新形势下我国海岸带经济发展特点研究
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摘要
海岸带经济是我国国民经济的重要组成部分,基于沿海地区、沿海城市和沿海县三个层面,总结了新形势下我国海岸带经济发展的新特点。研究表明:(1)我国沿海地区人均GDP已接近高收入国家水平;经济总量较大,占全国的比重超过50%,但经济增速明显慢于西部地区,中低速增长成为常态;沿海地区国土开发强度高于全国平均水平。(2)沿海城市GDP年均增速略低于全国平均水平(2013-2017年),北海、钦州和漳州位居前三; 52个沿海城市中, 51个沿海城市服务业已占主导地位;人均GDP区域间差异明显,深圳最高;沿海城市的土地开发强度高于全国和沿海地区平均水平。(3)在国家战略引导下,长三角、珠三角和京津冀三大都市经济圈在区域经济发展中的引领和带动作用增强。(4)沿海县是支撑沿海地区社会经济发展的重要力量之一,国家公布统计数据的127个沿海县的生产总值占11个沿海地区的14.1%,占沿海城市的23.83%(2016年)。
Coastal economy is an important part of China′s national economy. This paper summarizes the new characteristics of economic development in the China′s coastal zone from the perspectives of coastal regions, coastal cities, and coastal counties under the new situation. The study shows that:(1) China′ s per capita GDP is close to that of high-income countries, and the coastal regions account for more than 50% of the country′s total economic output with a larger share. However, the economy grows much slower in these places than in western areas, demonstrating a normal trajectory of growth at low-and medium-speed. Besides, the land development intensity in coastal regions is above the national average.(2) The average annual GDP in coastal cities grows slightly slower than the national average(2013-2017). Beihai, Qinzhou and Zhangzhou rank the top three in terms of growth rates. The economy in 51 coastal cities is dominated by the service industry among the 52 coastal cities. The per capita GDP varies a great deal from region to region, with Shenzhen being the highest. The land development intensity of coastal cities is higher than the national average and the national coastal average.(3) Guided by the national strategy, the three major metropolitan economic zones, i.e. the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, have played a strengthened role in leading and driving the regional economic development.(4) Coastal counties are one of the important forces supporting the socio-economic development of coastal regions. The GDP of 127 coastal counties, according to the national statistics,accounts for 14.1% of 11 coastal regions and 23.83% of coastal cities(2016).
Coastal economy is an important part of China′s national economy. This paper summarizes the new characteristics of economic development in the China′s coastal zone from the perspectives of coastal regions, coastal cities, and coastal counties under the new situation. The study shows that:(1) China′ s per capita GDP is close to that of high-income countries, and the coastal regions account for more than 50% of the country′s total economic output with a larger share. However, the economy grows much slower in these places than in western areas, demonstrating a normal trajectory of growth at low-and medium-speed. Besides, the land development intensity in coastal regions is above the national average.(2) The average annual GDP in coastal cities grows slightly slower than the national average(2013-2017). Beihai, Qinzhou and Zhangzhou rank the top three in terms of growth rates. The economy in 51 coastal cities is dominated by the service industry among the 52 coastal cities. The per capita GDP varies a great deal from region to region, with Shenzhen being the highest. The land development intensity of coastal cities is higher than the national average and the national coastal average.(3) Guided by the national strategy, the three major metropolitan economic zones, i.e. the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, have played a strengthened role in leading and driving the regional economic development.(4) Coastal counties are one of the important forces supporting the socio-economic development of coastal regions. The GDP of 127 coastal counties, according to the national statistics,accounts for 14.1% of 11 coastal regions and 23.83% of coastal cities(2016).
引文
[1]国家海洋局.中华人民共和国海洋行业标准《沿海行政区域分类与代码》(HY/T094-2006)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[2]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
[3]自然资源部.全国城市区域建设用地节约集约利用评价情况通报[EB/OL].(2018-08-23)[2018-12-10].http://gi.mlr.gov.cn/201808/t20180829_2183800.html.
[4]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
[5]国家统计局.区域发展战略成效显著发展格局呈现新面貌-改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告之十六[R/OL].(2018-09-13)[2018-12-10].http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztfx/ggkf40n/201809/t20180913_1622702.html.北京:国家统计局网站,2018-09-13。
[6]吕风勇、邹琳华.中国县域经济发展报告(2017)[R].北京:中国社会科学院竞争力实验室、中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院、华夏时报社,2017.
[7]国家统计局.中国县域经济统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
(1)全国55个沿海城市,潮州、三沙和儋州没有统计数据。
(2)唐山、广州城市建设用地面积用建成区面积近似替代,潮州、三沙、儋州缺少数据。
(3)由于城市统计年鉴中未公布乡村建设用地面积,无法计算国土开发强度(建设用地面积/城市土地总面积),故采用城市建设用地占市辖区土地面积之比近似替代。
[2]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
[3]自然资源部.全国城市区域建设用地节约集约利用评价情况通报[EB/OL].(2018-08-23)[2018-12-10].http://gi.mlr.gov.cn/201808/t20180829_2183800.html.
[4]国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
[5]国家统计局.区域发展战略成效显著发展格局呈现新面貌-改革开放40年经济社会发展成就系列报告之十六[R/OL].(2018-09-13)[2018-12-10].http://www.stats.gov.cn/ztjc/ztfx/ggkf40n/201809/t20180913_1622702.html.北京:国家统计局网站,2018-09-13。
[6]吕风勇、邹琳华.中国县域经济发展报告(2017)[R].北京:中国社会科学院竞争力实验室、中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院、华夏时报社,2017.
[7]国家统计局.中国县域经济统计年鉴2017[M].北京:海洋出版社,2018.
(1)全国55个沿海城市,潮州、三沙和儋州没有统计数据。
(2)唐山、广州城市建设用地面积用建成区面积近似替代,潮州、三沙、儋州缺少数据。
(3)由于城市统计年鉴中未公布乡村建设用地面积,无法计算国土开发强度(建设用地面积/城市土地总面积),故采用城市建设用地占市辖区土地面积之比近似替代。