我国南方桉树人工林区水库沉积物重金属垂向分布及污染评价
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摘要
为研究我国南方桉树人工林区水库沉积物中重金属污染程度及垂向分布特征,选取南宁市那降水库和天雹水库为研究对象,采用ICP-AES测定沉积物中Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg和Pb 7种重金属在垂向上的含量分布,并采用地累积指数法对重金属污染进行风险评价。结果表明,天雹水库沉积物中重金属污染较那降水库严重,且7种重金属平均含量远远高于南宁市土壤重金属元素背景值。重金属垂向分布特征显示,重金属Cu和Pb平均含量呈波动增长趋势,Zn和Cd呈持续增长趋势,而Cr、As和Hg呈波动下降趋势。由重金属含量变异系数垂向变化来看,重金属Hg含量变异系数最大,不同深度处均大于0.45,离散程度较高。地累积指数法评价结果表明,重金属污染程度由大到小顺序为:Hg>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>As,重金属Hg累积最严重,属于中度污染程度,且有逐年加重趋势,两个水库的相似点是重金属Hg和Cd也有明显累积,处于中度污染水平。
In order to study the heavy metal pollution degree and vertical distribution characteristics in the reservoir sediments of eucalyptus plantation in southern China, Najiang reservoir and Tianbao reservoir Nanning City were selected as research target, Icp-aes was used to determine the vertical distribution of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb 7 heavy metals in the sediments. The pollution status was assessed by geo-accumulation index method. Results showed that the heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Tianbao reservoir is more serious than that in Najiang reservoir, and the average concentrations of the above-mentioned seven heavy metals were all higher than the soil background values of Nanning. Vertical distribution characteristics of heavy metals showed that the average concentrations of Cu and Pb presented a fluctuating growth trend, Zn and Cd presented an increasing growth trend, while Cr, As and Hg presented a fluctuating downward trend. The vertical variation of heavy metal content variable coefficient showed that Hg had the greatest coefficient of variation, higher than 0.45 in different depths, with high degree of dispersion. Assessment results based on geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution degree of heavy metals followed the order of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As. The accumulation of heavy metal Hg is the most serious, which belongs to moderate pollution, and has an increasing trend year by year. The similarity between the two reservoirs was that Hg and Cd were remarkably accumulated, and were at moderate pollution level.
In order to study the heavy metal pollution degree and vertical distribution characteristics in the reservoir sediments of eucalyptus plantation in southern China, Najiang reservoir and Tianbao reservoir Nanning City were selected as research target, Icp-aes was used to determine the vertical distribution of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb 7 heavy metals in the sediments. The pollution status was assessed by geo-accumulation index method. Results showed that the heavy metal pollution in the sediment of Tianbao reservoir is more serious than that in Najiang reservoir, and the average concentrations of the above-mentioned seven heavy metals were all higher than the soil background values of Nanning. Vertical distribution characteristics of heavy metals showed that the average concentrations of Cu and Pb presented a fluctuating growth trend, Zn and Cd presented an increasing growth trend, while Cr, As and Hg presented a fluctuating downward trend. The vertical variation of heavy metal content variable coefficient showed that Hg had the greatest coefficient of variation, higher than 0.45 in different depths, with high degree of dispersion. Assessment results based on geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution degree of heavy metals followed the order of Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As. The accumulation of heavy metal Hg is the most serious, which belongs to moderate pollution, and has an increasing trend year by year. The similarity between the two reservoirs was that Hg and Cd were remarkably accumulated, and were at moderate pollution level.
引文
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[2] 韦健康.桉树有毒?是抽水机?怎样以科学的发展观来对待桉树[J].广西林业,2006,(4):12-13.
[3] 刘平,秦晶,刘建昌,等.桉树人工林地土壤养分和重金属现状分析与评价[J].环境工程学报,2011,5(3):649-656.
[4] 张婧,杜阿朋.桉树在土壤重金属污染区土壤生物修复的应用前景[J].桉树科技,2010,27(2):43-47.
[5] 杨钙仁.桉树人工林对林区地表水的影响[D].南宁:广西大学,2012.
[6] 卿华.云南桉树人工林群落结构特征及对生态环境的影响研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2007.
[7] 李一平,罗凡,郭晋川,等.我国南方桉树(Eucalyptus)人工林区水库突发性泛黑形成机理初探[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(1):15-24.
[8] 吴俊锋,谢飞,陈丽娜,等.太湖重污染湖区底泥沉积物特性[J].水资源保护,2011,27(4):74-78.
[9] 樊娟,吴文晖,胡树林,等.洞庭湖表层底泥重金属污染及其生态风险评价[J].四川环境,2018,37(4):162-168.
[10] 李改枝,郭博书,李景峰,等.黄河水体表层沉积物与重金属交换吸附作用的研究[J].水处理技术,2001,27(5):264-266.
[11] 王长智,任旭锋,梅荣武.温州河道底泥重金属污染特征和分级评价[J].四川环境,2018,37(4):1-8.
[12] Chatterjee M,Silva Filho E V,Sarkar S K,et al.Distribution and possible source of trace elements in the sediment cores of a tropical macrotidal estuary and their ecotoxicological significance[J].Environment International,2007,33(3):346-356.
[13] 苏永秀,李政,孙涵,等.基于GIS的南宁市细网格立体农业气候资源分析研究[J].气象科学,2007,27(4):381-386.
[14] 吴国安.那降水库大坝渗漏成因分析及处理方案[J].科技风,2014,(11):109-111.
[15] 李启军.天雹水库之本色美花园——广西森林审美漫谈之十五[J].广西林业,2014,(12):20-22.
[16] 徐大平,张宁南.桉树人工林生态效应研究进展[J].广西林业科学,2006,35(4):179-187,201.
[17] 余国忠,赵承美,郜慧,等.大型水库功能演变对水库水质的影响——以河南省某大型水库为例[J].水资源保护,2009,25(1):63-66.
[18] Yao Zhongping,Jiang Zhaohua,Wang Fuping,et al.Growth characteristics of micro-plasma oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti alloy by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer technique[J].Applied Surface Science,2007,253(9):4267-4272.
[19] Müller G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geojournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[20] 赵大勇,黄睿,马婷,等.玄武湖沉积物中重金属垂向分布及污染评价[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(9):150-154.
[21] 广西环境保护科学研究所.土壤背景值研究方法及广西土壤背景值[M].南宁:广西科学技术出版社,1992,8(3):155-162.
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