棉纤维生物炭对稻田土壤及水稻Cd含量的影响
|
摘要
为生物炭应用于农田Cd污染的控制及治理提供相关科学依据,研究通过根箱试验,研究棉纤维生物炭对水稻根际和非根际土壤可交换态和不可交换态Cd含量及水稻植株中Cd分配的影响。研究表明:随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量增加,根际和非根际土壤可交换态Cd含量都呈下降趋势,同时不可交换态Cd含量都呈上升趋势。随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量增加,非根际土壤pH值呈逐渐上升趋势。非根际土壤pH值与可交换态Cd含量之间存在显著负相关关系,与不可交换态Cd含量之间存在显著正相关关系。可见,施用棉纤维生物炭可在一定程度上提高非根际土壤pH值,进一步降低了非根际土壤可交换态Cd含量;而根际土壤可交换态Cd含量的下降,主要受棉纤维生物炭的理化性质影响,受土壤pH值影响不大。随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量的增加,水稻各部位Cd含量及累积量都呈现下降趋势,其中籽粒Cd含量的下降幅度最大,为36.57%,根的Cd含量的下降幅度最小,为12.56%。由于茎鞘的生物量和Cd含量都较大,茎鞘中Cd累积量最高,平均为25.44μg plant~(-1),是籽粒的2.85倍。因此,在进行农田土壤Cd修复的同时,除了要关注农产品Cd污染,还要考虑如何妥善处理大量的富集Cd的农业废弃物,避免产生二次污染风险。
A root box experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton fiber biochar on the contents of exchangeable and non-exchangeable Cd in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and its distribution in rice plants.The results showed that the exchangeable Cd content declined, the non-exchangeable Cd content increased in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, and the non-rhizosphere soil p H increased with the increase in the application amount of cotton fiber biochar. There was a significant negative correlation between soil pH and exchangeable Cd content, and a significant positive correlation between soil pH and non-exchangeable Cd content in non-rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the application of cotton fiber biochar increased the non-rhizosphere soil pH and reduced further the exchangeable Cd content in non-rhizosphere soil. The decrease of the exchangeable Cd content in rhizosphere soil was because of the physicochemical property of cotton fiber biochar. With the increasing of the application amount of cotton fiber biochar, the content and accumulation of Cd in all parts of rice showed a declining trend, and the contents of Cd in grain and root decreased by 36.57% and 12.56%, respectively. Because of the large biomass and Cd content of the stem sheath, the accumulation of Cd in the stem sheath was the highest of about 25.44 μg plant-1, 2.85 times higher than that in the grains. Therefore, in addition to focusing on the Cd pollution of agricultural products, we should consider the proper disposal of a large amount of agricultural waste enriched with Cd in order to avoid the risk of secondary pollution.
A root box experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton fiber biochar on the contents of exchangeable and non-exchangeable Cd in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and its distribution in rice plants.The results showed that the exchangeable Cd content declined, the non-exchangeable Cd content increased in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil, and the non-rhizosphere soil p H increased with the increase in the application amount of cotton fiber biochar. There was a significant negative correlation between soil pH and exchangeable Cd content, and a significant positive correlation between soil pH and non-exchangeable Cd content in non-rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the application of cotton fiber biochar increased the non-rhizosphere soil pH and reduced further the exchangeable Cd content in non-rhizosphere soil. The decrease of the exchangeable Cd content in rhizosphere soil was because of the physicochemical property of cotton fiber biochar. With the increasing of the application amount of cotton fiber biochar, the content and accumulation of Cd in all parts of rice showed a declining trend, and the contents of Cd in grain and root decreased by 36.57% and 12.56%, respectively. Because of the large biomass and Cd content of the stem sheath, the accumulation of Cd in the stem sheath was the highest of about 25.44 μg plant-1, 2.85 times higher than that in the grains. Therefore, in addition to focusing on the Cd pollution of agricultural products, we should consider the proper disposal of a large amount of agricultural waste enriched with Cd in order to avoid the risk of secondary pollution.
引文
[1]王风,王梦露,许堃,等.生物炭施用对棕壤重金属镉赋存形态及油菜吸收镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(5):907-914.
[2]张丽,侯萌瑶,安毅,等.生物炭对水稻根际微域土壤Cd生物有效性及水稻Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(4):665-671.
[3]刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,等.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):977-982.
[4]易卿,胡学玉,柯跃进,等.不同生物质黑碳对土壤中外源镉(Cd)有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):88-94.
[5]宋敏,齐鹏,蔡立群,等.不同生物质炭输入水平下旱作农田温室气体排放研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1185-1195.
[6]蒋田雨,姜军,徐仁扣,等.不同温度下烧制的秸秆炭对可变电荷土壤吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1598-1604.
[7]李建宏,楚颖超,吴蔚东.椰纤维生物炭添加对海南花岗岩砖红壤吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(8):4553-4558.
[8]张秀,黄兴奇,贺斌,等.水稻田重金属污染的治理方法[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):1-5.
[9]赫天一.生物炭对土壤镉赋存形态和水稻镉积累的影响[D].辽宁:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[10]吴成,张晓丽,李关宾.黑碳吸附汞砷铅镉离子的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):770-774.
[11]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2075-2081.
[12]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业环境与发展,2013,30(4):29-34.
[13]荆延德,刘兴,孙小银,等.秸秆生物炭对棕壤中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附效应及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):998-1006.
[14]王海波,尚艺婕,史静.生物质炭对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(4):22-26.
[15]王艳红,李盟军,唐明灯,等.稻壳基生物炭对生菜Cd吸收及土壤养分的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):207-214.
[16]王期凯,郭文娟,孙国红,等.生物炭与肥料复配对土壤重金属镉污染钝化修复效应[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(6):583-589.
[17]莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd在水稻植株中的富集与分布[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):110-116.
[18]谢亚萍,张琳琳,郅惠博,等.稻壳生物炭与肥料配施对稻田镉铅铬砷的钝化与肥效的影响[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2017,56(2):228-232,240.
[2]张丽,侯萌瑶,安毅,等.生物炭对水稻根际微域土壤Cd生物有效性及水稻Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(4):665-671.
[3]刘玉学,刘微,吴伟祥,等.土壤生物质炭环境行为与环境效应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(4):977-982.
[4]易卿,胡学玉,柯跃进,等.不同生物质黑碳对土壤中外源镉(Cd)有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):88-94.
[5]宋敏,齐鹏,蔡立群,等.不同生物质炭输入水平下旱作农田温室气体排放研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1185-1195.
[6]蒋田雨,姜军,徐仁扣,等.不同温度下烧制的秸秆炭对可变电荷土壤吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1598-1604.
[7]李建宏,楚颖超,吴蔚东.椰纤维生物炭添加对海南花岗岩砖红壤吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(8):4553-4558.
[8]张秀,黄兴奇,贺斌,等.水稻田重金属污染的治理方法[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(21):1-5.
[9]赫天一.生物炭对土壤镉赋存形态和水稻镉积累的影响[D].辽宁:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[10]吴成,张晓丽,李关宾.黑碳吸附汞砷铅镉离子的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(2):770-774.
[11]李江遐,吴林春,张军,等.生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2075-2081.
[12]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业环境与发展,2013,30(4):29-34.
[13]荆延德,刘兴,孙小银,等.秸秆生物炭对棕壤中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附效应及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2016,47(4):998-1006.
[14]王海波,尚艺婕,史静.生物质炭对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2016,39(4):22-26.
[15]王艳红,李盟军,唐明灯,等.稻壳基生物炭对生菜Cd吸收及土壤养分的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(2):207-214.
[16]王期凯,郭文娟,孙国红,等.生物炭与肥料复配对土壤重金属镉污染钝化修复效应[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(6):583-589.
[17]莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd在水稻植株中的富集与分布[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):110-116.
[18]谢亚萍,张琳琳,郅惠博,等.稻壳生物炭与肥料配施对稻田镉铅铬砷的钝化与肥效的影响[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2017,56(2):228-232,240.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |