哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林地生、树干及树枝附生苔藓生活型组成及其水分特性
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摘要
为探讨林内不同垂直高度生境下及不同生活型苔藓植物水分特征的差异,该文对哀牢山湿性常绿阔叶林内地生苔藓、林下树干附生和林冠层树枝附生苔藓优势或常见种的生活型组成、持水力、失水特征和水分利用效率进行了研究。结果表明:地生、树干附生和树枝附生苔藓植物类群分别以交织型、扇型、悬垂型苔藓植物占据优势;地生、树干附生、枝条附生苔藓植物的饱和持水率分别为476%DW、210.98%DW、238.95%DW;地生苔藓植物的持水率和失水速率均高于附生苔藓,树干附生苔藓植物持水率低于树枝附生苔藓,而失水速率高于树枝附生苔藓。在不同生活型苔藓的水分特性上,交织型苔藓具有较高的持水率和失水速率,保水性能较弱,其次为悬垂型苔藓,扇型苔藓的持水率最小,失水速率也较快;地生和树干附生苔藓的水分利用效率均显著高于树干附生苔藓,交织型和扇型苔藓的水分利用效率显著高于悬垂型苔藓。在三种生境下,地生苔藓持水力高,水分利用效率较高而保水能力低;枝条附生苔藓持水力低,水分利用效率低而保水能力较高;树干附生苔藓水分利用效率较高而持水力和保水能力均较差。因此,不同生境下苔藓植物生活型组成及其水分变化特性在一定程度上反映了它们对不同生境的适应策略。
In order to explore ecological adaptation strategies of bryophytes for different water conditions,we determined the water loss characteristics during natural desiccation and water use efficiency of dominated or common bryophyte species from terrestrial,trunk and branch in a moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountains. Our results demonstrated that weft,fan and pendant life-forms were dominated in terrestrial,bole epiphytic and branch epiphytic bryophytes respectively. Bryophytes from different microhabitats exhibited great variances of water-holding capacity and water loss rate: Water-holding capacity of bryophytes from three microhabitats was 476%DW,210.98%DW and 238.95%DW respectively; Water-holding capacity and water loss rate of terrestrial bryophytes were higher than these of the trunk-and branch-dwellers. Compared with branch-dwellers,the bole epiphytic bryophytes had lower water-holding capacity and higher water loss rate. Water holding capacity and water loss rate of bryophytes among different life-forms also exhibited significant differences: Weft life-form bryophytes exhibited higher water-holding capacity and higher water loss rate,indicating their weaker water retention capacity,followed by pendant bryophytes,and fan bryophytes had lowest water holding capacity and highest water loss rate. Water use efficiency of terrestrial bryophytes and bole epiphytic bryophytes were significantly higher than branch-dwellers. Weft and fan life-form bryophytes had higher water use efficiency than that of pendant bryophytes. The results indicated that water-holding capacity and water use efficiency of terrestrial bryophytes was higher while water retention capacity was poor; Water retention capacity of branch-dwellers was higher while water-holding capacity and water use efficiency was lower; Water use efficiency of trunk-dwellers was higher while both water-holding capacity and water retention capacity was poor. Life-form composition and water characteristics of bryophytes from terrestrial bryophytes,bole and branch epiphytic bryophytes indicated their adaptation strategies to different habitats to a certain extent. The results would provide a scientific reference for elucidating hydrological features of bryophytes under different microhabitats,and understanding ecological adaptation strategies of bryophyte.
In order to explore ecological adaptation strategies of bryophytes for different water conditions,we determined the water loss characteristics during natural desiccation and water use efficiency of dominated or common bryophyte species from terrestrial,trunk and branch in a moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountains. Our results demonstrated that weft,fan and pendant life-forms were dominated in terrestrial,bole epiphytic and branch epiphytic bryophytes respectively. Bryophytes from different microhabitats exhibited great variances of water-holding capacity and water loss rate: Water-holding capacity of bryophytes from three microhabitats was 476%DW,210.98%DW and 238.95%DW respectively; Water-holding capacity and water loss rate of terrestrial bryophytes were higher than these of the trunk-and branch-dwellers. Compared with branch-dwellers,the bole epiphytic bryophytes had lower water-holding capacity and higher water loss rate. Water holding capacity and water loss rate of bryophytes among different life-forms also exhibited significant differences: Weft life-form bryophytes exhibited higher water-holding capacity and higher water loss rate,indicating their weaker water retention capacity,followed by pendant bryophytes,and fan bryophytes had lowest water holding capacity and highest water loss rate. Water use efficiency of terrestrial bryophytes and bole epiphytic bryophytes were significantly higher than branch-dwellers. Weft and fan life-form bryophytes had higher water use efficiency than that of pendant bryophytes. The results indicated that water-holding capacity and water use efficiency of terrestrial bryophytes was higher while water retention capacity was poor; Water retention capacity of branch-dwellers was higher while water-holding capacity and water use efficiency was lower; Water use efficiency of trunk-dwellers was higher while both water-holding capacity and water retention capacity was poor. Life-form composition and water characteristics of bryophytes from terrestrial bryophytes,bole and branch epiphytic bryophytes indicated their adaptation strategies to different habitats to a certain extent. The results would provide a scientific reference for elucidating hydrological features of bryophytes under different microhabitats,and understanding ecological adaptation strategies of bryophyte.
引文
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FARRANT JM,MOORE JP,2011.Programming desiccationtolerance:From plants to seeds to resurrection plants[J].Curr Opin Plant Biol,14(3):340-345.
FISCHER RA,1979.Growth and water limitation to dryland wheat yield in Australia:A physiological framework[J].JAust Inst Agric Sci,45(2):83-94.
GUAN FR,RU YL,HU ZJ,et al.,2017.Host specificity of epiphytic bryophytes in Hangzhou[J].Chin J Ecol,36(1):61-66.[官飞荣,茹雅璐,胡忠健,等,2017.杭州市树附生苔藓植物的附生专一性[J].生态学杂志,36(1):61-66.]
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HUMPHREY JW,DAVEY S,PEACE AJ,et al.,2002.Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain:The influence of site type,stand structure and deadwood[J].Biol Conserv,170(2):165-180.
JIANG GM,HE WM,1999.Species and habitat variability of photosynthesis,transpiration and water use efficiency of different plant species in Maowusu sand area[J].Acta Bot Sin,41(10):1114-1124.[蒋高明,何维明,1999.毛乌素沙地若干植物光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率种间及生境间差异[J].植物学报(英文版),41(10):1114-1124.]
JIANG H,HUANG YH,ZHOU GY,et al.,2012.Acclimation in leaf morphological and eco-physiological characteristics of different canopy-dwelling epiphytes in a lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest[J].Plant Sci J,30(3):250-260.[江浩,黄钰辉,周国逸,等,2012.亚热带常绿阔叶林冠层附生植物叶片形态结构及生理功能特征的适应性研究[J].植物科学学报,30(3):250-260.]
JI MF,HAN HJ,2017.The study of photosynthetic characteristics of two moss species under different light condition[J].Pratac Sci,34(9):1787-1792.[姬明飞,韩鸿基,2017.两种藓类植物对光强的适应性差异[J].草业科学,34(9):1787-1792.]
KRUYS N,JONSSON BG,1999.Fine woody debris is important for species richness on logs in managed boreal spruce forests for northern Sweden[J].Can J For Res,29(8):1295-1299.
KURSCHNER H,FREY W,PAROLLY G,1999.Patterns and adaptive trends of life forms,life strategies and ecomorphological structures in tropical epiphytic bryophytes a pantropical synopsis[J].Nova Hedwigia,69(1-2):73-99.
KURSCHNER H,2004.Life strategies and adaptations in bryophytes from the Near and Middle East[J].Turk J Bot,28(1-2):73-84.
LEO'N-VARGAS Y,ENGWALD S,PROCTOR MCF,2006.Microclimate,light adaptation and desiccation tolerance of epiphytic bryophytes in two venezuelan cloud forests[J].J Biogeog,33(5):901-913.
LI S,LIU WY,WANG LS,et al.,2007.Species diversity and distribution of epiphytic lichens in the primary and secondary forests in Ailao Mountain,Yunnan[J].Biodivers Sci,15(5):445-455.[李苏,刘文耀,王立松,等,2007.云南哀牢山原生林及次生林群落附生地衣物种多样性与分布[J].生物多样性,15(5):445-455.]
LIU WY,MA WZ,YANG LP,2006.Advances in ecological studies on epiphytes in forest canopies[J].J Plant Ecol,30(3):522-533.[刘文耀,马文章,杨礼攀,2006.林冠附生植物生态学研究进展[J].植物生态学报,30(3):522-533.]
LIU WY,FOX JED,XU ZF,2002.Nutrient fluxes in bulk precipitation,throughfall and stemflow in montane subtropical moist forest on Ailao Mountains in Yunnan,South-West China[J].J Trop Ecol,18(4):527-548.
LIU WZ,1998.Dynamic interrelations of crop production,water consumption and water use efficiency[J].J Nat Resour,23(1):23-27.[刘文兆,1998.作物生产,水分消耗与水分利用效率间的动态联系[J].自然资源学报,23(1):23-27.]
LIU YH,1993.An analysis of the climatic resource of ground temperature in the north part of the Ailao Mountains Yunnan Province[J].J Nat Resour,8(2):158-165.[刘玉洪,1993.哀牢山北段山地的低温气候资源分析[J].自然资源学报,8(2):158-165]
MA WZ,LIU WY,SONG L,2011.Species composition and distribution of bryophytes on different substrate types in middle mountain moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountains,Yunnan[J].Plant Divers Resour,33(4):443-450.[马文章,刘文耀,宋亮,2011.哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林不同生长基质苔藓植物的组成与分布特征[J].植物分类与资源学报,33(4):443-450]
MA WZ,2009.The composition and biomass of epiphytic materials and their relationships with ecological factors in Xujiaba region from Ailao Mountain,Yunnan[D].Beijing:Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:22-23.[马文章,2009.云南哀牢山徐家坝地区附生(植)物的组成、生物量及其与生态因子的关系[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院:22-23.]
MALSON K,RYDIN H,2009.Competitive hierarchy,but no competitive exclusions in experiments with rich fen bryophytes[J].J Bryol,31(1):41-45.
PETTER G,WAGNER K,WANEK W,et al.,2016.Functional leaf traits of vascular epiphytes:Vertical trends within the forest,intra-and interspecific trait variability,and taxonomic signals[J].Funct Ecol,30(2):188-198.
PROCTOR MCF,2004.Light and desiccation responses of Weymouthia mollis and W.cochlearifolia,two pendulous rainforest epiphytes from Australia and New Zealand[J].JBryol,26(3):167-173.
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