渭河干流宝鸡段水资源边际效益的研究
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摘要
传统的水资源分配只注重水资源能带来的经济效益,忽视了其在生态环境中的价值,不利于河流水资源的可持续管理。将河道生态基流视作一类用水部门,通过建立河道生态基流边际效益的计算方法,计算留存在河道中的水资源的边际效益,利用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,计算三次产业的水资源边际效益,可实现效益最大化下水资源的简单分配。以渭河干流宝鸡段枯水期为例对所建立的方法进行计算,结果表明:2001-2015年第二产业和第三产业的水资源用量少,而边际效益高,可维持现状;河道生态基流和第一产业的水资源边际效益年均值低于5元/m~3,可使两者的边际效益相等,求出枯水期同时满足经济效益和生态效益时的水量为10 m~3/s,此时水资源边际效益为1元/m~3。
A key limitation of traditional water resources allocation was that,it only paid attention to the economic benefit of water resources and overlooked its value in the ecological environment,against sustainable management of the rivers. The ecological base flow could be regarded as a water-using department,and the marginal benefit of water remained in the channel was assessed by establishing a new calculation approach. Meanwhile,the marginal benefits of the tertiary industrial water were estimated on the basis of Cobb-Douglas production function. The calculated results were help to achieve the simply allocation of water resources for maximum benefits. Based on the example of the Baoji Section of Weihe River in the dry season,the results indicated that: the water consumption in the secondary industry and tertiary industry decreased from 2001 to 2015,but the marginal benefits were high,and can maintain the status quo; the average marginal benefits of ecological base flow and the primary industry were lower than 5 yuan/m~3. Making them be equal can obtain the allocation of water resources 10 m~3/s between the ecological base flow and the primary industry,and the corresponding economic benefits and ecological benefits can be satisfied,and the marginal benefits were 1 yuan/m~3.
A key limitation of traditional water resources allocation was that,it only paid attention to the economic benefit of water resources and overlooked its value in the ecological environment,against sustainable management of the rivers. The ecological base flow could be regarded as a water-using department,and the marginal benefit of water remained in the channel was assessed by establishing a new calculation approach. Meanwhile,the marginal benefits of the tertiary industrial water were estimated on the basis of Cobb-Douglas production function. The calculated results were help to achieve the simply allocation of water resources for maximum benefits. Based on the example of the Baoji Section of Weihe River in the dry season,the results indicated that: the water consumption in the secondary industry and tertiary industry decreased from 2001 to 2015,but the marginal benefits were high,and can maintain the status quo; the average marginal benefits of ecological base flow and the primary industry were lower than 5 yuan/m~3. Making them be equal can obtain the allocation of water resources 10 m~3/s between the ecological base flow and the primary industry,and the corresponding economic benefits and ecological benefits can be satisfied,and the marginal benefits were 1 yuan/m~3.
引文
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[2]POOLE A E,BRADLEY D,SALAZAR R,et al. Optimizing agri-environment schemes to improve river health and conservation value[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2013,181:157-168.
[3]CHEN Ji,SHI Haiyun,SIVAKUMAR B,et al. Population,water,food,energy and dams[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,56:18-28.
[4]徐宗学,武玮,于松延.生态基流研究:进展与挑战[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(4):1-11.
[5]方佳佳,王烜,孙涛,等.河流连通性及其对生态水文过程影响研究进展[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(2):19-26.
[6]PASTOR A V,LUDWIG F,BIEMANS H,et al. Accounting for environmental flow requirements in global water assessments[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2014,18(12):5041-5059.
[7]LETCHER R A,CROKE B F W,JAKEMAN A J. Integrated assessment modelling for water resource allocation and management:A generalised conceptual framework[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2007,22(5):733-742.
[8] GEORGE B,MALANO H,DAVIDSON B,et al. An integrated hydro-economic modelling framework to evaluate water allocation strategies I:Model development[J]. Agricultural water management,2011,98(5):733-746.
[9]PULIDO-VELAZQUEZ M,ANDREU J,SAHUQUILLO A,et al. Hydro-economic river basin modelling:The application of a holistic surface-groundwater model to assess opportunity costs of water use in Spain[J]. Ecological Economics,2008,66(1):51-65.
[10]BERBEL J,MESA-JURADO M A,PISTN J M. Value of irrigation water in Guadalquivir Basin(Spain)by residual value method[J]. Water Resources Management,2011,25(6):1565-1579.
[11]DUMONT A,SALMORAL G,LLAMAS M R. The water footprint of a river basin with a special focus on groundwater:The case of Guadalquivir basin(Spain)[J]. Water Resources and Industry,2013,1:60-76.
[12]ARENA C,CANNAROZZO M,FORTUNATO A,et al. Evaluating infrastructure alternatives for regional water supply systems by model-assisted cost-benefit analysis-A case study from apulia,Italy[J]. Procedia Engineering,2014,89:1460-1469.
[13]LEBEL L,LEBEL P,CHITMANAT C,et al. Benefit sharing from hydropower watersheds:Rationales,practices,and potential[J]. Water Resources and Rural Development,2014,4:12-28.
[14]吕素冰,张亮,王文川,等.河南省水资源利用演变及边际效益分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(9):28-32.
[15]ADUSUMILLI N,DAVIS S,FROMME D. Economic evaluation of using surge valves in furrow irrigation of row crops in Louisiana:A net present value approach[J].Agricultural Water Management,2016,174:61-65.
[16]GREGORY K J. The human role in changing river channels[J]. Geomorphology,2006,79(3-4):172-191.
[17]AIT-KADI M. Water for development and development for water:realizing the sustainable development goals(SDGs)vision[J]. Aquatic Procedia,2016,6:106-110.
[18]ARTHINGTON A H,BUNN S E,POFF N L R,et al. The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems[J]. Ecological applications,2006,16(4):1311-1318.
[19]YANG Wei,YANG Zhifeng. Integrating ecosystem-service tradeoffs into environmental flows decisions for Baiyangdian Lake[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,71:539-550.
[20]AKTER S,GRAFTON Q,MERRITT W S. Integrated hydro-ecological and economic modeling of environmental flows:Macquarie Marshes,Australia[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2014,145:98-109.
[21]YUE Siyu,LI Huaien,CHENG Bo,et al. The value of environmental base flow in water-scarce basins:a case study of Wei River Basin,Northwest China[J]. Water,2018,10(7):848.
[22]SISTO N P. Environmental flows for rivers and economic compensation for irrigators[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2009,90(2):1236-1240.
[23]庞爱萍,孙涛.基于生态需水保障的农业生态补偿标准[J].生态学报,2012,32(8):2550-2560.
[24]王建华,胡鹏.我国水生态文明建设内涵、评价标准与经验模式[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2018,16(5):430-436.
[25]李冰瑶,陈星,周志才,等.缺水地区水资源可持续利用评价与对策探讨[J].水资源与水工程学报,2017,28(6):104-108.
[26]PERONA P,DRRENMATT D J,CHARACKLIS G W. Obtaining natural-like flow releases in diverted river reaches from simple riparian benefit economic models[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2013,118:161-169.
[27]盖美,郝慧娟,柯丽娜,等.辽宁沿海经济带水资源边际效益测度及影响因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(1):78-91.
[28]COSTANZA R,d'ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J]. Nature,1998,25(1):3-15.
[29]李怀恩,岳思羽.河道生态基流的功能及价值研究———以渭河宝鸡段为例[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):64-73.
[30]徐晓鹏,武春友.资源水价定价模型研究[J].中国水利,2004(1):24-26.
[31]GIBBONS D C. The economic value of water[M]. RFF Press,2013.
[32]VILCU G E. A geometric perspective on the generalized Cobb-Douglas production functions[J]. Applied Mathematics Letters,2011,24(5):777-783.