海南省60多年来降雨量及降雨侵蚀力变化趋势
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摘要
为了分析海南省降雨量、侵蚀性降雨量及降雨侵蚀力在不同时间尺度上的变化趋势及其相关性,根据该地区1952～2015年的日降雨量数据资料,采用变异系数、趋势系数和气候趋势率等方法分析不同时间尺度的降雨、侵蚀性降雨和降雨侵蚀力的变化趋势。结果表明:①1952～2015年海南省年平均降雨侵蚀力和降雨量分别为514.96 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h)和1 751.50 mm。降雨侵蚀力和降雨总量年际波动显著,年均侵蚀性降雨量、年均降雨量、年均降雨侵蚀力变异系数分别为24.43%、24.14%、21.71%。且年内变化较大,均主要集中在5～10月。②总体上春冬降雨侵蚀力呈减少趋势,趋势系数分别为-0.008、-0.002,夏秋降雨侵蚀力呈增加趋势,趋势系数分别为0.21、0.14。③月降雨量和降雨侵蚀力的变化趋势基本一致,5、7、8、10月降雨量呈增加趋势,趋势系数分别为0.08、0.22、0.04、0.30;5、7、8、10、12月降雨侵蚀力呈增加趋势,趋势系数分别为0.07、0.34、0.16、0.44、0.10。④相关分析表明,年降雨量、年侵蚀性降雨量和年降雨侵蚀力这三者之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数均大于0.99。本研究结果可为该地区及海南省水土流失防治及土壤侵蚀机理研究提供数据和理论支撑。
Based on the daily rainfall data of the region from 1952 to 2015, it was analyzed the variation trends of rainfall, erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity at different time scales by using variation coefficient, trend coefficient and climatic trend rate, so as to analyze the variation trend and correlation of rainfall, erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity at different time scales in Hainan Province. The results show that:① The annual average rainfall erosivity and rainfall in Hainan Province during the 60 years from 1952 to 2015 are 514.96 MJ mm/(hm~2·h) and 1751.50 mm, respectively. The annual fluctuation of rainfall erosivity and total rainfall is significant, with the variability coefficients of annual erosive rainfall, annual average rainfall and annual average rainfall erosivity of 24.43%, 24.14% and 21.71%, respectively. In the meantime, the change in the year is large, mainly concentrated from May to October. ② In general, rainfall erosivity in spring and winter seasons showed a decreasing trend, with trend coefficients of-0.008 and-0.002, respectively, and that in summer and autumn seasons showed an increasing trend, with trend coefficients of 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. ③The variation trend of monthly rainfall and rainfall erosivity are basically the same. Rainfall increases in May, July, August and October, with trend coefficients of 0.08, 0.22, 0.04 and 0.30, respectively. While the rainfall erosivity increases in May, July, August, October and December with trend coefficients of 0.07, 0.34, 0.16, 0.44 and 0.10, respectively. ④ The correlation analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation among annual rainfall, annual erosive rainfall and annual rainfall erosivity, with the correlation coefficients of greater than 0.99. The results of this study can provide data and theoretical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion and the study of soil erosion mechanism in this region and Hainan Province.
Based on the daily rainfall data of the region from 1952 to 2015, it was analyzed the variation trends of rainfall, erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity at different time scales by using variation coefficient, trend coefficient and climatic trend rate, so as to analyze the variation trend and correlation of rainfall, erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity at different time scales in Hainan Province. The results show that:① The annual average rainfall erosivity and rainfall in Hainan Province during the 60 years from 1952 to 2015 are 514.96 MJ mm/(hm~2·h) and 1751.50 mm, respectively. The annual fluctuation of rainfall erosivity and total rainfall is significant, with the variability coefficients of annual erosive rainfall, annual average rainfall and annual average rainfall erosivity of 24.43%, 24.14% and 21.71%, respectively. In the meantime, the change in the year is large, mainly concentrated from May to October. ② In general, rainfall erosivity in spring and winter seasons showed a decreasing trend, with trend coefficients of-0.008 and-0.002, respectively, and that in summer and autumn seasons showed an increasing trend, with trend coefficients of 0.21 and 0.14, respectively. ③The variation trend of monthly rainfall and rainfall erosivity are basically the same. Rainfall increases in May, July, August and October, with trend coefficients of 0.08, 0.22, 0.04 and 0.30, respectively. While the rainfall erosivity increases in May, July, August, October and December with trend coefficients of 0.07, 0.34, 0.16, 0.44 and 0.10, respectively. ④ The correlation analysis shows that there is a significant positive correlation among annual rainfall, annual erosive rainfall and annual rainfall erosivity, with the correlation coefficients of greater than 0.99. The results of this study can provide data and theoretical support for the prevention and control of soil erosion and the study of soil erosion mechanism in this region and Hainan Province.
引文
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[13]罗健,荣艳淑,陈乐,等.广东省1960～2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析[J].水文,2010,30(1):79-83
[14]范建容,严冬,郭祥,等.GIS支持下的长江上游降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):92-96
[15]黄凤琴,第宝锋,黄成敏,等.基于日降雨量的年均降雨侵蚀力估算模型及其应用——以四川省凉山州为例[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):55-64
[16]于泳,高强,高华斌.湖北省降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征初步研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):18-22
[17]李静,刘志红,李锐.黄土高原不同地貌类型区降雨侵蚀力的时空特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):124-127
[18]曾红娟,杨胜天,王凌,等.海南省松涛水库流域土壤侵蚀及控制方案[J].地理研究,2009,28(5):1198-1206
[19]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):68-70
[20]宁丽丹,石辉.利用日降雨量资料估算西南地区的降雨侵蚀力[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):183-186
[21]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960～2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2003,32(2):245-256
[22]赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960～2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-167
[23]王枫叶,刘普幸.酒泉绿洲近45年日照时数的变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(4):999-1004
[24]吴艳,白建勤,张晓萍,等.基于日雨量的长武县53年来降雨量及侵蚀力演变趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):38-42
[25]史东梅,江东,卢喜平,等.重庆涪陵区降雨侵蚀力时间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(9):16-21
[2]王万中,张宪奎.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(I)[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(4):7
[3]边柳,高强,张海军.河南省降雨侵蚀力空间分布特征[J].中国水土保持,2009(3):23-24
[4]李巍,张文超,毛学刚,等.黑龙江省降雨侵蚀力空间分布研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(24):155-157,220
[5]杨轩,梁音,方继青,等.基于日降雨信息的月降雨侵蚀力模型[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):216-222
[6]Richardson C W, et al.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Trans.of ASAE,1983,26(1):153-157
[7]吴素业.安徽大别山区降雨侵蚀力指标的研究[J].中国水土保持,1992(2):32-33
[8]周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,1(9):13-18
[9]黄炎和,卢程隆,郑添发,等.闽东南降雨侵蚀力指标R值的研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(4):1-5
[10]孙保平,等.USLE在西吉县黄土丘陵沟壑区的应用[J].西北水土保持研究所集刊,1990(12):50-103
[11]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705
[12]殷水清,谢云,王春刚.用小时降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力的方法[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):541
[13]罗健,荣艳淑,陈乐,等.广东省1960～2007年降雨侵蚀力变化趋势分析[J].水文,2010,30(1):79-83
[14]范建容,严冬,郭祥,等.GIS支持下的长江上游降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):92-96
[15]黄凤琴,第宝锋,黄成敏,等.基于日降雨量的年均降雨侵蚀力估算模型及其应用——以四川省凉山州为例[J].山地学报,2013,31(1):55-64
[16]于泳,高强,高华斌.湖北省降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征初步研究[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(3):18-22
[17]李静,刘志红,李锐.黄土高原不同地貌类型区降雨侵蚀力的时空特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):124-127
[18]曾红娟,杨胜天,王凌,等.海南省松涛水库流域土壤侵蚀及控制方案[J].地理研究,2009,28(5):1198-1206
[19]胡续礼,潘剑君,杨树江,等.几种降雨侵蚀力模型的比较研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):68-70
[20]宁丽丹,石辉.利用日降雨量资料估算西南地区的降雨侵蚀力[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(4):183-186
[21]刘斌涛,陶和平,宋春风,等.1960～2009年中国降雨侵蚀力的时空变化趋势[J].地理研究,2003,32(2):245-256
[22]赖成光,陈晓宏,王兆礼,等.珠江流域1960～2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):159-167
[23]王枫叶,刘普幸.酒泉绿洲近45年日照时数的变化特征分析[J].高原气象,2010,29(4):999-1004
[24]吴艳,白建勤,张晓萍,等.基于日雨量的长武县53年来降雨量及侵蚀力演变趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):38-42
[25]史东梅,江东,卢喜平,等.重庆涪陵区降雨侵蚀力时间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(9):16-21
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