周年生产花枝的切花月季生长规律分析
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摘要
【目的】分析切花月季花枝的周年生长发育规律,建立生长发育模型,为切花月季优质高效栽培生产提供参考依据。【方法】以周年生产花枝的切花月季为材料,在观测其物候期和发育过程的基础上,运用Logistic方程对花枝高度实测数据进行曲线拟合,构建其生长发育模型,并对花枝生育期进行阶段划分。【结果】切花月季花枝在冬春季(1—4月和11月—翌年2月)生育期平均为88～104 d,在夏秋季(4—6月、6—8月和8—10月)生育期平均为54～71 d。切花月季花枝的生长发育符合Logistic曲线规律,与花枝实测数据的吻合度较高,生长曲线呈S形。根据Logistic模型结合实际观察情况,可将切花月季花枝生长划分为渐长期、快长期和缓长期,现蕾期处于花枝生长快长期的后期,其中在冬春季的渐长期35～45 d、快长期21～37 d、缓长期19～32 d,在夏秋季的渐长期15～25 d、快长期16～20 d、缓长期12～26 d。【结论】运用Logistic方程可构建切花月季花枝生长发育模型,并将花枝生长划分为渐长期、快长期和缓长期。切花月季花枝在冬春季的生育期明显长于夏秋季,因此生产中对不同生长季节花枝的管理应根据其生长发育天数采取相应的肥水管理措施。
【Objective】The growth and development regularity of cut rose flower branches was studied,and the growth and development model was established to provide reference for high quality and efficient cultivation and production of cut rose.【Method】Using the flower branches of the cut rose as materials,based on the observation of the phenological period and development,the Logistic equation was used to fit the measured data of the flower branches,the growth and development model was constructed,and the growth and development stages of cut rose were divided.【Result】The average growth period of cut rose was 88-104 d in winter and spring(January-April and November-February of the following year). The average growth period was 54-71 d in summer and autumn(April-June,June-Augustand August-October). The growth and development of cut rose branches were in line with Logistic curve,which fitted well with the measured data and showed a S-shaped growth curve. According to the Logistic model combined with the actual observation,the branch growth of cut rose could be divided into gradual-,fast-and slow-growing periods,and the budding stage was in the late stage of the fast-growing period of flower branches. Among them,in winter and spring the gradual-growing period was 35-45 d,the fast-growing period was 21-37 d,and the slow-growing period was 19-32 d. In summer and autumn,the gradual-growing period was 15-25 d,fast-growing period was 16-20 d,slow-growing period was 12-26 d.【Conclusion】Logistic equation can be used to construct the growth and development model of cut rose branches,which can be divided into three stages:gradual-growing period,fast-growing period and slow-growing period,and the growth period of winter and spring is obviously longer than summer and autumn. In production,the corresponding fertilizer water management measures of flowering branches in different growth seasons can be conducted according to their growth and development days.
【Objective】The growth and development regularity of cut rose flower branches was studied,and the growth and development model was established to provide reference for high quality and efficient cultivation and production of cut rose.【Method】Using the flower branches of the cut rose as materials,based on the observation of the phenological period and development,the Logistic equation was used to fit the measured data of the flower branches,the growth and development model was constructed,and the growth and development stages of cut rose were divided.【Result】The average growth period of cut rose was 88-104 d in winter and spring(January-April and November-February of the following year). The average growth period was 54-71 d in summer and autumn(April-June,June-Augustand August-October). The growth and development of cut rose branches were in line with Logistic curve,which fitted well with the measured data and showed a S-shaped growth curve. According to the Logistic model combined with the actual observation,the branch growth of cut rose could be divided into gradual-,fast-and slow-growing periods,and the budding stage was in the late stage of the fast-growing period of flower branches. Among them,in winter and spring the gradual-growing period was 35-45 d,the fast-growing period was 21-37 d,and the slow-growing period was 19-32 d. In summer and autumn,the gradual-growing period was 15-25 d,fast-growing period was 16-20 d,slow-growing period was 12-26 d.【Conclusion】Logistic equation can be used to construct the growth and development model of cut rose branches,which can be divided into three stages:gradual-growing period,fast-growing period and slow-growing period,and the growth period of winter and spring is obviously longer than summer and autumn. In production,the corresponding fertilizer water management measures of flowering branches in different growth seasons can be conducted according to their growth and development days.
引文
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王莹,王良桂,黄成名,李玉帆,袁素霞,刘春,明军.2014.露地栽培条件下百合的生长规律及种球繁殖技术[J].中国农业科学,47(8):1558-1566.[Wang Y,Wang L G,Huang C M,Li Y F,Yuan S X,Liu C,Ming J.2014.Growth regularity and bulb propagation techniques of lilies in open field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(8):1558-1566.]
吴纪民,魏燮中,潘杰华,弓丽英.1992.小麦灌浆期的生长研究[J].江苏农业科学,(2):1-4.[Wu J M,Wei X Z,Pan JH,Gong L Y.1992.Study on the growth of wheat grouting period[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):1-4.]
吴鹏夫,李世超,杨树华,张冬菊,张晓,贾瑞冬,彭克勤,葛红.2013.季节变化对切花月季“卡罗拉”花枝品质及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(9):99-102.[Wu P F,Li S C,Yang S H,Zhang D J,Zhang X,Jia R D,Peng K Q,Ge H.2013.Influences of seasonal change on quality and yield of flowering branch of a rosa hybrida variety Carola[J].Hunan Agrecultural Sciences,(9):99-102.]
张超,贾民隆,宋卓琴,武江,段九菊.2018.不同修剪方式对切花月季卡罗拉产量和质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,46(8):1314-1316.[Zhang C,Jia M L,Song Z Q,Wu J,Duan J J.2018.Effects of different pruning methods on the yield and quality of cut Corolla rose[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(8):1314-1316.]
张金云,王清羿.2004.切花月季品种的比较及其花枝生产规律的研究[J].安徽农业科学,32(5):945-946.[Zhang JY,Wang Q Y.2004.Studies on rose-cutting varieties and characteristics of flower-stem growth[J].Journal of Anhui Agrecultural Sciences,32(5):945-946.]
张军云,董春富,张钟,杨世先,王文智,张建康,胡颖.2017a.切花月季红唇高枝修剪的生育期及产量[J].黑龙江农业科学,(4):63-65.[Zhang J Y,Dong C F,Zhang Z,Yang S X,Wang W Z,Zhang J K,Hu Y.2017a.Effect of high branch pruning on the yield and growth of the cut rose variety Hongchun[J].Heilongjiang Agrecultural Sciences,(4):63-65.]
张军云,张钟,董春富,杨世先,张建康,王文智.2017b.月季新品种“温馨”的选育[J].北方园艺,(8):164-165.[Zhang J Y,Zhang Z,Dong C F,Yang S X,Zhang J K,Wang W Z.2017b.Breeding of new rosa cultivar‘Wenxin’[J].Northern Horticulture,(8):164-165.]
张军云,张钟,董春富,张建康,杨世先,王文智,胡颖.2017c.切花月季红唇的花枝生产规律及品质[J].贵州农业科学,45(12):108-111.[Zhang J Y,Zhang Z,Dong C F,Zhang J K,Yang S X,Wang W Z,Hu Y.2017c.Growth regularity and quality of flowering branches of Hongchun a cut rose variety[J].Guizhou Agrecultural Sciences,45(12):108-111.]
邓绍勇,朱培林,贺义昌,叶金山.2013.基于Logistic模型的灰毛大青播种苗生长规律[J].林业科技开发,27(4):58-60.[Deng S Y,Zhu P L,He Y C,Ye J S.2013.A study on growth rhythm of Clerodendrum canescens seedlings based on logistic model[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,27(4):58-60.]
龚江,赵竹青,李春艳,石培春,侯振安.2014.基于Logistic方程的不同盐水平棉花根系生长分析[J].农业网络信息,(6):19-20.[Gong J,Zhao Z Q,Li C Y,Shi P C,Hou ZA.2014.Study on the growth of cotton root under different salinity levels based on logistic function[J].Agriculture Network Information,(6):19-20.]
喇燕菲,张启翔,潘会堂,孙明.2010.弱光条件下东方百合的生长发育及光合特性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,32(4):213-217.[La Y F,Zhang Q X,Pan H T,Sun M.2010.Growth,development and photosynthetic characteristics of Lilium oriental hybrids under low light conditions[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,32(4):213-217.]
李树发,杨玉勇,唐开学,张颢,吴华,黎霞.2005.云南出口切花月季花期调控技术[J].云南农业科技,(3):13-14.[Li S F,Yang Y Y,Tang K X,Zhang H,Wu H,Li X.2005.Control technology of flowering season of cut flowers in Yunnan export[J].Yunnan Agrecultural Science and Technology,(3):13-14.]
吕和君.2018.云南切花月季产业持续发展新主张[J].中国花卉园艺,(12):18-20.[LüH J.2018.New ideas on the sustainable development of cut rose industry in Yunnan[J].China Flowers&Horticulture,(12):18-20.]
马新才,胡天升,李瑞昌,窦景海.1999.切花月季在北方冬暖式大棚生长发育规律[J].北方园艺,(2):40-41.[Ma XC,Hu T S,Li R C,Dou J H.1999.Growth and development rule of cut rose in winter-warm greenhouse in North China[J].Northern Horticulture,(2):40-41.]
钱兆国,吴科,丛新军,沙英,孙宪印.2004.小麦籽粒灌浆特性研究[J].安徽农业科学,32(1):5-6.[Qian Z G,Wu K,Cong X J,Sha Y,Sun X Y.2004.Study on grain filling characteristics of wheat[J].Journal of Anhui Agrecultural Sciences,32(1):5-6.]
沈施岐.2018.不同切花月季品种生长发育规律的调查研究[J].新农业,(10):34.[Shen S Q.2018.Investigation on growth and development of different cut rose varieties[J].Xin Nongye,(10):34.]
王莲英,陈新露,高俊平.2000.GB/T 18247.1-2000.主要花卉产品等级第1部分:鲜切花[M].北京:中国标准出版社.[Wang L Y,Chen X L,Gao J P.2000.GB/T18247.1-2000.Grade of main flower productspart 1:Fresh cut flowers[M].Beijing:China Standards Press.]
王莹,王良桂,黄成名,李玉帆,袁素霞,刘春,明军.2014.露地栽培条件下百合的生长规律及种球繁殖技术[J].中国农业科学,47(8):1558-1566.[Wang Y,Wang L G,Huang C M,Li Y F,Yuan S X,Liu C,Ming J.2014.Growth regularity and bulb propagation techniques of lilies in open field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,47(8):1558-1566.]
吴纪民,魏燮中,潘杰华,弓丽英.1992.小麦灌浆期的生长研究[J].江苏农业科学,(2):1-4.[Wu J M,Wei X Z,Pan JH,Gong L Y.1992.Study on the growth of wheat grouting period[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,(2):1-4.]
吴鹏夫,李世超,杨树华,张冬菊,张晓,贾瑞冬,彭克勤,葛红.2013.季节变化对切花月季“卡罗拉”花枝品质及产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,(9):99-102.[Wu P F,Li S C,Yang S H,Zhang D J,Zhang X,Jia R D,Peng K Q,Ge H.2013.Influences of seasonal change on quality and yield of flowering branch of a rosa hybrida variety Carola[J].Hunan Agrecultural Sciences,(9):99-102.]
张超,贾民隆,宋卓琴,武江,段九菊.2018.不同修剪方式对切花月季卡罗拉产量和质量的影响[J].山西农业科学,46(8):1314-1316.[Zhang C,Jia M L,Song Z Q,Wu J,Duan J J.2018.Effects of different pruning methods on the yield and quality of cut Corolla rose[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,46(8):1314-1316.]
张金云,王清羿.2004.切花月季品种的比较及其花枝生产规律的研究[J].安徽农业科学,32(5):945-946.[Zhang JY,Wang Q Y.2004.Studies on rose-cutting varieties and characteristics of flower-stem growth[J].Journal of Anhui Agrecultural Sciences,32(5):945-946.]
张军云,董春富,张钟,杨世先,王文智,张建康,胡颖.2017a.切花月季红唇高枝修剪的生育期及产量[J].黑龙江农业科学,(4):63-65.[Zhang J Y,Dong C F,Zhang Z,Yang S X,Wang W Z,Zhang J K,Hu Y.2017a.Effect of high branch pruning on the yield and growth of the cut rose variety Hongchun[J].Heilongjiang Agrecultural Sciences,(4):63-65.]
张军云,张钟,董春富,杨世先,张建康,王文智.2017b.月季新品种“温馨”的选育[J].北方园艺,(8):164-165.[Zhang J Y,Zhang Z,Dong C F,Yang S X,Zhang J K,Wang W Z.2017b.Breeding of new rosa cultivar‘Wenxin’[J].Northern Horticulture,(8):164-165.]
张军云,张钟,董春富,张建康,杨世先,王文智,胡颖.2017c.切花月季红唇的花枝生产规律及品质[J].贵州农业科学,45(12):108-111.[Zhang J Y,Zhang Z,Dong C F,Zhang J K,Yang S X,Wang W Z,Hu Y.2017c.Growth regularity and quality of flowering branches of Hongchun a cut rose variety[J].Guizhou Agrecultural Sciences,45(12):108-111.]