不同质地条件下土壤表层温度与土壤蒸发量的关系研究
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摘要
土壤表层温度与土壤蒸发量有着紧密联系,土壤质地对二者均有着重要影响。【目的】探究不同质地土壤表层温度变化对土壤蒸发的影响。【方法】选取2种质地原状土(粉壤土与砂土),进行配比混合,得到5种不同质地土壤。测量1次性供水与充分供水条件下不同土壤的蒸发量、土壤表层温度数据、土壤砂粒量,探究不同质地条件下土壤相对蒸发量(RE)和土壤表层相对温度差(RT)的关系。【结果】①1次供水和充分供水条件下RT随着蒸发过程的进行逐渐增大,当蒸发过程至水汽扩散阶段时,RT趋于稳定;②随着土壤砂粒量增大,蒸发至水汽扩散阶段时对应的RT逐渐减小;③土壤质地相同情况下,RT越大,其RE越小,回归建立了二者的二次函数关系;④RT相同情况下,土壤中砂粒量越高,其RE越小。【结论】土壤中砂粒量的不同,使土壤孔隙、热容量等性质产生差异,导致蒸发过程中土壤温度及蒸发量变化出现规律性特点,RE与RT呈与含砂率有关的二次函数关系。
There are some critical relationships between soil surface temperature and soil evaporation, and the texture of soil affect those two variables.【Objective】This paper amis to explore the effect of soil temperature changes on soil evaporation in different textures.【Method】Five types of soil were produced by two kinds of soil whose texture were silty loam and sand with different proportion in this experiment. Each mixed soil was tested in situation of sufficient soil moisture and situation of non-sufficient soil moisture, the evaporation, soil surface temperature under those two kinds of situation and soil texture were measured. And the relationship between relative evaporation(RE) and relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) in different textures were studied.【Result】①The relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) increases with the procession of evaporation until the evaporation going to water vapor diffusion stage, and RT would be steady after that; ②In stage of water vapor diffusion, the relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) reduced with the increasing of soil sand proportion; ③ When soil texture was the same, the relative evaporation(RE) reduced in a quadric relationship with the relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT);④The relative evaporation(RE) reduces with the increasing of sand percentage of soil when RT was a constant.【Conclusion】The difference of sand proportion in soil makes the difference of soil pores and heat capacity, which leads to the regularity of soil temperature and evaporation during evaporation, and the quadric relationship between relative evaporation and relative difference of soil surface temperature.
There are some critical relationships between soil surface temperature and soil evaporation, and the texture of soil affect those two variables.【Objective】This paper amis to explore the effect of soil temperature changes on soil evaporation in different textures.【Method】Five types of soil were produced by two kinds of soil whose texture were silty loam and sand with different proportion in this experiment. Each mixed soil was tested in situation of sufficient soil moisture and situation of non-sufficient soil moisture, the evaporation, soil surface temperature under those two kinds of situation and soil texture were measured. And the relationship between relative evaporation(RE) and relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) in different textures were studied.【Result】①The relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) increases with the procession of evaporation until the evaporation going to water vapor diffusion stage, and RT would be steady after that; ②In stage of water vapor diffusion, the relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT) reduced with the increasing of soil sand proportion; ③ When soil texture was the same, the relative evaporation(RE) reduced in a quadric relationship with the relative difference of soil surface temperature(RT);④The relative evaporation(RE) reduces with the increasing of sand percentage of soil when RT was a constant.【Conclusion】The difference of sand proportion in soil makes the difference of soil pores and heat capacity, which leads to the regularity of soil temperature and evaporation during evaporation, and the quadric relationship between relative evaporation and relative difference of soil surface temperature.
引文
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[2]赵娜娜,刘钰,蔡甲冰,等.夏玉米棵间蒸发的田间试验与模拟[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(21):66-73.
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[4]李艳,刘海军,黄冠华.麦秸覆盖条件下土壤蒸发阻力及蒸发模拟[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(1):98-106.
[5] JOHANNA Clara metzger, LARS Landschreiber, ALEXANDER Gr?ngr?ft, et al. Soil evaporation under different types of land use in southern african savanna ecosystems[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014,177(3):468-475.
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[9]高晓飞,王晓岚.微型蒸发器口径影响土壤蒸发测量值的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(1):1-4.
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[11]李王成,王为,冯绍元,等.不同类型微型蒸发器测定土壤蒸发的田间试验研究[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(10):6-13.
[12]马富亮,朱小立,符素华,等.封底与不封底微型蒸发器测定东北典型黑土区土壤蒸发量差异性研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(12):7-11.
[13] ALVENAS G, JANSSON P. Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil:calibration and sensitivity analysis[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1997,88(1):47-56.
[14]李红星,蔡焕杰,王健,等.以水面蒸发量为参考推求土壤实际蒸发量的数学模型[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(3):1-4.
[15] BEN-ASHER J, WARRICK A W, MATTHIAS A D. Bare-soil evaporation determined in situ by infrared thermometry[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1984, 69(1/4):325-334.
[16] KERRIDGE B L, HORNBUCKLE J W, CHRISTEN E W, et al. Using soil surface temperature to assess soil evaporation in a drip irrigated vineyard[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2013(116):128-141.
[17]来剑斌,王永平,蒋庆华,等.土壤质地对潜水蒸发的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2003(6):153-157.
[18]宋日权,褚贵新,冶军,等.掺砂对土壤水分入渗和蒸发影响的室内试验[J].农业工程学报, 2010, 26(S1):109-114.
[19]关红杰,冯浩.砂石覆盖厚度和粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(4):41-44.
[20]唐德秀,李毅,刘俸,等.砂石覆盖条件下夏玉米蒸发蒸腾量的估算[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(7):50-60.
[21]吕硕.气候变化对吉林梨树县春玉米的影响及品种适应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2016.
[22]李艳.不同施氮水平对喷灌冬小麦-夏玉米农田土壤水氮迁移转化及其利用率影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2015.
[23]原翠萍,张心平,雷廷武,等.砂石覆盖粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(7):25-28.
[24]刘俸.砂石覆盖量对冬小麦土壤水分运移及生长发育的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[25]宋日权,于健,史吉刚,等.内蒙古砂壤土浅层掺粘对土壤蒸发影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(Z1):278-282.
[2]赵娜娜,刘钰,蔡甲冰,等.夏玉米棵间蒸发的田间试验与模拟[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(21):66-73.
[3]王幼奇,樊军,邵明安.陕北黄土高原雨养区谷子棵间蒸发与田间蒸散规律[J].农业工程学报, 2010, 26(1):6-10.
[4]李艳,刘海军,黄冠华.麦秸覆盖条件下土壤蒸发阻力及蒸发模拟[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(1):98-106.
[5] JOHANNA Clara metzger, LARS Landschreiber, ALEXANDER Gr?ngr?ft, et al. Soil evaporation under different types of land use in southern african savanna ecosystems[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014,177(3):468-475.
[6] FINN Plauborg. Evaporation from bare soil in a temperate humid climate-measurement using micro-lysimeters and time domain reflectometry[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1995,76(1):1-17.
[7]王会肖,刘昌明.农田蒸散、土壤蒸发与水分有效利用[J].地理学报, 1997(5):447-454
[8] QIU Guoyu,YANO Tomohisa, MOMII Kazuro. An improved methodology to measure evaporation from bare soil based on comparison of surface temperature with a dry soil surface[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1998, 210(1/4):93-105.
[9]高晓飞,王晓岚.微型蒸发器口径影响土壤蒸发测量值的试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(1):1-4.
[10]邱胜彬,张江辉,刘诚明.浅析土壤质地及结构对潜水蒸发的影响[J].水土保持研究, 1996(3):30-34.
[11]李王成,王为,冯绍元,等.不同类型微型蒸发器测定土壤蒸发的田间试验研究[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(10):6-13.
[12]马富亮,朱小立,符素华,等.封底与不封底微型蒸发器测定东北典型黑土区土壤蒸发量差异性研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2016, 35(12):7-11.
[13] ALVENAS G, JANSSON P. Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil:calibration and sensitivity analysis[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 1997,88(1):47-56.
[14]李红星,蔡焕杰,王健,等.以水面蒸发量为参考推求土壤实际蒸发量的数学模型[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(3):1-4.
[15] BEN-ASHER J, WARRICK A W, MATTHIAS A D. Bare-soil evaporation determined in situ by infrared thermometry[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1984, 69(1/4):325-334.
[16] KERRIDGE B L, HORNBUCKLE J W, CHRISTEN E W, et al. Using soil surface temperature to assess soil evaporation in a drip irrigated vineyard[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2013(116):128-141.
[17]来剑斌,王永平,蒋庆华,等.土壤质地对潜水蒸发的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2003(6):153-157.
[18]宋日权,褚贵新,冶军,等.掺砂对土壤水分入渗和蒸发影响的室内试验[J].农业工程学报, 2010, 26(S1):109-114.
[19]关红杰,冯浩.砂石覆盖厚度和粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(4):41-44.
[20]唐德秀,李毅,刘俸,等.砂石覆盖条件下夏玉米蒸发蒸腾量的估算[J].灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(7):50-60.
[21]吕硕.气候变化对吉林梨树县春玉米的影响及品种适应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2016.
[22]李艳.不同施氮水平对喷灌冬小麦-夏玉米农田土壤水氮迁移转化及其利用率影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2015.
[23]原翠萍,张心平,雷廷武,等.砂石覆盖粒径对土壤蒸发的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2008, 24(7):25-28.
[24]刘俸.砂石覆盖量对冬小麦土壤水分运移及生长发育的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
[25]宋日权,于健,史吉刚,等.内蒙古砂壤土浅层掺粘对土壤蒸发影响的研究[J].灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(Z1):278-282.
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