城市微环境的热评估方法研究
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摘要
在中、微观尺度的热环境模拟仿真中,逐小时气象数据的获取常需花费较大的人力物力.选择SOLWEIG模型,探索在气象数据部分缺失的情况下,结合空间几何信息和气象观测数据,对城市局部地区热环境的评估方法进行研究.以武汉市夏季为例,使用2组真实数据、拟合数据,模拟区域内平均辐射温度日平均值分布情况,同时对基于2组数据的模拟结果进行定性和定量的对比分析研究.研究表明,该方法缓解了逐小时气象数据缺失时的困难,在计算精度上偏差量小、偏差点数量少.最后验证了该模拟方法的有效性,为城市微环境的热评估提供了一种便捷有效的评估方法.
In the simulation of thermal environment at the medium and micro scales, the acquisition of hourly weather data often takes a lot of manpower and material resources. In this paper, the SOLWEIG model is selected to explore the method of evaluating the thermal environment in part of the city, in combination with spatial geometric information and meteorological observation data when the meteorological data are partially missing. The summer of Wuhan is taken for example. The real data and the fitted data are used to simulate the distribution of the daily average mean radiant temperature. Meanwhile the qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses of the simulation results based on the two sets of data are carried out. The research results show that the method alleviates the difficulty of hourly meteorological data loss. Both the deviation of calculation accuracy and the number of deviation points are small, so as to verify the effectiveness of the simulation method and provide a convenient and effective thermal assessment method for urban micro-environment.
In the simulation of thermal environment at the medium and micro scales, the acquisition of hourly weather data often takes a lot of manpower and material resources. In this paper, the SOLWEIG model is selected to explore the method of evaluating the thermal environment in part of the city, in combination with spatial geometric information and meteorological observation data when the meteorological data are partially missing. The summer of Wuhan is taken for example. The real data and the fitted data are used to simulate the distribution of the daily average mean radiant temperature. Meanwhile the qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses of the simulation results based on the two sets of data are carried out. The research results show that the method alleviates the difficulty of hourly meteorological data loss. Both the deviation of calculation accuracy and the number of deviation points are small, so as to verify the effectiveness of the simulation method and provide a convenient and effective thermal assessment method for urban micro-environment.
引文
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[16] Lindberg F,Holmer B,Thorsson S.SOLWEIG 1.0--modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2008,52(7):697-713.
[17] Thom J K,Coutts A M,Broadbent A M,et al.The influence of increasing tree cover on mean radiant temperature across a mixed development suburb in Adelaide,Australia[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2016,20:233-242.
[2] Yang F,Lau S S Y,Qian F.Summertime heat island intensities in three high-rise housing quarters in inner-city Shanghai China:Building layout,density and greenery[J].Building & Environment,2010,45(1):115-134.
[3] Johansson E.Influence of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort in a hot dry climate:A study in Fez,Morocco[J].Building & Environment,2006,41(10):1326-1338.
[4] 张宇峰.能量平衡与街谷微气候[J].建筑科学,2016,32(10):96-104.Zhang Yufeng.Energy balance and street canyon microclimate[J].Building Science,2016,32(10):96-104
[5] Zheng T,Lau K L,Ng E.Planning strategies for roadside tree planting and outdoor comfort enhancement in subtropical high-density urban areas[J].Building & Environment,2017,120:93-109.
[6] 高亚锋.适于城市住区规划的室外热环境实测与模拟研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2011.Gao Yafeng.Measurement and simulation of outdoor thermal environment for urban residential district planning[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2011.
[7] 丁金才,张志凯,奚红,等.上海地区盛夏高温分布和热岛效应的初步研究[J].大气科学,2002,26(3):412-420.Ding Jincai,Zhang Zhikai,Xi Hong,et al.A study of the high temperature distribution and the heat island effect in the summer of the Shanghai area[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2002,26(3):412-420.
[8] 冯聪.城市绿地空间与热环境效应的关系——以武汉市为例[J].山东林业科技,2017,47(3):69-72,75.Feng Cong.Relationship between the spatial characteristics of urban green space and thermal environment effect of Wuhan city[J].Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology,2017,47(3):69-72,75.
[9] 李小龙,杨英宝,曹利娟,等.基于遥感和CFD模拟的城市绿地形态对热环境的影响研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2016,31(6):1150-1157.Li Xiaolong,Yang Yingbao,Cao Lijuan,et al.Research on the influence of urban green space distribution on the thermal environment based on RS and CFD simulation[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2016,31(6):1150-1157.
[10] 段艳文.基于绿色植物的城市微气候模拟工具测评研究[D].南京:南京大学,2017.Duan Yanwen.Research on evaluation of urban micro climate simulation tools based on green plants[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2017.
[11] Matzarakis A,Rutz F,Mayer H.Modelling radiation fluxes in simple and complex environments—application of the RayMan model[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2010,51(4):131-139.
[12] Lau K L,Ren C,Ho J,et al.Numerical modelling of mean radiant temperature in high-density sub-tropical urban environment[J].Energy & Buildings,2015,114:80-86.
[13] Mayer H,H?ppe P.Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments[J].Theoretical & Applied Climatology,1987,38(1):43-49.
[14] 王丽娟,狄育慧.平均辐射温度应用探讨[J].暖通空调,2015,(1):87-90.Wang Lijuan,Di Yuhui.Discussion on application of mean radiant temperature[J].Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning,2015,(1):87-90.
[15] Thorsson S,Rockl?v J,Konarska J,et al.Mean radiant temperature—A predictor of heat related mortality[J].Urban Climate,2014,10:332-345.
[16] Lindberg F,Holmer B,Thorsson S.SOLWEIG 1.0--modelling spatial variations of 3D radiant fluxes and mean radiant temperature in complex urban settings[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2008,52(7):697-713.
[17] Thom J K,Coutts A M,Broadbent A M,et al.The influence of increasing tree cover on mean radiant temperature across a mixed development suburb in Adelaide,Australia[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2016,20:233-242.