亲水/水下超疏油的油水分离膜的制备及性能
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摘要
近年来,膜技术在油水分离中的应用受到了研究者的广泛关注。将ZnO纳米线与氧化石墨烯(GO)片层掺混,利用真空抽滤手段,在聚偏氟乙烯支撑层上制备ZnO/GO薄膜。试验证明,ZnO纳米线在GO纳米片层间的穿插,改进了GO薄膜的内部结构和表面性质,使得薄膜的各项性能均得到改善和提升。ZnO/GO薄膜呈现出亲水和水下超疏油的性质,亲水角和水下亲油角分别为65°和175°;同时,提高膜渗透性能,纯水通量高达2 100 L/(m~2·h),为纯GO薄膜的32倍;在油水分离试验中,ZnO/GO薄膜表现出良好的油水分离性能和抗油污染性能,出水的油含量低于5 mg/L,膜通量恢复率高于80%;在分离实际含油废水时,ZnO/GO薄膜保持良好的抗污染性能和分离性能,通量衰减率为5 L/(m~2·h·min),通量恢复率为80%,分离效率约为92.8%。综上,ZnO/GO薄膜是一种新型高效的油水分离膜,在含油废水处理领域具有良好的研究和应用前景。
Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention recently. The hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were obtained by assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and zinc oxide(ZnO) nanowires with the assistance of vacuum filtration. The water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle of prepared ZnO/GO membrane were 65° and 175°, respectively, showing its hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. The permeability of ZnO/GO membrane was improved and the pure water flux was 2 100 L/(m~2·h), which was more than 32 times that of the pristine GO membrane. ZnO/GO membrane showed excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling ability, as residual oil in filtrate was below 5 mg/L after separation and flux recovery ratio was over 80%. Moreover, for treating practical wastewater, ZnO/GO membrane maintained great anti-oil-fouling ability and separation efficiency, as flux decline rate was 5 L/(m~2·h·min), flux recovery ratio was 80% and separation efficiency was about 92.8%. All enhanced properties of ZnO/GO membrane enlighten the great prospects in oil-water treatment.
Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention recently. The hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were obtained by assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and zinc oxide(ZnO) nanowires with the assistance of vacuum filtration. The water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle of prepared ZnO/GO membrane were 65° and 175°, respectively, showing its hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties. The permeability of ZnO/GO membrane was improved and the pure water flux was 2 100 L/(m~2·h), which was more than 32 times that of the pristine GO membrane. ZnO/GO membrane showed excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling ability, as residual oil in filtrate was below 5 mg/L after separation and flux recovery ratio was over 80%. Moreover, for treating practical wastewater, ZnO/GO membrane maintained great anti-oil-fouling ability and separation efficiency, as flux decline rate was 5 L/(m~2·h·min), flux recovery ratio was 80% and separation efficiency was about 92.8%. All enhanced properties of ZnO/GO membrane enlighten the great prospects in oil-water treatment.
引文
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[2] MA Q, CHENG H, FANE A G, et al. Recent development of advanced materials with special wettability for selective oil/water separation[J]. Small, 2016, 12(16):2186-2202.
[3] 解宏端,刑文东,杨雨桐,等.含油废水处理技术现状及发展趋势[J].科技资讯,2015,13(18):137-139.
[4] 田强.含油废水处理技术研究进展[J].城市建设理论研究:电子版,2015(1):3034-3035.
[5] KOCHERGINSKY N M, TAN C L, LU W F. Demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions via filtration through a hydrophilic polymer membrane[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 20(1-2):117-128.
[6] 李亮,王聪颖,杨丽利,等.超疏水膜用于含油废水处理过程机理及研究进展[J].环境工程,2015,33(1):40-44.
[7] 蒋学彬.膜分离技术在石油工业含油污水处理中的应用研究进展[J].油气田环境保护,2015(5):77-80.
[8] WANG Z, LIN S. Membrane fouling and wetting in membrane distillation and their mitigation by novel membranes with special wettability[J]. Water Research, 2017, 112:38-47.
[9] QIN D, LIU Z, BAI H, et al. A new nano-engineered hierarchical membrane for concurrent removal of surfactant and oil from oil-in-water nanoemulsion[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:24365.
[10] 刘璀静,徐丽,张培斌,等.油水分离膜的表/界面设计与结构调控[J].科技导报,2015,33(14):51-58.
[11] HEGAB H M, ZOU L. Graphene oxide-assisted membranes: Fabrication and potential applications in desalination and water purification[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 40(12):95-106.
[12] GOH P S, ISMAIL A F. Graphene-based nanomaterial: The state-of-the-art material for cutting edge desalination technology[J]. Desalination, 2015, 50(2):115-128.
[13] CHEN C, YANG Q H, YANG Y, et al. Self-assembled free-standing graphite oxide membrane[J]. Advanced Materials, 2009, 21(29):3007-3011.
[14] HAN Y, JIANG Y, GAO C. High-flux graphene oxide nanofiltration membrane intercalated by carbon nanotubes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(15):8147-8155.
[15] 赵铧,李韦,刘高斌,等.ZnO纳米材料及掺杂ZnO材料的最新研究进展[J].材料导报,2007,21(s3):105-109.
[16] 王兵.氧化锌纳米线材料的制备和性质研究[D].天津:河北工业大学,2012.
[17] 白慧萍,卢旭晓,谭琳,等.氧化锌纳米线的制备及其应用研究[J].云南化工,2007,34(6):49-53.
[18] SILALAHI S H D, LEIKNES T O. Cleaning strategies in ceramic microfiltration membranes fouled by oil and particulate matter in produced water[J]. Desalination, 2009, 236(1-3):160-169.
[19] WENZEL R N. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1936, 28(8):988-994.