1982—2013年内蒙古地区植被物候对干旱变化的响应
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摘要
气候变化引起的植被物候变化正在大幅度改变生态系统,研究植被物候对干旱的响应对保护内蒙古的生态系统具有重要意义。根据1∶100万植被区划,把内蒙古划分为8个植被分区,利用多时间尺度气象标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和NDVI3g时序数据所反演的物候指标,分析内蒙古植被物候的时空变化及其对干旱的响应规律。结果显示:1)在1982年至2013年间,内蒙古植被受到不同时间尺度下干旱的高度控制,尤其是时间尺度干旱的影响(SPEI-3);2)对于整个研究区,生长季开始(SOS)呈提前趋势,生长季结束(EOS)呈延后趋势,生长季长度(LOS)呈延长趋势,像元比例分别为63.79%、59.77%和62.83%;3)内蒙古除荒漠植被类型地区外,同年春季和夏季初期干旱对SOS均具有延迟作用,同年秋季干旱对EOS均具有延迟作用;4)不同植被类型对干旱强度指数的响应程度存在差异,响应程度集中在-10d/0.1—10d/0.1(例如,1d/0.1表示干旱强度指数每增大0.1,会导致物候指数延迟1 d,而-1d/0.1表示干旱强度指数每增大0.1,会导致物候指数提前1 d)。
Under warning climate, vegetation phenology changes dramatically, which significantly alter ecological process. The response of vegetation phenology to drought is a crucial issue to understand vegetation response to climate change. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of the vegetation phenology response to drought. Vegetation phenology metrics were extracted from AVHRR NDVI3 g time-series during 1982—2013. Drought was defined by multiple time-scale Standard Precipitation-Evaporation index(SPEI). Results showed that: 1) during1982—2013, vegetation phenology was highly controlled by drought on different time scales and by effects of seasonal drought(3 month time-scale SPEI) in particular; 2) the starting of the growing season(SOS) was earlier than before; the ending of the growing season(EOS) was delayed than before; the length of the growing season(LOS) was lengthening; the changing rate of SOS, EOS and LOS was respectively 63.79%, 59.77% and 62.83%; 3) except desert vegetation, spring and early summer drought of the same year all had the effect of inhibiting the SOS of other vegetation types regions, e.g., drought delays SOS, and the autumn drought of the same year all had the effect of inhibiting the EOS of other vegetation types regions; 4) there are differences in the responses of different vegetation types to the drought intensity index, the response levels are concentrated in-10 d/0.1 —10 d/0.1, e.g. 1 d/0.1 indicates that each increase in the drought intensity index of 0.1 will cause a delay of 1 day in the phenology metrics,-1 d/0.1 indicates that each increase in the drought intensity index of 0.1 will cause a advance of 1 day in the phenology metrics.
Under warning climate, vegetation phenology changes dramatically, which significantly alter ecological process. The response of vegetation phenology to drought is a crucial issue to understand vegetation response to climate change. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of the vegetation phenology response to drought. Vegetation phenology metrics were extracted from AVHRR NDVI3 g time-series during 1982—2013. Drought was defined by multiple time-scale Standard Precipitation-Evaporation index(SPEI). Results showed that: 1) during1982—2013, vegetation phenology was highly controlled by drought on different time scales and by effects of seasonal drought(3 month time-scale SPEI) in particular; 2) the starting of the growing season(SOS) was earlier than before; the ending of the growing season(EOS) was delayed than before; the length of the growing season(LOS) was lengthening; the changing rate of SOS, EOS and LOS was respectively 63.79%, 59.77% and 62.83%; 3) except desert vegetation, spring and early summer drought of the same year all had the effect of inhibiting the SOS of other vegetation types regions, e.g., drought delays SOS, and the autumn drought of the same year all had the effect of inhibiting the EOS of other vegetation types regions; 4) there are differences in the responses of different vegetation types to the drought intensity index, the response levels are concentrated in-10 d/0.1 —10 d/0.1, e.g. 1 d/0.1 indicates that each increase in the drought intensity index of 0.1 will cause a delay of 1 day in the phenology metrics,-1 d/0.1 indicates that each increase in the drought intensity index of 0.1 will cause a advance of 1 day in the phenology metrics.
引文
[1] 张学霞,葛全胜,郑景云.北京地区气候变化和植被的关系——基于遥感数据和物候资料的分析.植物生态学报,2004,28(4):499- 506.
[2] 徐雨晴,陆佩玲,于强.气候变化对植物物候影响的研究进展.资源科学,2004,26(1):129- 136.
[3] 陆佩玲,于强,贺庆棠.植物物候对气候变化的响应.生态学报,2006,26(3):923- 929.
[4] 王连喜,陈怀亮,李琪,余卫东.植物物候与气候研究进展.生态学报,2010,30(2):447- 454.
[5] Tan Z Q,Tao H,Jiang J H,Zhang Q.Influences of climate extremes on NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in the Poyang Lake Basin,China.Wetlands,2015,35(6):1033- 1042.
[6] 郭灵辉,吴绍洪,赵东升,冷国勇,张清雨.近50 a内蒙古不同植被类型区生长季变化.干旱区地理,2014,37(3):532- 538.
[7] 吴瑞芬,霍治国,曹艳芳,闫伟兄.内蒙古典型草本植物春季物候变化及其对气候变暖的响应.生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1470- 1475.
[8] Zhao A Z,Zhang A B,Cao S,Liu X F,Liu J H,Cheng D Y.Responses of vegetation productivity to multi-scale drought in Loess Plateau,China.CATENA,2018,163:165- 171.
[9] 严建武,陈报章,房世峰,张慧芳,付东杰,薛晔.植被指数对旱灾的响应研究—以中国西南地区2009年—2010年特大干旱为例.遥感学报,2012,16(4):720- 737.
[10] Ji L,Peters A J.Assessing vegetation response to drought in the northern Great Plains using vegetation and drought indices.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,87(1):85- 98.
[11] 孔冬冬,张强,顾西辉,王月,李华贞.植被对不同时间尺度干旱事件的响应特征及成因分析.生态学报,2016,36(24):7908- 7918.
[12] Gu Y X,Brown J F,Verdin J P,Wardlow B.A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States.Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(6):L06407.
[13] 牟成香,孙庚,罗鹏,王志远,罗光荣.青藏高原高寒草甸植物开花物候对极端干旱的响应.应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(2):272- 279.
[14] 姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,刘志辉.西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展.干旱区研究,2018,35(2):269- 276.
[15] 张煦庭,潘学标,徐琳,魏培,尹紫薇,邵长秀.基于降水蒸发指数的1960- 2015年内蒙古干旱时空特征.农业工程学报,2017,33(15):190- 199.
[16] 孙滨峰,赵红,王效科.基于标准化降水蒸发指数(SPEI)的东北干旱时空特征.生态环境学报,2015,24(1):22- 28.
[17] Buitenwerf R,Rose L,Higgins S I.Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology.Nature Climate Change,2015,5(4):364- 368.
[18] 孔冬冬,张强,黄文琳,顾西辉.1982- 2013年青藏高原植被物候变化及气象因素影响.地理学报,2017,72(1):39- 52.
[19] Vicente-Serrano S M,Gouveia C,Camarero J J,Begueria S,Trigo R,López-Moreno J I,Azorín-Molina C,Pasho E,Lorenzo-Lacruz J,Revuelto J,Morán-Tejeda E,Sanchez-Lorenzo A.Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(1):52- 57.
[20] 韩芳.气候变化对内蒙古荒漠草原生态系统的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2013.
[21] Garonna I,de Jong R,de Wit A J W,Mücher C A,Schmid B,Schaepman M E.Strong contribution of autumn phenology to changes in satellite-derived growing season length estimates across Europe (1982- 2011).Global Change Biology,2014,20(11):3457- 3470.
[22] Filippa G,Cremonese E,Migliavacca M,Galvagno M,Forkel M,Wingate L,Tomelleri E,Morra di Cella U,Richardson A D.Phenopix:A R package for image-based vegetation phenology.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2016,220:141- 150.
[23] 赵国强.我国北方典型生态区气候变化对农田、森林和草地生态的影响研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.
[24] Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Zhang Z X.Observed changes of drought/wetness episodes in the Pearl River basin,China,using the standardized precipitation index and aridity index.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2009,98(1/2):89- 99.
[25] 毕超.基于多源数据的中国干旱半干旱区植被覆盖与物候对气候变化的响应[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[26] 安佑志.基于遥感的中国北部植被NDVI和物候变化研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[27] Gong Z,Kawamura K,Ishikawa N,Goto M,Wulan T,Alateng D,Yin T,Ito Y.MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation phenology dynamics in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Solid Earth,2015,6(4):1185- 1194.
[28] 张戈丽,陶健,董金玮,徐兴良.1960年- 2010年内蒙古东部地区生长季变化分析.资源科学,2011,33(12):2323- 2332.
[29] 王东,张勃,安美玲,张调风,季定民,任培贵.基于SPEI的西南地区近53 a干旱时空特征分析.自然资源学报,2014,29(6):1003- 1016.
[30] 范德芹,赵学胜,郑周涛.内蒙古羊草草原物候及其对气候变化的响应.地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):81- 86.
[31] 苗百岭,梁存柱,韩芳,梁茂伟,张自国.内蒙古主要草原类型植物物候对气候波动的响应.生态学报,2016,36(23):7689- 7701.
[32] 顾润源,周伟灿,白美兰,李喜仓,邸瑞琦,杨晶.气候变化对内蒙古草原典型植物物候的影响.生态学报,2012,32(3):767- 776.
[2] 徐雨晴,陆佩玲,于强.气候变化对植物物候影响的研究进展.资源科学,2004,26(1):129- 136.
[3] 陆佩玲,于强,贺庆棠.植物物候对气候变化的响应.生态学报,2006,26(3):923- 929.
[4] 王连喜,陈怀亮,李琪,余卫东.植物物候与气候研究进展.生态学报,2010,30(2):447- 454.
[5] Tan Z Q,Tao H,Jiang J H,Zhang Q.Influences of climate extremes on NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in the Poyang Lake Basin,China.Wetlands,2015,35(6):1033- 1042.
[6] 郭灵辉,吴绍洪,赵东升,冷国勇,张清雨.近50 a内蒙古不同植被类型区生长季变化.干旱区地理,2014,37(3):532- 538.
[7] 吴瑞芬,霍治国,曹艳芳,闫伟兄.内蒙古典型草本植物春季物候变化及其对气候变暖的响应.生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1470- 1475.
[8] Zhao A Z,Zhang A B,Cao S,Liu X F,Liu J H,Cheng D Y.Responses of vegetation productivity to multi-scale drought in Loess Plateau,China.CATENA,2018,163:165- 171.
[9] 严建武,陈报章,房世峰,张慧芳,付东杰,薛晔.植被指数对旱灾的响应研究—以中国西南地区2009年—2010年特大干旱为例.遥感学报,2012,16(4):720- 737.
[10] Ji L,Peters A J.Assessing vegetation response to drought in the northern Great Plains using vegetation and drought indices.Remote Sensing of Environment,2003,87(1):85- 98.
[11] 孔冬冬,张强,顾西辉,王月,李华贞.植被对不同时间尺度干旱事件的响应特征及成因分析.生态学报,2016,36(24):7908- 7918.
[12] Gu Y X,Brown J F,Verdin J P,Wardlow B.A five-year analysis of MODIS NDVI and NDWI for grassland drought assessment over the central Great Plains of the United States.Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(6):L06407.
[13] 牟成香,孙庚,罗鹏,王志远,罗光荣.青藏高原高寒草甸植物开花物候对极端干旱的响应.应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(2):272- 279.
[14] 姚俊强,杨青,毛炜峄,刘志辉.西北干旱区大气水分循环要素变化研究进展.干旱区研究,2018,35(2):269- 276.
[15] 张煦庭,潘学标,徐琳,魏培,尹紫薇,邵长秀.基于降水蒸发指数的1960- 2015年内蒙古干旱时空特征.农业工程学报,2017,33(15):190- 199.
[16] 孙滨峰,赵红,王效科.基于标准化降水蒸发指数(SPEI)的东北干旱时空特征.生态环境学报,2015,24(1):22- 28.
[17] Buitenwerf R,Rose L,Higgins S I.Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology.Nature Climate Change,2015,5(4):364- 368.
[18] 孔冬冬,张强,黄文琳,顾西辉.1982- 2013年青藏高原植被物候变化及气象因素影响.地理学报,2017,72(1):39- 52.
[19] Vicente-Serrano S M,Gouveia C,Camarero J J,Begueria S,Trigo R,López-Moreno J I,Azorín-Molina C,Pasho E,Lorenzo-Lacruz J,Revuelto J,Morán-Tejeda E,Sanchez-Lorenzo A.Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(1):52- 57.
[20] 韩芳.气候变化对内蒙古荒漠草原生态系统的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2013.
[21] Garonna I,de Jong R,de Wit A J W,Mücher C A,Schmid B,Schaepman M E.Strong contribution of autumn phenology to changes in satellite-derived growing season length estimates across Europe (1982- 2011).Global Change Biology,2014,20(11):3457- 3470.
[22] Filippa G,Cremonese E,Migliavacca M,Galvagno M,Forkel M,Wingate L,Tomelleri E,Morra di Cella U,Richardson A D.Phenopix:A R package for image-based vegetation phenology.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2016,220:141- 150.
[23] 赵国强.我国北方典型生态区气候变化对农田、森林和草地生态的影响研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.
[24] Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Zhang Z X.Observed changes of drought/wetness episodes in the Pearl River basin,China,using the standardized precipitation index and aridity index.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2009,98(1/2):89- 99.
[25] 毕超.基于多源数据的中国干旱半干旱区植被覆盖与物候对气候变化的响应[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[26] 安佑志.基于遥感的中国北部植被NDVI和物候变化研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[27] Gong Z,Kawamura K,Ishikawa N,Goto M,Wulan T,Alateng D,Yin T,Ito Y.MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation phenology dynamics in the Inner Mongolia grassland.Solid Earth,2015,6(4):1185- 1194.
[28] 张戈丽,陶健,董金玮,徐兴良.1960年- 2010年内蒙古东部地区生长季变化分析.资源科学,2011,33(12):2323- 2332.
[29] 王东,张勃,安美玲,张调风,季定民,任培贵.基于SPEI的西南地区近53 a干旱时空特征分析.自然资源学报,2014,29(6):1003- 1016.
[30] 范德芹,赵学胜,郑周涛.内蒙古羊草草原物候及其对气候变化的响应.地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(6):81- 86.
[31] 苗百岭,梁存柱,韩芳,梁茂伟,张自国.内蒙古主要草原类型植物物候对气候波动的响应.生态学报,2016,36(23):7689- 7701.
[32] 顾润源,周伟灿,白美兰,李喜仓,邸瑞琦,杨晶.气候变化对内蒙古草原典型植物物候的影响.生态学报,2012,32(3):767- 776.