基于物质流的矿产资源安全思考
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摘要
从物质流视角看,出口工业制成品相当于"出口"矿产资源。我国已成为全球第一工业制成品出口大国,2017年净出口3万亿元的涉矿工业制成品。大量矿产资源通过这些产品流向国外。这导致了我国较高的矿产资源消耗量、较高的矿产资源对外依存度以及较高的矿产资源供应风险。以铜铝两种矿产资源为例,我国有一半以上的铜和五分之一以上的铝通过国际贸易间接转移到其他国家,出口转移份额大,但出口产品的附加值低,技术含量不高。保障矿产资源安全是确保我国产业体系平稳运转的关键,需从全产业链构建矿产资源安全体系,加强国内矿产资源的有效供应。
From the perspective of material flow, exporting manufactured goods are equivalent to "export" mineral resources. China has become the largest exporter of industrial manufactured goods in the word, in 2017, it exported 3 trillion yuan of manufactured goods in the mining industry. Due to large amount of mineral resources flow through these products to foreign countries, the mineral resource consumption in China is larger, the dependence on foreign mineral resources is higher, and the risk of mineral resource supply is higher. Taking copper and aluminum mineral resources as an example, more than half of copper and more than one-fifth of aluminum in China are transferred to other countries indirectly through international trade, the export share is large, but the added value of export products is low and the technical content is low. Therefore, guaranteeing the safety of mineral resources is the key to ensuring the smooth operation of industrial system in China, it is necessary to build a mineral resource safety system from the entire industrial chain and strengthen the effective supply of domestic mineral resources.
From the perspective of material flow, exporting manufactured goods are equivalent to "export" mineral resources. China has become the largest exporter of industrial manufactured goods in the word, in 2017, it exported 3 trillion yuan of manufactured goods in the mining industry. Due to large amount of mineral resources flow through these products to foreign countries, the mineral resource consumption in China is larger, the dependence on foreign mineral resources is higher, and the risk of mineral resource supply is higher. Taking copper and aluminum mineral resources as an example, more than half of copper and more than one-fifth of aluminum in China are transferred to other countries indirectly through international trade, the export share is large, but the added value of export products is low and the technical content is low. Therefore, guaranteeing the safety of mineral resources is the key to ensuring the smooth operation of industrial system in China, it is necessary to build a mineral resource safety system from the entire industrial chain and strengthen the effective supply of domestic mineral resources.
引文
[1]王喜文.中国制造2025解读:从工业大国到工业强国[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2016.
[2]中国石油经济技术研究院.2018年国内外油气行业发展报告[R].北京:中国石油经济技术研究院,2019.
[3]鞠建华,王嫱,陈甲斌.新时代中国矿业高质量发展研究[J].中国矿业,2019,28(1):1-7.
[4]冯丹丹,苏轶娜,胡德文,等.2018年度矿产资源经济形势分析及展望[J].中国国土资源经济,2019,32(1):30-35.
[5]王东方,王婉君,陈伟强.中国战略性金属矿产供应安全程度评价[J].资源与产业,2019,21(3):22-30.
[6]王婉君,陈伟强,汤林彬,等.美国征收铝产品关税的潜在影响及对策[J].资源科学,2018,40(7):1319-1332.
[7]王东方,陈伟强.中国铝土矿贸易与供应安全研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):498-506.
[8]何朋蔚,王昶,左绿水,等.基于废弃手机的高技术矿产可供性研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):589-599.
[9]陈伟强,石磊,常皛宇,等.1991年~2007年中国铝物质流分析(Ⅰ):全生命周期进出口核算及其政策启示[J].资源科学,2009,31(11):1887-1897.
(1)光明网，http://economy.gmw.cn/2019-01/30/content_32437731.htm。
(2)改革开放铸就工业辉煌创新转型做强制造大国--改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告之六，国家统计局网站，http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztfx/ggkf40n/201809/t20180904_1620676.html。
(3)国家统计局数据显示，2017年，我国出口工业品145335.59亿元，进口工业品85515.72亿元，净出口近6万亿元。
(4)https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/mec_fact_sheet_cell_phone_0.pdf。
(5)http://m.sohu.com/a/305577187_814674。
[2]中国石油经济技术研究院.2018年国内外油气行业发展报告[R].北京:中国石油经济技术研究院,2019.
[3]鞠建华,王嫱,陈甲斌.新时代中国矿业高质量发展研究[J].中国矿业,2019,28(1):1-7.
[4]冯丹丹,苏轶娜,胡德文,等.2018年度矿产资源经济形势分析及展望[J].中国国土资源经济,2019,32(1):30-35.
[5]王东方,王婉君,陈伟强.中国战略性金属矿产供应安全程度评价[J].资源与产业,2019,21(3):22-30.
[6]王婉君,陈伟强,汤林彬,等.美国征收铝产品关税的潜在影响及对策[J].资源科学,2018,40(7):1319-1332.
[7]王东方,陈伟强.中国铝土矿贸易与供应安全研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):498-506.
[8]何朋蔚,王昶,左绿水,等.基于废弃手机的高技术矿产可供性研究[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):589-599.
[9]陈伟强,石磊,常皛宇,等.1991年~2007年中国铝物质流分析(Ⅰ):全生命周期进出口核算及其政策启示[J].资源科学,2009,31(11):1887-1897.
(1)光明网，http://economy.gmw.cn/2019-01/30/content_32437731.htm。
(2)改革开放铸就工业辉煌创新转型做强制造大国--改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告之六，国家统计局网站，http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztfx/ggkf40n/201809/t20180904_1620676.html。
(3)国家统计局数据显示，2017年，我国出口工业品145335.59亿元，进口工业品85515.72亿元，净出口近6万亿元。
(4)https://mineralseducationcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/mec_fact_sheet_cell_phone_0.pdf。
(5)http://m.sohu.com/a/305577187_814674。