叶尔羌河平原绿洲土地利用变化及土地生态安全评价研究
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摘要
以叶尔羌河平原绿洲为研究区,选择1991年、2005年、2016年Landsat遥感影像数据,利用RS和GIS技术对研究区的土地利用进行了定量的提取和分析,同时,通过近26a社会经济数据,采用压力–状态–响应(PSR)模型构建了研究区土地生态安全评价指标体系,并利用熵值法确定了各指标权重,运用综合指数评价法从时间尺度上对1991—2016年26a间研究区土地生态安全水平进行了综合评价。结果表明:①1991—2016年除耕地、建设用地面积增加外,研究区其他地类面积均减小,林地面积减少最大为47.12%。②近26a研究区土地生态安全综合指数大致呈现递增趋势,其中,1991—2007年均处于风险级,2008—2016年土地生态环境有所改善,但安全等级处于敏感级,土地生态环境仍较差。③改善研究区土地生态安全状况,需要加大资金投入力度,促进生态建设,加强土地利用监督管理,控制人口增长,缓解人地矛盾,为实现土地生态安全的可持续发展奠定良好的基础。
Taking the oasis of the Yarkant River Plain as the study area, Landsat remote sensing images in 1991, 2005 and 2016 were selected, and land use types were quantitatively extracted and analyzed by using RS and GIS techniques, and social and economic data in the same periods were used to extract and analyze to construct the evaluation index system of land ecological security by using PSR model, the weight of each index was determined by entropy method, and then the land ecological security levels from 1991 to 2016 were evaluated synthetically by using the method of comprehensive index evaluation on the time scale. The results showed that during 1991—2016, except for cultivated land and construction land, the areas of other land use types decreased, and woodland decreased most, by 47.12%. The comprehensive index of land ecological security in the oasis of Yarkant River Plain showed an increasing trend, among which, it was at the risk level during 1991—2007, and changed to the sensitive level in 2018—2—16 with the improvement of land ecological environment, but it still indicated a poor land ecological environment. To improve the land ecological security of the oasis in the Yarkant River Plain, it is necessary to increase the fund investment to promote the ecological construction in strengthening land use supervision and management, controlling population growth and alleviating contradiction between people and land in order to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of land ecological security.
Taking the oasis of the Yarkant River Plain as the study area, Landsat remote sensing images in 1991, 2005 and 2016 were selected, and land use types were quantitatively extracted and analyzed by using RS and GIS techniques, and social and economic data in the same periods were used to extract and analyze to construct the evaluation index system of land ecological security by using PSR model, the weight of each index was determined by entropy method, and then the land ecological security levels from 1991 to 2016 were evaluated synthetically by using the method of comprehensive index evaluation on the time scale. The results showed that during 1991—2016, except for cultivated land and construction land, the areas of other land use types decreased, and woodland decreased most, by 47.12%. The comprehensive index of land ecological security in the oasis of Yarkant River Plain showed an increasing trend, among which, it was at the risk level during 1991—2007, and changed to the sensitive level in 2018—2—16 with the improvement of land ecological environment, but it still indicated a poor land ecological environment. To improve the land ecological security of the oasis in the Yarkant River Plain, it is necessary to increase the fund investment to promote the ecological construction in strengthening land use supervision and management, controlling population growth and alleviating contradiction between people and land in order to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of land ecological security.
引文
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[25]黄木易,何翔.基于云模型与熵权法的安徽省土地生态安全评价研究[J].土壤, 2016, 48(5):1049–1054
[26]焦红,汪洋.基于PSR模型的佳木斯市土地生态安全综合评价[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2016, 37(11):29–36
[27]王宏卫,段魏魏,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.新疆干旱区于田绿洲生态安全评价及影响因子研究[J].水土保持研究,2015, 22(3):247–252, 258
[28]罗维,易海杰,李红举,等.洋河流域土地利用时空变异及其对生态服务功能价值的影响[J].生态学报, 2017,37(16):5342–5351
[2]黄木易,褚楚,何翔.皖江城市带示范区土地资源生态安全警情测度及时空分析[J].土壤, 2017, 49(4):846–852
[3]王东芳,张飞,周梅,等.基于多种空间静态指标的土地生态安全评价——以精河县为例[J].安全与环境学报,2017, 17(2):753–759
[4]吴绍华,虞燕娜,朱江,等.土壤生态系统服务的概念、量化及其对城市化的响应[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(5):970–978
[5]陈姗姗,刘康,李婷,等.基于In VEST模型的商洛市水土保持生态服务功能研究[J].土壤学报, 2016, 53(3):800–807
[6]黄辉玲,罗文斌,吴次芳,等.基于物元分析的土地生态安全评价[J].农业工程学报, 2010, 26(3):316–322
[7]陈西蕊,张蓉珍.基于P-S-R模型的陕西省土地资源生态安全动态评价[J].南方农业学报, 2011, 42(2):224–228
[8]范瑞锭,陈松林,戴菲,等.福建省土地利用生态安全评价[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 26(5):97–101,108
[9]张雪琪,满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞.基于生态系统服务的叶尔羌河平原绿洲生态经济协调发展分析[J].环境科学研究, 2018, 31(6):1114–1122
[10]张雪琪,满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞.基于生态足迹改进模型的叶尔羌河平原绿洲生态安全评价[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(9):840–849
[11]陈钟望,杨汉波,陈东.叶尔羌河绿洲近20年来地下水埋深变化及其原因分析[J].水利发电学报, 2016, 35(6):58–66
[12]程仲雷,海米提·依米提,戚印鑫.新疆叶尔羌河流域山区降水与平原河川径流关系研究[J].水电能源科学,2012, 30(1):6–8, 213
[13]张雪琪,满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞.近60年来叶尔羌河平原绿洲气候变化特征分析[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 36(3):17–24
[14]孙本国,毛炜峄,冯燕茹,等.叶尔羌河流域气温、降水及径流变化特征分析[J].干旱区研究, 2006, 23(2):203–209
[15]满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞,张雪琪.托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化及驱动力分析[J].冰川冻土,2017, 39(6):1241–1248
[16]全斌,宋慧,李朝奎,等.泉州土地利用变化与区域比较[J].土壤, 2015, 47(6):1199–1208
[17] Han B L, Liu H X, Wang R S. Urban ecological security assessment for cities in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei metropolitan region based on fuzzy and entropy methods[J].Ecological Modelling, 2015, 318:217–225
[18]张茹,戴文婷,刘兆顺,等.我国北方农牧交错区土地生态安全评价——以白城市为例[J].水土保持研究,2017, 24(2):259–266
[19]于海洋,张飞,王娟,等.博尔塔拉蒙古自治州近20年土地生态安全评价与趋势分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(2):760–767
[20]张广朋,徐海量,杜清,等.近20a叶尔羌河流域生态服务价值对土地利用/覆被变化的响应[J].干旱区研究,2016, 33(6):1303–1310
[21]郭宇伦,师学义,璩路路,等.基于PSR—CPM模型的市域土地生态安全评价[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(4):108–112
[22]侯玉乐,李钢,渠俊峰,等.基于改进灰靶模型的土地生态安全评价——以江苏省徐州市为例[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(1):285–290
[23]马倩,张洋,赵枫.基于PSR模型的干旱区绿洲城市生态安全评价——以乌鲁木齐市为例[J].土壤通报, 2011,42(5):1225–1230
[24]马轩凯,高敏华.西北干旱地区绿洲城市土地生态安全动态评价——以新疆库尔勒市为例[J].干旱区地理, 2017,40(1):172–180
[25]黄木易,何翔.基于云模型与熵权法的安徽省土地生态安全评价研究[J].土壤, 2016, 48(5):1049–1054
[26]焦红,汪洋.基于PSR模型的佳木斯市土地生态安全综合评价[J].中国农业资源与区划, 2016, 37(11):29–36
[27]王宏卫,段魏魏,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.新疆干旱区于田绿洲生态安全评价及影响因子研究[J].水土保持研究,2015, 22(3):247–252, 258
[28]罗维,易海杰,李红举,等.洋河流域土地利用时空变异及其对生态服务功能价值的影响[J].生态学报, 2017,37(16):5342–5351