不同林龄红锥人工林细根垂直分布和衰老生理特征
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摘要
以广西桂东和桂南地区3种林龄(7、14和25 a)红锥人工林细根为对象,在红锥生长旺季,采用根钻法,分表层(0～20 cm)和亚表层土壤(20～40 cm)获取细根,研究不同林龄红锥人工林细根在不同土层的形态、生物量以及衰老生理生化指标变化特征,以期深入认识红锥生长发育机制及林分生产力,为红锥人工林可持续经营提供依据。结果表明:在相同土层中,随林龄增加,红锥细根根长密度、根表面积密度、生物量、比表面积、细根活力、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均显著增加,而比根长、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著减少;在相同林龄下,随土壤深度增加,红椎细根比根长、比表面积、细根活力、各渗透调节物质含量均显著增加,而根长密度、表面积密度、生物量、MDA含量显著减少;林龄和土层的交互作用对细根生物量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和MDA含量有显著影响。细根根长密度、根表面积密度和生物量与各土壤因子间呈显著正相关;细根游离脯氨酸含量与各土壤因子间呈显著负相关;细根活力、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白仅与土壤含水率、速效氮呈显著正相关。因此,7 a红锥细根易衰老,更新快,14 a林次之,25 a林细根更新慢;表层土(0～20cm)的红锥细根代谢旺盛,周转速率快,寿命较短。
The vertical distribution,morphology,biomass and aging physiological indicators of fine roots of Castanopsis hystrix Miq. in different ages( 7,14 and 25 years old) and soil depths( 0-20 and 20-40 cm) were examined using soil coring method,to better understand the tree growth and development and thus provide scientific basis for sustainable management of C. hystrix plantations. C. hystrix plantations were selected in the Guidong and Guinan,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results showed that fine root length density,root surface area density,biomass,specific surface area,vigor and the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of fine roots in the same soil layer significantly increased with the increases of stand age,while specific root length,the contents of free proline and malondialdehyde( MDA) of fine roots significantly reduced. Under the same stand age,specific root length,specific surface area,vigor and the content of osmotic adjustment substances of fine roots enhanced with increasing soil depth,while root length density,root surface area density,biomass and MDA content of fine roots significantly decreased. The interaction between stand age and soil layer had a significant effect on biomass,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and MDA of fine roots. There were significant positive correlations between root length density,root surface area density and fine root biomass and soil factors. In contrast,a significant negative correlation was found for free proline content of fine roots and soil factors. Meanwhile,vigor,soluble sugar and soluble protein content of fine roots were significantly positively correlated with soil water content and available nitrogen concentration. Fine roots of young forest( 7 years old) were more prone to senescence,followed by 14 years old stand,and then 25 years old stand. Furthermore,fine roots in the topsoil( 0-20 cm)had high metabolism,fast turnover rate and short lifespan.
The vertical distribution,morphology,biomass and aging physiological indicators of fine roots of Castanopsis hystrix Miq. in different ages( 7,14 and 25 years old) and soil depths( 0-20 and 20-40 cm) were examined using soil coring method,to better understand the tree growth and development and thus provide scientific basis for sustainable management of C. hystrix plantations. C. hystrix plantations were selected in the Guidong and Guinan,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results showed that fine root length density,root surface area density,biomass,specific surface area,vigor and the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of fine roots in the same soil layer significantly increased with the increases of stand age,while specific root length,the contents of free proline and malondialdehyde( MDA) of fine roots significantly reduced. Under the same stand age,specific root length,specific surface area,vigor and the content of osmotic adjustment substances of fine roots enhanced with increasing soil depth,while root length density,root surface area density,biomass and MDA content of fine roots significantly decreased. The interaction between stand age and soil layer had a significant effect on biomass,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and MDA of fine roots. There were significant positive correlations between root length density,root surface area density and fine root biomass and soil factors. In contrast,a significant negative correlation was found for free proline content of fine roots and soil factors. Meanwhile,vigor,soluble sugar and soluble protein content of fine roots were significantly positively correlated with soil water content and available nitrogen concentration. Fine roots of young forest( 7 years old) were more prone to senescence,followed by 14 years old stand,and then 25 years old stand. Furthermore,fine roots in the topsoil( 0-20 cm)had high metabolism,fast turnover rate and short lifespan.
引文
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常恩浩,李鹏,刘莹,等.2016.黄土丘陵区油松林细根在坡面的空间分布特征.水土保持研究,23(5):28-34.
陈晓林,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.2018.干旱区不同地下水埋深下胡杨细根空间分布特征.植物科学学报,36(1):45-53.
邓硕坤,廖树寿,黄柏华,等.2013.广西凭祥红锥人工林天然更新影响因素初探.广西林业科学,42(1):48-60.
何友均,梁星云,覃林,等.2013.南亚热带马尾松红椎人工林群落结构、物种多样性及基于自然的森林经营.林业科学,49(4):24-33.
黄晶晶,井家林,曹德昌,等.2013.不同林龄胡杨克隆繁殖根系分布特征及其构型.生态学报,33(14):4331-4342.
李合生.2000.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社.
林希昊,陈秋波,华元刚,等.2011.不同树龄橡胶林土壤水分和细根生物量.应用生态学报,22(2):331-336.
刘恩,王晖,刘世荣.2012.南亚热带不同林龄红锥人工林碳贮量与碳固定特征.应用生态学报,23(2):335-340.
孟鹏,张柏习,王曼.2018.科尔沁沙地赤松和樟子松根系生物量分配与构型特征.生态学杂志,37(10):2935-2941.
明安刚,刘世荣,莫慧华,等.2016.南亚热带红锥、杉木纯林与混交林碳贮量比较.生态学报,36(1):244-251.
倪薇,霍常富,王朋.2014.落叶松细根形态特征沿纬度梯度的可塑性.生态学杂志,33(9):2322-2329.
牛长海,梁宏,温远光,等.2010.26年生红椎人工林的生物量及其分配格局.中国科技纵横,(20):137-147.
史建伟,秦晴,陈建文.2015.柠条人工林细根不同分枝根序寿命估计.生态学报,35(12):4045-4052.
宋曰钦,翟明普,贾黎明,等.2010.不同年龄三倍体毛白杨纸浆林生长期间细根变化规律.生态学杂志,29(9):1696-1702.
苏瑾,王迪海.2016.黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林细根的衰老生理特征.生态学报,36(14):4423-4429.
苏樑,宋同清,杜虎,等.2018.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段细根生物量、形态特征及其影响因素.应用生态学报,29(3):783-789.
王竞红,张秀梅,陈艾,等.2018.紫穗槐幼苗根系生理特性和解剖结构对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应.生态学报,38(2):511-517.
王世伟,潘存德.2012.干旱区绿洲灌溉条件下不同树龄轮台白杏根系的空间分布.应用生态学报,23(9):2353-2360.
王韦韦,黄锦学,陈锋,等.2014.树种多样性对亚热带米槠林细根生物量和形态特征的影响.应用生态学报,25(2):318-324.
徐文静,王政权,范志强,等.2006.遮荫对水曲柳幼苗细根衰老的影响.植物生态学报,30(1):104-111.
杨萌,李永夫,李永春,等.2016.集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳氮库及酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,27(11):3455-3462.
尤健健,张文辉,邓磊,等.2017.间伐对黄龙山油松中龄林细根空间分布和形态特征的影响.生态学报,37(9):3065-3073.
Brja I,Nilsen P.2009.Long term effect of liming and fertilization on ectomycorrhizal colonization and tree growth in old Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)stands.Plant and Soil,314:109-119.
Bouillet JP,Laclau JP,Ardnaud M,et al.2002.Changes with age in the spatial distribution of roots of Eucalyptus clone in Congo:Impact of water and nutrient uptake.Forest Ecology and Management,171:43-57.
Brassard BW,Han Y,Chen H,et al.2013.Tree species diversity increases fine root productivity through increased soil volume filling.Journal of Ecology,101:210-219.
Chang RY,Fu BJ,Liu GH,et al.2012.Effects of soil physicochemical properties and stand age on fine root biomass and vertical distribution of plantation forests in the Loess Plateau of China.Ecological Research,27:827-836.
Finér L,Helmisaari HS,L7hmus K,et al.2007.Variation in fine root biomass of three European tree species:Beech(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruce(Picea abies L.Karst),and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.).Plant Biosystems,141:394-405.
Gei MG,Powers JS.2015.The influence of seasonality and species effects on surface fine roots and nodulation in tropical legume tree plantations.Plant and Soil,388:187-196.
Han SH,Yun S,Lee J,et al.2016.Estimating the production and mortality of fine roots using minirhizotrons in a Pinus densiflora forest in Gwangneung,Korea.Journal of Forestry Research,27:1029-1035.
Ifo SA,Koubouana F,Nganga D,et al.2015.Fine roots dynamics in a tropical moist forest:Case of two forest groves in the Congo Basin.Baltic Forestry,21:204-211.
Jian SQ,Zhao CY,Fang SM,et al.2015.The distribution of fine root length density for six artificial afforestation tree species in Loess Plateau of Northwest China.Forest Systems,24:2-15.
Krasowski MJ,Lavigne MB,Szuter MA,et al.2018.Age-related changes in survival and turnover rates of balsam fir(Abies balsamea(L.)Mill.)fine roots.Tree Physiology,38:865-876.
Lepplammi-Kujansuu J,Aro L,Salemaa M,et al.2014.Fine root longevity and carbon input into soil from below-and aboveground litter in climatically contrasting forests.Forest Ecology and Management,326:79-90.
Makita N,Pumpanen J,K9ster K,et al.2016.Changes in very fine root respiration and morphology with time since last fire in a boreal forest.Plant and Soil,402:303-316.
常恩浩,李鹏,刘莹,等.2016.黄土丘陵区油松林细根在坡面的空间分布特征.水土保持研究,23(5):28-34.
陈晓林,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.2018.干旱区不同地下水埋深下胡杨细根空间分布特征.植物科学学报,36(1):45-53.
邓硕坤,廖树寿,黄柏华,等.2013.广西凭祥红锥人工林天然更新影响因素初探.广西林业科学,42(1):48-60.
何友均,梁星云,覃林,等.2013.南亚热带马尾松红椎人工林群落结构、物种多样性及基于自然的森林经营.林业科学,49(4):24-33.
黄晶晶,井家林,曹德昌,等.2013.不同林龄胡杨克隆繁殖根系分布特征及其构型.生态学报,33(14):4331-4342.
李合生.2000.植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社.
林希昊,陈秋波,华元刚,等.2011.不同树龄橡胶林土壤水分和细根生物量.应用生态学报,22(2):331-336.
刘恩,王晖,刘世荣.2012.南亚热带不同林龄红锥人工林碳贮量与碳固定特征.应用生态学报,23(2):335-340.
孟鹏,张柏习,王曼.2018.科尔沁沙地赤松和樟子松根系生物量分配与构型特征.生态学杂志,37(10):2935-2941.
明安刚,刘世荣,莫慧华,等.2016.南亚热带红锥、杉木纯林与混交林碳贮量比较.生态学报,36(1):244-251.
倪薇,霍常富,王朋.2014.落叶松细根形态特征沿纬度梯度的可塑性.生态学杂志,33(9):2322-2329.
牛长海,梁宏,温远光,等.2010.26年生红椎人工林的生物量及其分配格局.中国科技纵横,(20):137-147.
史建伟,秦晴,陈建文.2015.柠条人工林细根不同分枝根序寿命估计.生态学报,35(12):4045-4052.
宋曰钦,翟明普,贾黎明,等.2010.不同年龄三倍体毛白杨纸浆林生长期间细根变化规律.生态学杂志,29(9):1696-1702.
苏瑾,王迪海.2016.黄土区不同林龄刺槐人工林细根的衰老生理特征.生态学报,36(14):4423-4429.
苏樑,宋同清,杜虎,等.2018.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复阶段细根生物量、形态特征及其影响因素.应用生态学报,29(3):783-789.
王竞红,张秀梅,陈艾,等.2018.紫穗槐幼苗根系生理特性和解剖结构对PEG-6000模拟干旱的响应.生态学报,38(2):511-517.
王世伟,潘存德.2012.干旱区绿洲灌溉条件下不同树龄轮台白杏根系的空间分布.应用生态学报,23(9):2353-2360.
王韦韦,黄锦学,陈锋,等.2014.树种多样性对亚热带米槠林细根生物量和形态特征的影响.应用生态学报,25(2):318-324.
徐文静,王政权,范志强,等.2006.遮荫对水曲柳幼苗细根衰老的影响.植物生态学报,30(1):104-111.
杨萌,李永夫,李永春,等.2016.集约经营对毛竹林土壤碳氮库及酶活性的影响.应用生态学报,27(11):3455-3462.
尤健健,张文辉,邓磊,等.2017.间伐对黄龙山油松中龄林细根空间分布和形态特征的影响.生态学报,37(9):3065-3073.
Brja I,Nilsen P.2009.Long term effect of liming and fertilization on ectomycorrhizal colonization and tree growth in old Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)stands.Plant and Soil,314:109-119.
Bouillet JP,Laclau JP,Ardnaud M,et al.2002.Changes with age in the spatial distribution of roots of Eucalyptus clone in Congo:Impact of water and nutrient uptake.Forest Ecology and Management,171:43-57.
Brassard BW,Han Y,Chen H,et al.2013.Tree species diversity increases fine root productivity through increased soil volume filling.Journal of Ecology,101:210-219.
Chang RY,Fu BJ,Liu GH,et al.2012.Effects of soil physicochemical properties and stand age on fine root biomass and vertical distribution of plantation forests in the Loess Plateau of China.Ecological Research,27:827-836.
Finér L,Helmisaari HS,L7hmus K,et al.2007.Variation in fine root biomass of three European tree species:Beech(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruce(Picea abies L.Karst),and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.).Plant Biosystems,141:394-405.
Gei MG,Powers JS.2015.The influence of seasonality and species effects on surface fine roots and nodulation in tropical legume tree plantations.Plant and Soil,388:187-196.
Han SH,Yun S,Lee J,et al.2016.Estimating the production and mortality of fine roots using minirhizotrons in a Pinus densiflora forest in Gwangneung,Korea.Journal of Forestry Research,27:1029-1035.
Ifo SA,Koubouana F,Nganga D,et al.2015.Fine roots dynamics in a tropical moist forest:Case of two forest groves in the Congo Basin.Baltic Forestry,21:204-211.
Jian SQ,Zhao CY,Fang SM,et al.2015.The distribution of fine root length density for six artificial afforestation tree species in Loess Plateau of Northwest China.Forest Systems,24:2-15.
Krasowski MJ,Lavigne MB,Szuter MA,et al.2018.Age-related changes in survival and turnover rates of balsam fir(Abies balsamea(L.)Mill.)fine roots.Tree Physiology,38:865-876.
Lepplammi-Kujansuu J,Aro L,Salemaa M,et al.2014.Fine root longevity and carbon input into soil from below-and aboveground litter in climatically contrasting forests.Forest Ecology and Management,326:79-90.
Makita N,Pumpanen J,K9ster K,et al.2016.Changes in very fine root respiration and morphology with time since last fire in a boreal forest.Plant and Soil,402:303-316.