新型远距离验潮系统集成设计与研制
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摘要
我国的海洋活动逐步向远海开展,对海洋观测技术提出了新的要求。基于GNSS的动态后处理差分测量技术,提出了一种新型远距离验潮系统。建立了基于PC104总线的模块化潮汐测量系统硬件,基于LabVIEW语言开发了与验潮系统硬件相匹配的软件,实现了潮汐测量过程中数据采集、数据处理和设备监控等功能。将该系统安装于国内某大型海洋浮标,在离岸约200km的海域开展了潮汐测量实验,通过GNSS数据解算、高程修正、滤波和潮位提取等数据处理步骤得到潮位数据。将系统测量的潮位结果与经典潮汐模型的潮位模拟数据相比,发现二者具有良好的一致性,整体潮位测量精度为4.6cm。
China′s maritime activities are increasing in the open sea,and thus put forward new requirements on marine observation technology.A new tide gauge system that can be used in open sea is proposed based on the dynamic post-processing differential GNSS measurement technology.The modular hardware of this tide gauge system is based on the PC104 bus,the software for it is developed with LabVIEW,and the system can implement data acquisition,data processing and equipment monitoring.A test experiment for the tide gauge system was carried out on a large buoy in an offshore area being about 200 km away from coast.Tidal levels are obtained through data processing such as GNSS data solution,elevation correction,filtering and tidal level extraction.Comparison between tidal levels measured by the system and those calculated from numerical tide model shows that these two have good consistency and the accuracy of the tide level from the tide gauge system is 4.6 cm.
China′s maritime activities are increasing in the open sea,and thus put forward new requirements on marine observation technology.A new tide gauge system that can be used in open sea is proposed based on the dynamic post-processing differential GNSS measurement technology.The modular hardware of this tide gauge system is based on the PC104 bus,the software for it is developed with LabVIEW,and the system can implement data acquisition,data processing and equipment monitoring.A test experiment for the tide gauge system was carried out on a large buoy in an offshore area being about 200 km away from coast.Tidal levels are obtained through data processing such as GNSS data solution,elevation correction,filtering and tidal level extraction.Comparison between tidal levels measured by the system and those calculated from numerical tide model shows that these two have good consistency and the accuracy of the tide level from the tide gauge system is 4.6 cm.
引文
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[13] PURCARU D,GORDAN C,PURCARU I.An application of the PC104interface with synchronized sampling of analog inputs in energetic systems[J].Journal of Electrical&Electronics Engineering,2013,6(1):121-124.
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[16] WANG Q,JIANG P,LI Y,et al.Design of embedded integrated navigation system based on PC104[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2015,31(5):44-47.王其,蒋平,李严,等.基于PC104的嵌入式组合导航系统设计[J].船舶与海洋工程,2015,31(5):44-47.
[17] TANG B,PAN H B,ZHAO Y S,et al.Realization of database system based on ADO and SQL in LabVIEW environment[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007(Suppl.1):227-229.唐波,潘红兵,赵以顺,等.在LabVIEW环境下基于ADO技术和SQL语言的数据库系统实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2007(增刊1):227-229.
[18] HUANG H C,YANG C J,CHEN D H,et al.Measurement and control system for gas-tight deep-sea water sampler based on LabVIEW[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2011,32(1):40-45.黄豪彩,杨灿军,陈道华,等.基LabVIEW的深海气密采水器测控系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2011,32(1):40-45.
[19] WANG W L,DUAN B Y.Application of real-time kinematic technology to real-time determination of cabin[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2000,29(1):89-92.王文利,段宝岩.载波相位差分技术在馈源舱动态定位中的应用[J].测绘学报,2000,29(1):89-92.
[20] ZHANG H M,GU Y L,LE Q,et al.Study on measurement system and adaptive extraction of closure-gap water level[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2011,36(1):44-47.张红梅,顾玉亮,乐勤,等.基于PPK的龙口水位测量及自适应提取方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(1):44-47.
[21] GLADKIKH V,TENZER R.A comparison of model estimates of ocean-tide loading displacements in New Zealand[J].Journal of Geodetic Science,2011,1(2):94-113.
[22] WANG Y H,FANG G H,WEI Z X,et al.Accuracy assessment of global ocean tide models base on satellite altimetry[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(4):353-359.汪一航,方国洪,魏泽勋,等.基于卫星高度计的全球大洋潮汐模式的准确度评估[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(4):353-359.
[23] LI D W,LI J C,JIN T Y,et al.Accuracy estimation of recent global ocean tide models using tide gauge data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(4):106-110.李大炜,李建成,金涛勇,等.利用验潮站资料评估全球海潮模型的精度[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(4):106-110.
[24] ZHAO J H,DONG J,KE H,et al.High precision GPS tide measurement method in a far-distance and transformation model for the vertical datum[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(6):761-766.赵建虎,董江,柯灏,等.远距离高精度GPS潮汐观测及垂直基准转换研究[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(6):761-766.
[25] ZHANG F X,LIU CH.The Approach of GPS height transformation based on EGM2008and SRTM/DTM2006.0residual terrain model[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(1):25-32.张兴福,刘成.综合EGM2008模型和SRTM/DTM2006.0剩余地形模型的GPS高程转换方法[J].测绘学报,2012,41(1):25-32.
[26] ZHANG CH Y,GUO CH X,CHEN J Y,et al.EGM 2008and it`s application analysis in Chinese mainland[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(4):283-289.章传银,郭春喜,陈俊勇,等.EGM 2008地球重力场模型在中国大陆适用性分析[J].测绘学报,2009,38(4):283-289.
[27] DANG L P,LIU J H.An automatic inspection system for angle between axes based on LabVIEW and IMAQ vision[J].Acta Armamentarii,2006,27(3):519-523.党丽萍,刘君华.基于LabVIEW和IMAQVision软件平台的轴平行性测量[J].兵工学报,2006,27(3):519-523.
[28] XIE S J,ZHU S X,MA J,et al.Tidal characteristics analysis of main islands,reefs and shoals in South China Sea by NAO.99bdata[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,16(6):593-599.谢石建,朱首贤,马疆,等.基于NAO.99b资料对南海主要岛礁潮汐特征的分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,16(6):593-599.
[2] WANG Y C,FANG R H,YANG J Y,et al.Application and analysis on the TGR-2050tide gauge measuring tide levels in Pearl River estuary[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2013,33(1):63-65.王玉春,方荣华,杨建宇,等.TGR-2050型验潮仪在珠江口潮汐测量中的应用分析[J].海洋测绘,2013,33(1):63-65.
[3] YAO Y L,WANG J D,YE S,et al.Review on measuring techniques of ocean wave,tidal and water-level[J].China Measurement&Test,2013,39(1):31-35.尧怡陇,王敬东,叶松,等.海洋波浪、潮汐和水位测量技术及其现状思考[J].中国测试,2013,39(1):31-35.
[4] LIN H.Application of a new type of well water gauge in coastal tide stations[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2014,33(5):122-126.林航.一种新型井外水尺在沿海验潮站的应用[J].海洋技术学报,2014,33(5):122-126.
[5] WONSEOK J,HANSAN P,KIYEOL S,et al.Analysis of positioning accuracy using multi differential GNSS in coast and port area of South Korea[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2016(75):1337-1341.
[6] ZHAI W L,ZHU J H,CHEN C T,et al.Research on the tidal observing technique based on GNSS buoy[J].Journal of Ocean Technology,2016,35(3):28-31.翟万林,朱建华,陈春涛,等.基于GNSS浮标的潮位测量技术研究[J].海洋技术学报,2016,35(3):28-31.
[7] FENG Y K,LI J,YANG L,et al.GPS tide observing method based on the precise point positioning[J].Hydrographic Surveying and Charting,2010,30(1):4-6.冯义楷,李杰,杨龙,等.远程GPS验潮方法研究[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(1):4-6.
[8] FUND F,PEROSANZ F,TESTUT L,et al.An integer precise point positioning technique for sea surface observations using a GPS buoy[J].Advances in Space Research,2013(51):1311-1322.
[9] STAL C,POPPE H,VANDENBULCKE A,et al.Study of post-processed GNSS measurements for tidal analysis in the Belgian North Sea[J].Ocean Engineering,2016,11(8):165-172.
[10] ZHONG J H,LEI J H,YUE X N,et al.Determination of differential code bias of GNSS receiver onboard low earth orbit satellite[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2016,54(8):1-10.
[11] LLJUHIN A A,KONESHOV V.On the estimation of GPS observation errors in complex tidal measurements[J].Seismic Instruments,2015,51(3):267-271.
[12] JIANG Y,TIAN D,FANG X,et al.Development and application of 8-bit PC104mainboard based MCS51microcontroller[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007,28(7):1229-1233.江游,田地,方向,等.基于MCS51单片机的8位PC104总线主板的研发与应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(7):1229-1233.
[13] PURCARU D,GORDAN C,PURCARU I.An application of the PC104interface with synchronized sampling of analog inputs in energetic systems[J].Journal of Electrical&Electronics Engineering,2013,6(1):121-124.
[14] National Center of Ocean Standards and Metrology.Specifications for oceanographic survey:Part 2 Marine hydrographic observation:GB/T 12763.2-2007[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2007:2.国家海洋标准计量中心.海洋调查规范:第2部分海洋水文观测:GB/T 12763.2-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007:2.
[15] LIU Z H,MAO Y L,SONG C L.One kind of data acquisition system used in PC104embedded navigation computer[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013,347(1):24-27.
[16] WANG Q,JIANG P,LI Y,et al.Design of embedded integrated navigation system based on PC104[J].Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2015,31(5):44-47.王其,蒋平,李严,等.基于PC104的嵌入式组合导航系统设计[J].船舶与海洋工程,2015,31(5):44-47.
[17] TANG B,PAN H B,ZHAO Y S,et al.Realization of database system based on ADO and SQL in LabVIEW environment[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2007(Suppl.1):227-229.唐波,潘红兵,赵以顺,等.在LabVIEW环境下基于ADO技术和SQL语言的数据库系统实现[J].仪器仪表学报,2007(增刊1):227-229.
[18] HUANG H C,YANG C J,CHEN D H,et al.Measurement and control system for gas-tight deep-sea water sampler based on LabVIEW[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2011,32(1):40-45.黄豪彩,杨灿军,陈道华,等.基LabVIEW的深海气密采水器测控系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2011,32(1):40-45.
[19] WANG W L,DUAN B Y.Application of real-time kinematic technology to real-time determination of cabin[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2000,29(1):89-92.王文利,段宝岩.载波相位差分技术在馈源舱动态定位中的应用[J].测绘学报,2000,29(1):89-92.
[20] ZHANG H M,GU Y L,LE Q,et al.Study on measurement system and adaptive extraction of closure-gap water level[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2011,36(1):44-47.张红梅,顾玉亮,乐勤,等.基于PPK的龙口水位测量及自适应提取方法研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(1):44-47.
[21] GLADKIKH V,TENZER R.A comparison of model estimates of ocean-tide loading displacements in New Zealand[J].Journal of Geodetic Science,2011,1(2):94-113.
[22] WANG Y H,FANG G H,WEI Z X,et al.Accuracy assessment of global ocean tide models base on satellite altimetry[J].Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(4):353-359.汪一航,方国洪,魏泽勋,等.基于卫星高度计的全球大洋潮汐模式的准确度评估[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(4):353-359.
[23] LI D W,LI J C,JIN T Y,et al.Accuracy estimation of recent global ocean tide models using tide gauge data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2012,32(4):106-110.李大炜,李建成,金涛勇,等.利用验潮站资料评估全球海潮模型的精度[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2012,32(4):106-110.
[24] ZHAO J H,DONG J,KE H,et al.High precision GPS tide measurement method in a far-distance and transformation model for the vertical datum[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2015,40(6):761-766.赵建虎,董江,柯灏,等.远距离高精度GPS潮汐观测及垂直基准转换研究[J].武汉大学学报:信息科学版,2015,40(6):761-766.
[25] ZHANG F X,LIU CH.The Approach of GPS height transformation based on EGM2008and SRTM/DTM2006.0residual terrain model[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2012,41(1):25-32.张兴福,刘成.综合EGM2008模型和SRTM/DTM2006.0剩余地形模型的GPS高程转换方法[J].测绘学报,2012,41(1):25-32.
[26] ZHANG CH Y,GUO CH X,CHEN J Y,et al.EGM 2008and it`s application analysis in Chinese mainland[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(4):283-289.章传银,郭春喜,陈俊勇,等.EGM 2008地球重力场模型在中国大陆适用性分析[J].测绘学报,2009,38(4):283-289.
[27] DANG L P,LIU J H.An automatic inspection system for angle between axes based on LabVIEW and IMAQ vision[J].Acta Armamentarii,2006,27(3):519-523.党丽萍,刘君华.基于LabVIEW和IMAQVision软件平台的轴平行性测量[J].兵工学报,2006,27(3):519-523.
[28] XIE S J,ZHU S X,MA J,et al.Tidal characteristics analysis of main islands,reefs and shoals in South China Sea by NAO.99bdata[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2015,16(6):593-599.谢石建,朱首贤,马疆,等.基于NAO.99b资料对南海主要岛礁潮汐特征的分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,16(6):593-599.