气候低适宜区域橡胶种植模式对蚂蚁多样性的影响
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摘要
为了揭示中、低适宜区域橡胶种植地的生物多样性状况,及选择有益于保护生物多样性的种植模式,使用陷阱法于2015年9月和2016年8月调查了钝叶黄檀-玉米地(对照)、橡胶纯林(Ⅱ)、橡胶-茶树混农林(Ⅲ)、橡胶-咖啡混农林(Ⅳ)中地表层和树冠层蚂蚁物种多样性、群落结构差异及指示物种,以研究不同类型种植模式间蚂蚁群落间的差异。结果表明:4种类型样地中,地表层蚂蚁中多度、物种丰富度、ACE值均存在显著差异(P<0.05),大小排序为橡胶-茶树混农林>橡胶纯林>钝叶黄檀-玉米地>橡胶-咖啡混农林;树冠层蚂蚁群落多度存在显著差异(P<0.05),大小排序为橡胶纯林>橡胶-茶树混农林>橡胶-咖啡混农林>钝叶黄檀-玉米地,物种丰富度和ACE值不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。地表层和树冠层蚂蚁群落结构样地类型间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中橡胶-茶树混农林的蚂蚁群落结构与其余样地存在较高的相似性。4种类型样地中均存在1种指示物种,钝叶黄檀-玉米地为棒刺大头蚁(Pheidolespathifera),橡胶林为黑头酸臭蚁(Tapinomamelanocephalum),橡胶-茶树混农林为环纹大齿猛蚁(Odontomachuscirculus),橡胶-咖啡混农林为缅甸细长蚁(Tetraponera birmana)。从本研究来看,橡胶-茶树混农林是当地橡胶复合农林系统中既具经济效益,又能较好保护蚂蚁多样性的种植模式。
Rubber is a very important economic crop in China, its' cultivation area in the medium to low climate suitable area accounts for about 79.06% of the total area. In recent years, the status of biodiversity in low climate-suitable areas and methods used to choose planting patterns to protect biodiversity in rubber growing area need immediate attention. In order to reveal the differences of ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities in rubber plantations(Ⅱ), rubber-tea agroforestry(Ⅲ), rubber-coffee agroforestry(Ⅳ), and Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry(control plot, Ⅰ), species diversity, community structure differences, and indicator species of ant communities were investigated using traps in September 2015 and August 2016 in 4 different types of sites. The results were as follows: the abundance, species richness, and ACE index of ground-dwelling ant communities demonstrated significant differences among the 4 types of sites, ranked as Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ(P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundance of canopy foraging ant communities revealed significant differences, ranked as Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ(P < 0.05). However, species richness and ACE index did not exhibit significant differences(P > 0.05). The community structure of both the ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities displayed significant differences among the 4 types of sites(P < 0.01). The ant community structure of rubber-tea agroforestry had higher similarity with other sites. There was one indicator species in each of the 4 types of sites, such as Pheidole spathifera in Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry, Tapinoma melanocephalum in rubber plantations, Odontomachus circulus in rubber-tea agroforestry, and Tetraponera birmana in rubber-coffee agroforestry. Our results indicate that the rubber-tea agroforestry is a choice that has both economic benefits as well as offers good protection to ant communities in the local rubber plantations. Therefore, it is of interest to conduct further studies on the management of rubber plantation patterns.
Rubber is a very important economic crop in China, its' cultivation area in the medium to low climate suitable area accounts for about 79.06% of the total area. In recent years, the status of biodiversity in low climate-suitable areas and methods used to choose planting patterns to protect biodiversity in rubber growing area need immediate attention. In order to reveal the differences of ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities in rubber plantations(Ⅱ), rubber-tea agroforestry(Ⅲ), rubber-coffee agroforestry(Ⅳ), and Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry(control plot, Ⅰ), species diversity, community structure differences, and indicator species of ant communities were investigated using traps in September 2015 and August 2016 in 4 different types of sites. The results were as follows: the abundance, species richness, and ACE index of ground-dwelling ant communities demonstrated significant differences among the 4 types of sites, ranked as Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ(P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundance of canopy foraging ant communities revealed significant differences, ranked as Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ(P < 0.05). However, species richness and ACE index did not exhibit significant differences(P > 0.05). The community structure of both the ground-dwelling and canopy foraging ant communities displayed significant differences among the 4 types of sites(P < 0.01). The ant community structure of rubber-tea agroforestry had higher similarity with other sites. There was one indicator species in each of the 4 types of sites, such as Pheidole spathifera in Dalbergia obtusifolia-corn agroforestry, Tapinoma melanocephalum in rubber plantations, Odontomachus circulus in rubber-tea agroforestry, and Tetraponera birmana in rubber-coffee agroforestry. Our results indicate that the rubber-tea agroforestry is a choice that has both economic benefits as well as offers good protection to ant communities in the local rubber plantations. Therefore, it is of interest to conduct further studies on the management of rubber plantation patterns.
引文
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[5]吴兆录,杨正彬.西双版纳橡胶种植的正负影响和改进途径[J].曲靖师范学院学报, 2001, 20(6):64–69WU Z L, YANG Z B. Rubber cultivation in Xishuangbana:influences and improving approaches[J]. Journal of Qujing Normal College, 2001, 20(6):64–69
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[8] WU J E, LIU W J, CHEN C F. Below-ground interspecific competition for water in a rubber agroforestry system may enhance water utilization in plants[J]. Scientific Reports,2016, 6:19502
[9]祖超,邬华松,谭乐和,等.橡胶与胡椒复合种植模式分析[J].热带农业科学, 2011, 31(12):26–32ZU C, WU H S, TAN L H, et al. Analysis on the complex planting pattern of rubber and pepper[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2011, 31(12):26–32
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[12] XIAO H F, TIAN Y H, ZHOU H P, et al. Intensive rubber cultivation degrades soil nematode communities in Xishuangbanna, southwest China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2014, 76:161–169
[13]林小兵.西双版纳橡胶林种植模式对白蚁群落结构和多样性的影响[D].北京:中国科学院大学, 2017LIN X B. The effect of different rubber plantation on termite community structure and diversity distribution in Xishuangbanna[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017
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