喀斯特地区石漠化与土壤类型的空间相关分析——以贵州省为例
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摘要
以贵州省2010年石漠化程度分布与土壤类型分布图为基础,运用地图代数原理,通过计算二者的转移矩阵,从而得出不同石漠化程度下土壤类型的空间分布情况,并探讨研究区石漠化背景下,土壤类型与石漠化的空间分布规律,分析石漠化的发生、分布与土壤类型的相关关系。其结果表明:喀斯特地区石质土的石漠化发生率最高达到46.41%,其次为黄棕壤的43.32%,综合排序为石质土>黄棕壤>山地草甸土>棕壤>红壤>粗骨土>石灰土>黄壤>紫色土>水稻土>潮土;分等级讨论时以中度石漠化为主导,且石质土的中度石漠化发生率最高,达到了21.68%。石漠化程度的空间分布在不同土壤类型中存在着明显差异,并且二者之间有一定联系,土壤本身的性质差异是重要的因素之一。
This paper takes Guizhou Province, a typical representative of karst landforms in southwest China, as the research object. Guizhou Province is located in the southeastern part of southwest China, and the eastern part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The landform is dominated by plateau mountains, and its topography is high in the west and low in the east. It is inclined from the central to the north,east and south, and the structure is distributed in three steps distribution. The average elevation is about 1,100 m, the climate is warm and humid. It belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 14-18 ℃and an annual average precipitation of 1,100-1,300 mm.In this paper, by referring to the study of rocky desertification by relevant scholars, the degree of rocky desertification was divided into 5 grades, namely, non-rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification and extremely severe rocky desertification. Then, the spatial distribution map of rocky desertification in Guizhou in 2010 was obtained. The soil type map of Guizhou soil chronicle was vectorized in ArcGIS, and finally a digital map of soil type distribution was obtained by thematic mapping. The spatial correlation between karst rocky desertification and soil types in Guizhou Province was quantitatively analyzed by using spatial analysis function, combined with the principle of map algebra, and the transformation matrix, combined with slope, elevation and other information, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rocky desertification in different soil types.The incidence rate of rocky desertification was used to analyze its occurrence, and it was concluded that the occurrence rate of rocky desertification was the highest in karst area, reaching 46.41%,followed by yellow brown soil of 43.32%.The comprehensive order was, rocky soil > yellow brown soil > mountain meadow soil > brown soil > red soil > coarse bone soil>lime soil>yellow soil>purple soil>paddy soil> fluvo-aquic soil.In order to further analyze the incidence rate of rocky desertification of each grade, the statistical analysis of the incidence rate of various soil types show that the study area is generally dominated by moderate rocky desertification, and the incidence rate of rocky soil is the highest in terms of extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild rocky desertification. Secondly, the incidence rate of calcareous soil of moderate and mild rocky desertification were more than 10%, the limestone soil accounts for the largest area of soil types in the karst area of the study area. According to the analysis of comprehensive area and incidence rate, when discussing the incidence rate, the incidence rate of rocky soil is the highest.at different levels, and the order is, rocky soil > brown soil > lime soil> yellow brown soil > mountain meadow soil > coarse bone soil> yellow soil> paddy soil> purple soil> red soil > fluvo-aquic soil. The incidence rate of rocky desertification of all soil types, except for yellow soil, purple soil, rice soil and tidal soil, was relatively low, while the incidence rate of other soil types was relatively high, and the rocky soil occupied the dominant position.It is conclusion that,(1) The development and distribution of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou is largely controlled by the lime soil with the parent material being carbonate rock.(2) Soil parent rocks, physical and chemical properties, lithological composition factors and other factors have affected the occurrence of rocky desertification to a certain extent. For coarse bone soil areas, more attention should be paid to the prevention of rocky desertification. For areas with high incidence rates such as the brown soil and yellow brown soil,more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of potential rocky desertification area. It is necessary to comprehensively consider that the overall layout of ecological environment governance of rocky desertification.(3) In the future, the protection and control of ecological and environmental problems such as rocky desertification, can be carried out according to different rocky desertification grades and the mutual relations and characteristics between rocky desertification and various natural environment.
This paper takes Guizhou Province, a typical representative of karst landforms in southwest China, as the research object. Guizhou Province is located in the southeastern part of southwest China, and the eastern part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The landform is dominated by plateau mountains, and its topography is high in the west and low in the east. It is inclined from the central to the north,east and south, and the structure is distributed in three steps distribution. The average elevation is about 1,100 m, the climate is warm and humid. It belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate with an average annual temperature of 14-18 ℃and an annual average precipitation of 1,100-1,300 mm.In this paper, by referring to the study of rocky desertification by relevant scholars, the degree of rocky desertification was divided into 5 grades, namely, non-rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification and extremely severe rocky desertification. Then, the spatial distribution map of rocky desertification in Guizhou in 2010 was obtained. The soil type map of Guizhou soil chronicle was vectorized in ArcGIS, and finally a digital map of soil type distribution was obtained by thematic mapping. The spatial correlation between karst rocky desertification and soil types in Guizhou Province was quantitatively analyzed by using spatial analysis function, combined with the principle of map algebra, and the transformation matrix, combined with slope, elevation and other information, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rocky desertification in different soil types.The incidence rate of rocky desertification was used to analyze its occurrence, and it was concluded that the occurrence rate of rocky desertification was the highest in karst area, reaching 46.41%,followed by yellow brown soil of 43.32%.The comprehensive order was, rocky soil > yellow brown soil > mountain meadow soil > brown soil > red soil > coarse bone soil>lime soil>yellow soil>purple soil>paddy soil> fluvo-aquic soil.In order to further analyze the incidence rate of rocky desertification of each grade, the statistical analysis of the incidence rate of various soil types show that the study area is generally dominated by moderate rocky desertification, and the incidence rate of rocky soil is the highest in terms of extremely severe, severe, moderate and mild rocky desertification. Secondly, the incidence rate of calcareous soil of moderate and mild rocky desertification were more than 10%, the limestone soil accounts for the largest area of soil types in the karst area of the study area. According to the analysis of comprehensive area and incidence rate, when discussing the incidence rate, the incidence rate of rocky soil is the highest.at different levels, and the order is, rocky soil > brown soil > lime soil> yellow brown soil > mountain meadow soil > coarse bone soil> yellow soil> paddy soil> purple soil> red soil > fluvo-aquic soil. The incidence rate of rocky desertification of all soil types, except for yellow soil, purple soil, rice soil and tidal soil, was relatively low, while the incidence rate of other soil types was relatively high, and the rocky soil occupied the dominant position.It is conclusion that,(1) The development and distribution of karst rocky desertification in Guizhou is largely controlled by the lime soil with the parent material being carbonate rock.(2) Soil parent rocks, physical and chemical properties, lithological composition factors and other factors have affected the occurrence of rocky desertification to a certain extent. For coarse bone soil areas, more attention should be paid to the prevention of rocky desertification. For areas with high incidence rates such as the brown soil and yellow brown soil,more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of potential rocky desertification area. It is necessary to comprehensively consider that the overall layout of ecological environment governance of rocky desertification.(3) In the future, the protection and control of ecological and environmental problems such as rocky desertification, can be carried out according to different rocky desertification grades and the mutual relations and characteristics between rocky desertification and various natural environment.
引文
[1] 王霖娇,李瑞,盛茂银.典型喀斯特石漠化生态系统土壤有机碳时空分布格局及其与环境的相关性[J].生态学报,2017,37(5):1367-1378.
[2] 袁道先.我国西南岩溶石山的环境地质问题[J].世界科技研究与发展,1997,19(5):41-43.
[3] 熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30.
[4] 张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.贵州省喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):77-79.
[5] 胡宝清,黄秋燕,廖赤眉,等.基于GIS与RS的喀斯特石漠化与土壤类型的空间相关性分析:以广西都瑶族自治县为例[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(5):67-70.
[6] 杨青青,王克林.基于 RS 与 GIS 的桂西北石漠化景观与土壤类型关系研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1030-1036.
[7] 景宜然,邓湘雯,邓东华,等.湘西南不同石漠化程度土壤理化性质及相关性分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):189-195.
[8] 黄先飞,周运超,张珍明.喀斯特石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):215-221.
[9] 袁道先.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[10] 王世杰,季宏兵,欧阳自远,等.碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的初步研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1999,29(5):441-449.
[11] 孙承兴,王世杰,周德全,等.碳酸盐酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据[J].矿物学报,2002,22(3):235-242.
[12] 蒋树芳,胡宝清,黄秋燕,等.广西都安喀斯特石漠化的分布特征及其与岩性的空间相关性[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):214-219.
[13] 李瑞玲,王世杰,周德全,等.贵州岩溶地区岩性与土地石漠化的相关分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):314-320.
[14] 周忠发.喀斯特地区石漠化与地形坡度的关系分析:以贵州省清镇市为例[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(5):1-3.
[15] 刘发勇,熊康宁,兰安军,等.贵州省喀斯特石漠化与水土流失空间相关分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):60-64,71.
[16] 贵州省土镶普查办公室.贵州省土壤[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994.
[17] 杨广斌,李亦秋,安裕伦.基于网格数据的贵州土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(1):73-78.
[18] 李大通.碳酸盐岩层的分类原则和确定类型的BASIC程序[J].中国岩溶,1985,4(4):308-314.
[19] 苏琪娇,安裕伦,马士彬,等.喀斯特山区不同岩性分区下的景观生态质量差异:以罗甸县为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):454-462.
[20] 白晓永,熊康宁,李阳兵,等.喀斯特山区不同强度石漠化与人口因素空间差异性的定量研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(2):242-248.
[21] 熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化遥感-GIS典型研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[22] 王培彬,安裕伦.2000-2010年贵州喀斯特地区石漠化时空特征分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,32(3):10-15,46.
[23] 秦松,范成五,孙锐锋.贵州土壤资源的特点、问题及利用对策[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(5):94-98.
[24] 李瑞玲.贵州岩溶地区土地石漠化形成的自然背景及其空间地域分异[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2004.
[25] 苏维词,周济祚.贵州喀斯特山地的“石漠化”及防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995,4(2):177-182.
[26] 郑永春,王世杰.贵州山区石灰土侵蚀及石漠化的地质原因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):461-465.
[2] 袁道先.我国西南岩溶石山的环境地质问题[J].世界科技研究与发展,1997,19(5):41-43.
[3] 熊康宁,池永宽.中国南方喀斯特生态系统面临的问题及对策[J].生态经济,2015,31(1):23-30.
[4] 张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.贵州省喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):77-79.
[5] 胡宝清,黄秋燕,廖赤眉,等.基于GIS与RS的喀斯特石漠化与土壤类型的空间相关性分析:以广西都瑶族自治县为例[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(5):67-70.
[6] 杨青青,王克林.基于 RS 与 GIS 的桂西北石漠化景观与土壤类型关系研究[J].土壤通报,2010,41(5):1030-1036.
[7] 景宜然,邓湘雯,邓东华,等.湘西南不同石漠化程度土壤理化性质及相关性分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):189-195.
[8] 黄先飞,周运超,张珍明.喀斯特石漠化区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):215-221.
[9] 袁道先.中国岩溶学[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[10] 王世杰,季宏兵,欧阳自远,等.碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的初步研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),1999,29(5):441-449.
[11] 孙承兴,王世杰,周德全,等.碳酸盐酸不溶物作为贵州岩溶区红色风化壳主要物质来源的证据[J].矿物学报,2002,22(3):235-242.
[12] 蒋树芳,胡宝清,黄秋燕,等.广西都安喀斯特石漠化的分布特征及其与岩性的空间相关性[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(2):214-219.
[13] 李瑞玲,王世杰,周德全,等.贵州岩溶地区岩性与土地石漠化的相关分析[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):314-320.
[14] 周忠发.喀斯特地区石漠化与地形坡度的关系分析:以贵州省清镇市为例[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(5):1-3.
[15] 刘发勇,熊康宁,兰安军,等.贵州省喀斯特石漠化与水土流失空间相关分析[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):60-64,71.
[16] 贵州省土镶普查办公室.贵州省土壤[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,1994.
[17] 杨广斌,李亦秋,安裕伦.基于网格数据的贵州土壤侵蚀敏感性评价及其空间分异[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(1):73-78.
[18] 李大通.碳酸盐岩层的分类原则和确定类型的BASIC程序[J].中国岩溶,1985,4(4):308-314.
[19] 苏琪娇,安裕伦,马士彬,等.喀斯特山区不同岩性分区下的景观生态质量差异:以罗甸县为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):454-462.
[20] 白晓永,熊康宁,李阳兵,等.喀斯特山区不同强度石漠化与人口因素空间差异性的定量研究[J].山地学报,2006,24(2):242-248.
[21] 熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化遥感-GIS典型研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[22] 王培彬,安裕伦.2000-2010年贵州喀斯特地区石漠化时空特征分析[J].贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,32(3):10-15,46.
[23] 秦松,范成五,孙锐锋.贵州土壤资源的特点、问题及利用对策[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(5):94-98.
[24] 李瑞玲.贵州岩溶地区土地石漠化形成的自然背景及其空间地域分异[D].贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所,2004.
[25] 苏维词,周济祚.贵州喀斯特山地的“石漠化”及防治对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995,4(2):177-182.
[26] 郑永春,王世杰.贵州山区石灰土侵蚀及石漠化的地质原因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2002,11(5):461-465.