生防菌剂与不同有机肥复配对植烟土壤微生物区系的影响
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摘要
土壤微生物区系是衡量土壤生物肥力及其健康状况的重要生物学指标。为研究生防菌剂与有机肥复配对植烟土壤微生物区系的影响,通过田间小区试验,采取双因素完全组合设计试验,测定不同处理下各时期植烟土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量。结果表明,生防菌剂与有机肥复配能增加植烟土壤细菌、放线菌的数量,减少真菌数量。菌剂与牛粪复配在烤烟旺长期和成熟期细菌数量比单施牛粪增加101%和276%;菌剂与氨基酸有机肥和牛粪复配土壤放线菌数量远高于其他处理,尤其是旺长期氨基酸有机肥复配高出其他处理205.2×10~4～277.3×10~4cfu/g。菌剂与虾肽有机肥复配对土壤真菌抑制效果最好,真菌数量在烤烟生长周期均处于较低水平。综上,生防菌剂与牛粪复配能有效改善植烟土壤微生物区系,使其由"真菌型"向"细菌型"转变,是适合攀枝花烟区施用生防菌剂和有机肥的最佳组合方式。
Soil microbial flora is an important biological index to measure soil biological fertility and health status.The paper aims to study the effects of the combination of biocontrol agents and organic fertilizers on the microflora of tobacco planting soil.In field plot experiments,we designed tests with two factors and complete combination,determined the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in tobacco soil of different treatments in different periods.The results showed that:the combination of biocontrol agent and organic fertilizer could roughly increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduce the number of fungi in tobacco planting soil.In flue-cured flourishing period and maturity period,the number of bacteria under the combination of microbial inoculum and cow manure increased by 101%and 276%over cow manure alone.Under the combination of microbial inoculum and cow manure or amino acid organic fertilizer,the number of actinomycetes was much more than that of other tests,especially during the boom period,the number of actinomycetes under the combination of microbial inoculum and amino acid organic fertilizer was higher than that of other treatments by 205.2×10~4-277.3×10~4 cfu/g.The combination of microbial inoculum and the shrimp peptide organic fertilizer had the best effect on soil fungi inhibiting,the number of fungi in flue-cured tobacco growth cycle was at a low level.In summary,the combination of biocontrol agent and cow manure can effectively improve the microflora of tobacco planting soil,change it from‘fungal type’to‘bacterial type’.It is the most suitable combination for Panzhihua tobacco area.
Soil microbial flora is an important biological index to measure soil biological fertility and health status.The paper aims to study the effects of the combination of biocontrol agents and organic fertilizers on the microflora of tobacco planting soil.In field plot experiments,we designed tests with two factors and complete combination,determined the number of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in tobacco soil of different treatments in different periods.The results showed that:the combination of biocontrol agent and organic fertilizer could roughly increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduce the number of fungi in tobacco planting soil.In flue-cured flourishing period and maturity period,the number of bacteria under the combination of microbial inoculum and cow manure increased by 101%and 276%over cow manure alone.Under the combination of microbial inoculum and cow manure or amino acid organic fertilizer,the number of actinomycetes was much more than that of other tests,especially during the boom period,the number of actinomycetes under the combination of microbial inoculum and amino acid organic fertilizer was higher than that of other treatments by 205.2×10~4-277.3×10~4 cfu/g.The combination of microbial inoculum and the shrimp peptide organic fertilizer had the best effect on soil fungi inhibiting,the number of fungi in flue-cured tobacco growth cycle was at a low level.In summary,the combination of biocontrol agent and cow manure can effectively improve the microflora of tobacco planting soil,change it from‘fungal type’to‘bacterial type’.It is the most suitable combination for Panzhihua tobacco area.
引文
[1]张继光,申国明,张久权,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(3):95-99.
[2]王蒙蒙,朱金峰,许自成,等.烤烟连作土壤微生物数量及烤烟品质变化的比较[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(12):50-54.
[3]贾健,朱金峰,杜修智,等.不同种植模式对烤烟根际土壤微生物、土壤养分和烟叶质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(10):2300-2306.
[4]刘晔,姜瑛,王国文,等.不同连作年限对植烟土壤理化性状及微生物区系的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(13):136-140.
[5]杨甲华,余佳玲.烟草连作障碍因子及其解决途径研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2016(8):113-116.
[6] Zhang X H, Zhang E H, Lang D Y. Autotoxic compounds from rhizosphere soil of Humulus lupulus L. extracts:identification and biological activity[J]. Agronomy Journal,2011,103(3):695-701.
[7]杨双剑.有机施肥模式对植烟土壤微生态的调控研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[8]艾童非,杨鹏九,费洪波,等.微生物菌剂有机肥对植烟土壤环境及烤烟产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(18):99-102.
[9]周向平,郭军,王敏,等.生防菌剂对烟草主要土传病害防治效果研究[J].作物研究,2016,30(2):177-181.
[10]张良.复合菌剂对烤烟生长发育及土壤微生物学特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[11]张继光,申国明,张久权,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(3):95-99.
[12]李想,刘艳霞,陆宁,等.综合生物防控烟草青枯病及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):216-226.
[13]殷全玉,王岩,赵铭钦,等.我国植烟土壤微生物研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):73-77.
[14]丁梦娇,黄莺,易维洁,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤氮素转化与功能微生物的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1166-1171.
[15]唐莉娜,张秋芳,陈顺辉.不同有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物群落PLFAs和烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(1):36-40.
[16]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2551-2556.
[17]赵佳,杜宾,聂园军,等.施用生物有机肥对连作黄瓜生长及根际微环境的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2017,30(1):31-34.
[18]谭萍,王仁刚,田红,等.两种烟草根结线虫生防菌对土壤中微生物数量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(4):69-71.
[19]何虓,王强义,王明旭,等.生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对植烟土壤理化性质、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2017(1):22-24.
[20]孟品品,刘星,邱慧珍,等.连作马铃薯根际土壤真菌种群结构及其生物效应[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3079-3086.
[21]郑开英,凌宁,张鹏,等.专用生物有机肥对营养钵西瓜苗生长和根际微生物的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):103-109.
[22]赵军,李勇,冉炜,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(4):594-602.
[23]吕卫光,杨广超,沈其荣,等.有机肥对连作西瓜生长和土壤微生物区系的影响[J].上海农业学报,2006,22(4):96-98.
[24]许艳丽,张红骥,张匀华,等.施用根腐病省防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响[J].大豆科学,2007,26(2):198-203.
[25]赵佳,杜宾,聂园军,等.施用生物有机肥对连作黄瓜生长及根际微环境的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2017,30(1):31-34.
[26]钟书堂,沈宗专,孙逸飞,等.生物有机肥对连作蕉园香蕉生产和土壤可培养微生物区系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):481-489.
[27]张鹏,韦中,朱震,等.生物有机肥对连作番茄和辣椒根际土壤微生物区系及茄科雷尔氏菌的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(4):77-82.
[28]汪莹,李红丽,王岩.不同施肥处理对烤烟根际土壤微生物菌群及烟叶品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(5):2030-2034.
[29]李想,刘艳霞,陆宁,等.综合生物防控烟草青枯病及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):216-226.
[30] Lang J, Hu J, Ran W, et al. Control of cotton verticillium wilt and fungal diversity of rhizophere soils by bio-organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(2):191-203.
[31]张瑞福,沈其荣.抑病型土壤的微生物区系特征及调控[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):125-132.
[32] Song X H, Xie K, Zhao H B, et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth, yield, fruit quality, and soil microorganisms in a pear orchard[J]. European Journal of Horticultural Science,2012,77(5):204-210.
[33]高雪莲,邓开英,张鹏,等.不同生物有机肥对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果及对根际土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(6):55-60.
[34]张静,杨江舟,胡伟,等.生物有机肥对大豆红冠腐病及土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):548-554.
[2]王蒙蒙,朱金峰,许自成,等.烤烟连作土壤微生物数量及烤烟品质变化的比较[J].江西农业学报,2015,27(12):50-54.
[3]贾健,朱金峰,杜修智,等.不同种植模式对烤烟根际土壤微生物、土壤养分和烟叶质量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(10):2300-2306.
[4]刘晔,姜瑛,王国文,等.不同连作年限对植烟土壤理化性状及微生物区系的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(13):136-140.
[5]杨甲华,余佳玲.烟草连作障碍因子及其解决途径研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2016(8):113-116.
[6] Zhang X H, Zhang E H, Lang D Y. Autotoxic compounds from rhizosphere soil of Humulus lupulus L. extracts:identification and biological activity[J]. Agronomy Journal,2011,103(3):695-701.
[7]杨双剑.有机施肥模式对植烟土壤微生态的调控研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[8]艾童非,杨鹏九,费洪波,等.微生物菌剂有机肥对植烟土壤环境及烤烟产质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(18):99-102.
[9]周向平,郭军,王敏,等.生防菌剂对烟草主要土传病害防治效果研究[J].作物研究,2016,30(2):177-181.
[10]张良.复合菌剂对烤烟生长发育及土壤微生物学特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[11]张继光,申国明,张久权,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(3):95-99.
[12]李想,刘艳霞,陆宁,等.综合生物防控烟草青枯病及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):216-226.
[13]殷全玉,王岩,赵铭钦,等.我国植烟土壤微生物研究进展[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(1):73-77.
[14]丁梦娇,黄莺,易维洁,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤氮素转化与功能微生物的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1166-1171.
[15]唐莉娜,张秋芳,陈顺辉.不同有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤微生物群落PLFAs和烤烟品质的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2010,16(1):36-40.
[16]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等.不同有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(9):2551-2556.
[17]赵佳,杜宾,聂园军,等.施用生物有机肥对连作黄瓜生长及根际微环境的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2017,30(1):31-34.
[18]谭萍,王仁刚,田红,等.两种烟草根结线虫生防菌对土壤中微生物数量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2016(4):69-71.
[19]何虓,王强义,王明旭,等.生物有机肥与烟草专用复合肥配施对植烟土壤理化性质、微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2017(1):22-24.
[20]孟品品,刘星,邱慧珍,等.连作马铃薯根际土壤真菌种群结构及其生物效应[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(11):3079-3086.
[21]郑开英,凌宁,张鹏,等.专用生物有机肥对营养钵西瓜苗生长和根际微生物的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(2):103-109.
[22]赵军,李勇,冉炜,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(4):594-602.
[23]吕卫光,杨广超,沈其荣,等.有机肥对连作西瓜生长和土壤微生物区系的影响[J].上海农业学报,2006,22(4):96-98.
[24]许艳丽,张红骥,张匀华,等.施用根腐病省防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤微生物区系的影响[J].大豆科学,2007,26(2):198-203.
[25]赵佳,杜宾,聂园军,等.施用生物有机肥对连作黄瓜生长及根际微环境的影响[J].中国瓜菜,2017,30(1):31-34.
[26]钟书堂,沈宗专,孙逸飞,等.生物有机肥对连作蕉园香蕉生产和土壤可培养微生物区系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):481-489.
[27]张鹏,韦中,朱震,等.生物有机肥对连作番茄和辣椒根际土壤微生物区系及茄科雷尔氏菌的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2013,36(4):77-82.
[28]汪莹,李红丽,王岩.不同施肥处理对烤烟根际土壤微生物菌群及烟叶品质的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(5):2030-2034.
[29]李想,刘艳霞,陆宁,等.综合生物防控烟草青枯病及其对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):216-226.
[30] Lang J, Hu J, Ran W, et al. Control of cotton verticillium wilt and fungal diversity of rhizophere soils by bio-organic fertilizer[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(2):191-203.
[31]张瑞福,沈其荣.抑病型土壤的微生物区系特征及调控[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(5):125-132.
[32] Song X H, Xie K, Zhao H B, et al. Effects of different organic fertilizers on tree growth, yield, fruit quality, and soil microorganisms in a pear orchard[J]. European Journal of Horticultural Science,2012,77(5):204-210.
[33]高雪莲,邓开英,张鹏,等.不同生物有机肥对甜瓜土传枯萎病防治效果及对根际土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(6):55-60.
[34]张静,杨江舟,胡伟,等.生物有机肥对大豆红冠腐病及土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):548-554.
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