不同秸秆还田模式对黑钙土团聚体特征的影响
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摘要
通过5年田间定位试验,研究了不同玉米秸秆还田方式对黑钙土土壤团聚体含量、稳定性和团聚体有机碳贡献率的影响。结果表明:与秸秆不还田(CK)比较,秸秆还田处理能显著提高土壤大团聚体(>250μm)含量、团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)(P<0.05)。秸秆轮耕还田(SRT)比秸秆覆盖还田(SCR)能更有利于土壤大团聚体形成,但2个处理的土壤团聚体稳定性之间差异不显著。秸秆轮耕还田与秸秆不还田相比较能显著增加土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量和大团聚体有机碳贡献率,同时,秸秆轮耕还田比秸秆覆盖还田更有利于提高>2 000μm粒径和<53μm粒径团聚体有机碳含量,以及250～2 000μm粒径团聚体有机碳贡献率。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳含量与土壤团聚体稳定性及其碳库之间存在极显著的正相关关系。旋耕/深翻的轮耕还田模式促进了耕层土壤大团聚体形成和土壤结构稳定,显著提高土壤团聚体碳库和对土壤有机碳的贡献,为东北黑钙土区较适宜的玉米秸秆还田模式之一。
A Five-year field experiment was conducted to study the size compositions and stability of soil aggregate and their soil organic carbon(SOC)contribution rates to total SOC in different maize straw returning treatments(without straw returning,CK;straw cover returning,SCR;straw rotational tillage returning,SRT).The results indicated that straw returning modes significantly increased the mass of macro-aggregates(>250μm),mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD),compared with CK(P <0.05).SRT had more significant effects on formation of soil macro-aggregates than SCR,but there was no obvious difference in stability of soil aggregate between SRT and SCR.SRT markedly enhanced SOC of every size aggregates and contribution rates of aggregates SOC,which were higher than SCR in SOC of>2 000μm and<53μm aggregates,contribution rates of 250～2 000μm aggregates SOC.There were significant positive correlations between the SOC and the stability and associated-C(P < 0.01)of aggregate.Straw rotational tillage(two years of rotary tillage plus one year of moldboard return)was more favorable for macroaggregates formation and soil structure stability,improving carbon pool of soil aggregate and their SOC contribution rates,which one of was the most appropriate rotational tillage pattern in Chernozem soil,northeast China.
A Five-year field experiment was conducted to study the size compositions and stability of soil aggregate and their soil organic carbon(SOC)contribution rates to total SOC in different maize straw returning treatments(without straw returning,CK;straw cover returning,SCR;straw rotational tillage returning,SRT).The results indicated that straw returning modes significantly increased the mass of macro-aggregates(>250μm),mean weight diameter(MWD)and geometric mean diameter(GMD),compared with CK(P <0.05).SRT had more significant effects on formation of soil macro-aggregates than SCR,but there was no obvious difference in stability of soil aggregate between SRT and SCR.SRT markedly enhanced SOC of every size aggregates and contribution rates of aggregates SOC,which were higher than SCR in SOC of>2 000μm and<53μm aggregates,contribution rates of 250～2 000μm aggregates SOC.There were significant positive correlations between the SOC and the stability and associated-C(P < 0.01)of aggregate.Straw rotational tillage(two years of rotary tillage plus one year of moldboard return)was more favorable for macroaggregates formation and soil structure stability,improving carbon pool of soil aggregate and their SOC contribution rates,which one of was the most appropriate rotational tillage pattern in Chernozem soil,northeast China.
引文
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[21]窦森,郝翔翔.黑土团聚体与颗粒中碳、氮含量及腐殖质组成的比较[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):970-977.
[22] Kool D M,Chung H,Tate K R,et al.Hierarchical saturation of soil carbon pools near a natural CO2spring[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(6):1282-1293.
[23]王迪,吴新亮,蔡崇法,等.长期培肥下红壤有机碳组成与团聚体稳定性的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):61-70.
[24] Cates A M,Ruark M D,Hedtcke J L,et al.Longterm tillage rotation and perennialization effects on particulate and aggregate soil organic matter[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:371-380.
[25]窦森,陈光,关松,等.秸秆焚烧的原因与秸秆深还技术模式[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(2):127-133.
[2]陈恩凤,周礼恺,武冠云.微团聚体的保肥供肥性能及其组成比例在评判土壤肥力水平中的意义[J].土壤学报,1994,31(1):18-25.
[3] Dexter A R.Advances in characterization of soil structure[J].Soil and Tillage Research,1988,11:199-238.
[4]詹其厚,袁朝良,张效朴.有机物料对砂姜黑土的改良效应及其机制[J].土壤学报,2003,40(3):420-425.
[5]田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.
[6] Jastrow J D.Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1996,28(4):665-676.
[7]孙汉印,姬强,王勇,等.不同秸秆还田模式下水稳性团聚体有机碳的分布及其氧化稳定性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):369-376.
[8]王勇,姬强,刘帅,等.耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(7):1365-1373.
[9]刘恩科,赵秉强,梅旭荣,等.不同施肥处理对土壤水稳性团聚体及有机碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(4):1035-1041.
[10]何淑勤,郑子龙.不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体的分布及其有机碳含量的变化[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):7-10.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:106-195.
[12] Elliot E T.Aggregate structure and carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50:518-524.
[13]周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979.
[14] Liu X L,He Y Q,Zhang H L,et al.Impact of land use and soil fertility on distributions of soilaggregate fractions and some nutrients[J].Pedosphere,2010,20(5):666-673.
[15] Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah A R,Hajabbasi M A.Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90:227-234.
[16]张先凤,朱安宁,张佳宝,等.耕作管理对潮土团聚体形成及有机碳累积的长期效应[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(23):4639-4648.
[17]刘中良,宇万太.土壤团聚体中有机碳研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):447-455.
[18] Six J,Elliott E T,Paustian K.Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation:A mechanism for C sequestration under no tillage agriculture[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2000,32:2099-2103.
[19]李辉信,袁颖红,黄欠如,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳分布的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(3):422-429.
[20] Bronick C J,Lal R.Manuring and rotation effects on soil organic carbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils in Northeastern Ohio,USA[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2005,81:239-252.
[21]窦森,郝翔翔.黑土团聚体与颗粒中碳、氮含量及腐殖质组成的比较[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):970-977.
[22] Kool D M,Chung H,Tate K R,et al.Hierarchical saturation of soil carbon pools near a natural CO2spring[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13(6):1282-1293.
[23]王迪,吴新亮,蔡崇法,等.长期培肥下红壤有机碳组成与团聚体稳定性的关系[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):61-70.
[24] Cates A M,Ruark M D,Hedtcke J L,et al.Longterm tillage rotation and perennialization effects on particulate and aggregate soil organic matter[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2016,155:371-380.
[25]窦森,陈光,关松,等.秸秆焚烧的原因与秸秆深还技术模式[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(2):127-133.