示踪实验在某铁路隧道施工勘察中的应用
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摘要
某铁路隧道在施工期间发生了涌水突泥等地质灾害,为了迅速查明隧道内涌水与隧址区暗河是否存在连通关系,采用了示踪实验的方法:利用NaCl作为示踪剂,在暗河入口处投放,在隧道内三处不同位置采集水样标本,使用硝酸银滴定法识别水样中氯离子的含量,通过合理计算示踪剂投放量与科学设置采样间隔及采样时长,对隧道内涌水与隧址区地下暗河的连通关系进行了定量分析。研究表明:地下暗河对隧道内涌水的补给时间不足10 min,流速略大于63 m/min,水力梯度为0. 193 3,为该隧道的地质灾害处理提供了科学客观的依据。示踪实验方法具有快捷方便、操作简单与工作效率高等优点,在我国西南喀斯特地貌岩溶发育区域铁路隧道勘察领域中具有广泛的应用前景。
A large karst cave is discovered during the construction period,and geological disasters such as water and mud gushing are generated. Commissioned by the construction unit,in order to quickly determine the connection between the gushing water in the tunnel and the dark river in the tunnel area,the author adopts the tracer experiment method,using sodium chloride as the tracer,placing it at the entrance of the dark river,collecting water samples at three different locations in the tunnel,and identifying the chlorine content by silver nitrate titration. Quantitative analysis of the connection between the gushing water in the tunnel and the underground dark river in the tunnel site area is carried out by reasonably calculating the tracer dose and scientifically setting the sampling interval and sampling duration. Studies have shown that the supply time of the dark river for the gushing water is less than 10 min,velocity of flow is slightly larger than 63 m/min,and the hydraulic gradient is 0. 193 3,which provides a scientific and objective basis in processing geological hazards of the tunnel. Tracer experiment method is quick and convenient,simple in operation and extremely high in work efficiency,and has broad application prospects in the field of railway tunnel exploration in the karst development area of southwest China.
A large karst cave is discovered during the construction period,and geological disasters such as water and mud gushing are generated. Commissioned by the construction unit,in order to quickly determine the connection between the gushing water in the tunnel and the dark river in the tunnel area,the author adopts the tracer experiment method,using sodium chloride as the tracer,placing it at the entrance of the dark river,collecting water samples at three different locations in the tunnel,and identifying the chlorine content by silver nitrate titration. Quantitative analysis of the connection between the gushing water in the tunnel and the underground dark river in the tunnel site area is carried out by reasonably calculating the tracer dose and scientifically setting the sampling interval and sampling duration. Studies have shown that the supply time of the dark river for the gushing water is less than 10 min,velocity of flow is slightly larger than 63 m/min,and the hydraulic gradient is 0. 193 3,which provides a scientific and objective basis in processing geological hazards of the tunnel. Tracer experiment method is quick and convenient,simple in operation and extremely high in work efficiency,and has broad application prospects in the field of railway tunnel exploration in the karst development area of southwest China.
引文
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[12]魏石磊,杨明瑞,刘永.综合直流电法在岩溶裂隙水勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2018,15(2):159-165.
[13]陈国亮,张江华.石松孢子示踪连通试验点滴经验[J].勘察技术,1979(6):64-66.
[14]毕焕军.黔张常铁路岩溶区水文地质选线研究[J].铁道工程学报,2018,35(2):11-13,28.
[15]於开炳,徐蔓,严竞雄,等.地下水示踪试验在岩溶隧道勘察中的应用———以利万高速齐岳山隧道为例[J].工程勘察,2017,45(10):46-51.
[16]陈建生,李平,王涛,等.青藏高原东缘水库绕坝基渗流化学溶蚀研究[J].岩土工程学报,2019,41(4):610-616.
[2] Werner K. Tracing Technique in Geohydrology[M]. Balkama.Rotterdam. The Netherlands,1998.
[3]汪进良,姜光辉,侯满福,等.自动化监测电导率在盐示踪实验中的应用—以云南八宝水库盐示踪实验为例[J].地球学报,2005,26(4):371-374.
[4]和烁荣,辛卫东,康志强,等.贺州市合宝地下河系统的定量示踪试验与分析[J].中国地质调查,2019,6(1):81-85.
[5]杨平恒,袁道先,蓝家程,等.基于在线高分辨率监测和定量计算的岩溶地下水示踪试验[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(2):103-108.
[6]荣元帅.基于示踪技术的缝洞型油藏井间连通结构识别与表征研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2016.
[7]姜光辉,郭芳,汤庆佳,等.人工示踪技术在岩溶地区水文地质勘察中的应用[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(3):503-510.
[8]赵小二.溶潭和流速对岩溶管道溶质运移的影响模拟研究[D].南京:南京大学,2018.
[9]罗明明.南方岩溶水循环的物理机制及数学模型研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2017.
[10]杨文升,郑继民,王健民,等,用充电法测定地下水流向流速的实验结果[J].地球物理勘探,1958(1):27-30.
[11]陈松,陈长敬,李小彬,等.充电法和高密度电法在典型岩溶区勘查中的应用分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2017,14(1):6-12.
[12]魏石磊,杨明瑞,刘永.综合直流电法在岩溶裂隙水勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2018,15(2):159-165.
[13]陈国亮,张江华.石松孢子示踪连通试验点滴经验[J].勘察技术,1979(6):64-66.
[14]毕焕军.黔张常铁路岩溶区水文地质选线研究[J].铁道工程学报,2018,35(2):11-13,28.
[15]於开炳,徐蔓,严竞雄,等.地下水示踪试验在岩溶隧道勘察中的应用———以利万高速齐岳山隧道为例[J].工程勘察,2017,45(10):46-51.
[16]陈建生,李平,王涛,等.青藏高原东缘水库绕坝基渗流化学溶蚀研究[J].岩土工程学报,2019,41(4):610-616.
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