雅鲁藏布江湘河流域浮游生物群落结构的探究与多样性分析
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摘要
为了探究雅鲁藏布江湘河流域生物群落结构及物种多样性现状,为西藏地区湘河流域浮游生物资源的保护及开发利用提供科学依据。本研究于2017年3～4月对湘河流域浮游生物进行了生物采样与调查,共设置采样点8个。本次调查共检出浮游植物6门61种,其中硅藻门为优势种,共41种,占总种类数的67.21%;绿藻门、蓝藻门次之,分别占总种类数的11.48%;甲藻门、隐藻门与金藻门种类较少。浮游植物密度范围为0.43×10~5～7.2×10~5cells/L,生物量范围为0.036～2.03 mg/L。共检出浮游动物3门44种,其中原生动物门为优势种,共30种,占总种类数的68.18%;轮虫13种;枝角类1种。浮游动物密度范围为1.5×10~5～1.66×10~6cells/L,生物量范围为0.9×10~(-3)～5.7×10~(-2)mg/L。各调查点浮游植物/浮游动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(E)平均分别为4.38/3.13和0.93/0.93。多项指数综合评价表明,湘河流域水质处于轻度污染或清洁状态,浮游生物群落结构单一,密度及生物量较低,生态环境较脆弱。
In order to explore the status of the biological community structure and species diversity in the Xiang He basin of the Yalu Tsangpo River, and to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of biological resources in Tibet, biological sam, pling and investigation of plankton in Xianghe River Basin were caried out from March to April 2017, and a total of 8 sampling sites were set out. A total of 61 species of plankton were identified in the survey belonged to 6 phylum. Among them, Bacillariophyta were the dominant ones,included 41 species, accounting for 67.21% of the total number; then followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta,accounting for 11.48% of the total species respectively; Pyrrophyta, Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta were much less.Phytoplankton density in the range of 0.43×10~5～7.2×10~5 cells/L, biomass range of 0.036～2.03 mg/L. Meanwhile, a total of 44 species belonged to 3 phylum of zooplankton were detected, including 30 species of Protozoan,accounting for 68.18 % of the total species, 13 species of Rotifera and 1 species of Cladocera. The density of zooplankton ranged from 1.5 ×10~5～1.66 ×10~6 cells/L and the biomass ranged from 0.9×10~(-3)～5.7×10~(-2) mg/L. The average phytoplankton/zooplankton Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) and evenness index(E) were 4.38/3.13 and0.93/0.93, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes showed that the water quality of the Xianghe river was slightly polluted or clean. The structure of the plankton community was single, the density and biomass were low, and the ecological environment was relatively fragile.
In order to explore the status of the biological community structure and species diversity in the Xiang He basin of the Yalu Tsangpo River, and to provide a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of biological resources in Tibet, biological sam, pling and investigation of plankton in Xianghe River Basin were caried out from March to April 2017, and a total of 8 sampling sites were set out. A total of 61 species of plankton were identified in the survey belonged to 6 phylum. Among them, Bacillariophyta were the dominant ones,included 41 species, accounting for 67.21% of the total number; then followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta,accounting for 11.48% of the total species respectively; Pyrrophyta, Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta were much less.Phytoplankton density in the range of 0.43×10~5～7.2×10~5 cells/L, biomass range of 0.036～2.03 mg/L. Meanwhile, a total of 44 species belonged to 3 phylum of zooplankton were detected, including 30 species of Protozoan,accounting for 68.18 % of the total species, 13 species of Rotifera and 1 species of Cladocera. The density of zooplankton ranged from 1.5 ×10~5～1.66 ×10~6 cells/L and the biomass ranged from 0.9×10~(-3)～5.7×10~(-2) mg/L. The average phytoplankton/zooplankton Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) and evenness index(E) were 4.38/3.13 and0.93/0.93, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of multiple indexes showed that the water quality of the Xianghe river was slightly polluted or clean. The structure of the plankton community was single, the density and biomass were low, and the ecological environment was relatively fragile.
引文
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Li X.,Li J.R.,and Li C.Y.,2017,Ecological niche analysis of dominant phytoplankton species in Wuliangsuhai lake,Inner Mongolia,Shuishengtai Zazhi(Journal of Hydroecology),38(6):40-47(李兴,李建茹,李畅游,2017,内蒙古乌梁素海浮游植物优势种的生态位分析,水生态学杂志,38(6):40-47)
Liu J.D.,Gu Z.M.,Yang Y.J.,and Zhang Y.M.,2012,Phytoplankton community structure and water quality assessment of Changzhao Reservoir,Zhejiang of East China,Shengtaixue Zaizhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),31(11):2865-2871(刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰,张玉明,2012,长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价,生态学杂志,31(11):2865-2871)
Luan Q.S.,Sun J.,Song S.Q.,Shen.Z.L.,and Yu Z.M.,2007,Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environment in the Yangtze river estuary,China,Zhiwushengtai Xuebao(Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version)),31(3):445-450(栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,沈志良,俞志明,2007,长江口夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析,植物生态学报,31(3):445-450)
Ma B.S.,Yang X.F.,Xie C.X.,Huo B.,and Ding H.P.,2015,Resource status and seasonal variation of plankton in the Xaitongmoin reach of the YarlungZangbo river,Shuishengtaixue Zazhi(Journal of Hydroecology),36(6):19-28(马宝珊,杨学峰,谢从新,霍斌,丁慧萍,2015,雅鲁藏布江谢通门江段浮游生物资源现状及其季节动态,水生态学杂志,36(6):19-28)
Shen Z.R.,Bian X.H.,Zhao Y.,Wu Y.H.,and Xia H.,1997,Taiping lake in Xuyuan park,Nanjing:eutrophication,treatment and prevention,Hupo Kexue(Journal of Lake Science),9(4):377-380(沈治蕊,卞小红,赵燕,吴云海,夏红,1997,南京煦园太平湖富营养化及其防治,湖泊科学,9(4):377-380)
Song C.,and Yu H.X.,2009,Phytoplankton diversity in Jingpo lake and water quality evaluation,Dongbeilinyedaxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),37(4):40-42(宋辞,于洪贤,2009,镜泊湖浮游植物多样性分析及水质评价,东北林业大学学报,37(4):40-42)
Sun J.,and Liu D.Y.,2004,The application of diversity indices in marine phytoplankton studies,Haiyang Xuebao(Acta Oceanologica Sinica(In Chinese)),26(1):62-75(孙军,刘东艳,2004,多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用,海洋学报(中文版),26(1):62-75)
Tan X.,Xia X.L.,Cheng X.L.,and Zhang Q.F.,2011,Temporal and spatial pattern of phytoplankton community and its biodiversity indices in the danjiangkou reservoir,Huanjingkexue(Environmental Science),32(10):2875-2882(谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,张全发,2011,丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数,环境科学,32(10):2875-2882)
Wang Q.J.,Jiang W.,Zhao H.,Deng J.,Zhang H.X.,and Xu T.Q.,2015,Survey and diversity analysis of plankton in the Yigongzangbu River,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(11):2408-2414(王启军,姜维,赵虎,邓捷,张红星,许涛清,2015,易贡藏布江浮游生物调查及多样性分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(11):2408-2414)
Xu Z.L.,and Chen Y.Q.,1989,Aggregated intensity of dominant species of zooplankton in autumn in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology,8(4):13-15,19)(徐兆礼,陈亚瞿,1989,东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系,生态学杂志,8(4):13-15,19)
Yuan X.C.,Zheng M.P.,Zhao W.,and Wang H.L.,2007,Plankton and ecology investigation of some Saline lakes in Ali Region,Tibet,Dizhi Xuebao(Acta Geologica Sinica),81(12):1754-1763(袁显春,郑绵平,赵文,王海雷,2007,西藏阿里地区盐湖浮游生物生态调查,地质学报,81(12):1754-1763)
Zhang J.L.,Bian K.,Xu T.Q.,and Wang Q.J.,2016,Structure characteristic of plankton community in autumn in the Palong Tsangpo River,Tibet,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Sheng wuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(3):647-655(张建禄,边坤,许涛清,王启军,2016,西藏帕隆藏布秋季浮游生物群落结构特征,基因组学与应用生物学,35(3):647-655)
Zhang T.,Ma X.H.,Wang G.P.,Li D.L.,Jin B.S.,and Qin H.M.,2014,Community structure and spatial distribution of plankton in the Poyang lake national nature reserve,China,Shuishengshengwuxuebao(Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica),38(1):158-165(张婷,马行厚,王桂苹,李德亮,金斌松,秦海明,2014,鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区浮游生物群落结构及空间分布,水生生物学报,38(1):158-165)
Ke Z.X.,Huang L.M.,Tan Y.H.,and Yin J.Q.,2011,Plankton community structure and diversity in coral reefs area of Sanya Bay,Hainan Province,China,Shengwuduoyangxing(Biodiversity Science),19(6):696-701(柯志新,黄良民,谭烨辉,尹健强,2011,三亚珊瑚礁分布海区浮游生物的群落结构,生物多样性,19(6):696-701)
Lv Y.L.,Hao Sh.X.,Wang Ch.,Sun D.F.,Liu H.P.,and Shang P.,2016,Investigation and analysis on plankton and fish resources in the sourcearea of Lhasa River,Tibet,China,Haiyangyuhuzhao(Oceanologia ET Limnologia Sinica),47(2):407-413(吕永磊,郝世鑫,王宠,孙东方,王晓通,刘海平,商鹏,2016,拉萨河源头水域中浮游生物、鱼类资源调查与分析,海洋与湖沼,47(2):407-413)
Li X.,Li J.R.,and Li C.Y.,2017,Ecological niche analysis of dominant phytoplankton species in Wuliangsuhai lake,Inner Mongolia,Shuishengtai Zazhi(Journal of Hydroecology),38(6):40-47(李兴,李建茹,李畅游,2017,内蒙古乌梁素海浮游植物优势种的生态位分析,水生态学杂志,38(6):40-47)
Liu J.D.,Gu Z.M.,Yang Y.J.,and Zhang Y.M.,2012,Phytoplankton community structure and water quality assessment of Changzhao Reservoir,Zhejiang of East China,Shengtaixue Zaizhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology),31(11):2865-2871(刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰,张玉明,2012,长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价,生态学杂志,31(11):2865-2871)
Luan Q.S.,Sun J.,Song S.Q.,Shen.Z.L.,and Yu Z.M.,2007,Canonical correspondence analysis of summer phytoplankton community and its environment in the Yangtze river estuary,China,Zhiwushengtai Xuebao(Journal of Plant Ecology(Chinese Version)),31(3):445-450(栾青杉,孙军,宋书群,沈志良,俞志明,2007,长江口夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析,植物生态学报,31(3):445-450)
Ma B.S.,Yang X.F.,Xie C.X.,Huo B.,and Ding H.P.,2015,Resource status and seasonal variation of plankton in the Xaitongmoin reach of the YarlungZangbo river,Shuishengtaixue Zazhi(Journal of Hydroecology),36(6):19-28(马宝珊,杨学峰,谢从新,霍斌,丁慧萍,2015,雅鲁藏布江谢通门江段浮游生物资源现状及其季节动态,水生态学杂志,36(6):19-28)
Shen Z.R.,Bian X.H.,Zhao Y.,Wu Y.H.,and Xia H.,1997,Taiping lake in Xuyuan park,Nanjing:eutrophication,treatment and prevention,Hupo Kexue(Journal of Lake Science),9(4):377-380(沈治蕊,卞小红,赵燕,吴云海,夏红,1997,南京煦园太平湖富营养化及其防治,湖泊科学,9(4):377-380)
Song C.,and Yu H.X.,2009,Phytoplankton diversity in Jingpo lake and water quality evaluation,Dongbeilinyedaxue Xuebao(Journal of Northeast Forestry University),37(4):40-42(宋辞,于洪贤,2009,镜泊湖浮游植物多样性分析及水质评价,东北林业大学学报,37(4):40-42)
Sun J.,and Liu D.Y.,2004,The application of diversity indices in marine phytoplankton studies,Haiyang Xuebao(Acta Oceanologica Sinica(In Chinese)),26(1):62-75(孙军,刘东艳,2004,多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用,海洋学报(中文版),26(1):62-75)
Tan X.,Xia X.L.,Cheng X.L.,and Zhang Q.F.,2011,Temporal and spatial pattern of phytoplankton community and its biodiversity indices in the danjiangkou reservoir,Huanjingkexue(Environmental Science),32(10):2875-2882(谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,张全发,2011,丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数,环境科学,32(10):2875-2882)
Wang Q.J.,Jiang W.,Zhao H.,Deng J.,Zhang H.X.,and Xu T.Q.,2015,Survey and diversity analysis of plankton in the Yigongzangbu River,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Shengwuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),34(11):2408-2414(王启军,姜维,赵虎,邓捷,张红星,许涛清,2015,易贡藏布江浮游生物调查及多样性分析,基因组学与应用生物学,34(11):2408-2414)
Xu Z.L.,and Chen Y.Q.,1989,Aggregated intensity of dominant species of zooplankton in autumn in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea,Shengtaixue Zazhi(Chinese Journal of Ecology,8(4):13-15,19)(徐兆礼,陈亚瞿,1989,东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系,生态学杂志,8(4):13-15,19)
Yuan X.C.,Zheng M.P.,Zhao W.,and Wang H.L.,2007,Plankton and ecology investigation of some Saline lakes in Ali Region,Tibet,Dizhi Xuebao(Acta Geologica Sinica),81(12):1754-1763(袁显春,郑绵平,赵文,王海雷,2007,西藏阿里地区盐湖浮游生物生态调查,地质学报,81(12):1754-1763)
Zhang J.L.,Bian K.,Xu T.Q.,and Wang Q.J.,2016,Structure characteristic of plankton community in autumn in the Palong Tsangpo River,Tibet,Jiyinzuxue Yu Yingyong Sheng wuxue(Genomics and Applied Biology),35(3):647-655(张建禄,边坤,许涛清,王启军,2016,西藏帕隆藏布秋季浮游生物群落结构特征,基因组学与应用生物学,35(3):647-655)
Zhang T.,Ma X.H.,Wang G.P.,Li D.L.,Jin B.S.,and Qin H.M.,2014,Community structure and spatial distribution of plankton in the Poyang lake national nature reserve,China,Shuishengshengwuxuebao(Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica),38(1):158-165(张婷,马行厚,王桂苹,李德亮,金斌松,秦海明,2014,鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区浮游生物群落结构及空间分布,水生生物学报,38(1):158-165)