峡库区淹没消落区土壤氮素形态及分布特征.环境科学学报,2012,32(5):1126-1133.]
[21]Zeng YX,Lei P,Zhang H et al.Nitrogen and phosphorus fractions and releasing characteristics of the soils from the representative water-level-fluctuating zone of Danjiangkou Reservoir.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1383-1392.[曾祉祥,雷沛,张洪等.丹江口水库典型消落区土壤氮磷赋存形态及释放特征研究.环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1383-1392.]
[22]Lv XX,Song JM,Yuan HM et al.Geochemical characteristics of nitrogen in different grain size sediment from the southern Huanghai Sea.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2005,27(1):64-69.[吕晓霞,宋金明,袁华茂等.南黄海表层不同粒级沉积物中氮的地球化学特征.海洋学报,2005,27(1):64-69.]
[23]Wang M,Liu Y,Zheng BH et al.Nitrogen forms in surface sediments of urban river and their influence factors:A case study of Qingyi River in Xuchang City.Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2014,34(3):720-726.[王梅,刘琰,郑丙辉等.城市内河表层沉积物氮形态及影响因素---以许昌清潩河为例.中国环境科学,2014,34(3):720-726.]
[24]Zhao YY,Yan MC eds.Geochemistry of immersed soil in shallow seas in China.Beijing:Science Press,1994:179-200.[赵一阳,鄢明才.中国浅海浸没土壤地球化学.北京:科学出版社,1994:179-200.]
[25]Wang GQ,Zhu Z,Zhang S.Nitrogen forms in the surface sediment of Haizhou Bay and their ecological significance.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):450-457.[王功芹,朱珠,张硕.海州湾表层沉积物中氮的赋存形态及其生态意义.环境科学学报,2016,36(2):450-457.]
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