桃蛀螟对青霉菌侵染苹果的产卵选择与行为趋向反应
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摘要
为探明桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis偏好于在青霉菌Penicillium侵染的苹果上产卵的特点与机理,从苹果、玉米和柑橘上分离、纯化获得15株青霉菌,通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定后,以健康苹果为对照,测试不同青霉菌菌株侵染的苹果对桃蛀螟产卵选择的影响,并利用四臂嗅觉仪测试桃蛀螟对青霉菌诱导的苹果挥发物的行为趋向反应。结果表明,15株青霉菌分别属于皮落青霉P. crustosum、橘青霉P. citrinum、苏门答腊青霉P. sumatrense和指状青霉P. digitatum的不同株型;桃蛀螟对其中的12株青霉菌侵染的苹果的产卵选择率均极显著高于健康苹果,尤其对皮落青霉CO5菌株、苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株侵染的苹果的产卵选择率最高,分别达到67.73%、61.50%和68.39%;桃蛀螟对感染皮落青霉CO5菌株和指状青霉OR5菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率分别为31.37%和29.19%,均显著高于对感染橘青霉OR1菌株和苏门答腊青霉OR3菌株的苹果挥发物的选择率18.14%和21.31%,且前二者之间、后二者之间均无显著差异。表明青霉菌可通过影响寄主植物挥发物释放,从而影响桃蛀螟对寄主植物的产卵选择和行为趋向反应。
To illustrate the characteristics and mechanisms of oviposition preference of yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée) for Penicillium-inoculated apples, 15 Penicillium strains were isolated from apples, corns and oranges, and identified by morphological and molecular characters(sequences of rDNA-ITS). The attractiveness of apples infected by each Penicillium strain to C. punctiferalis was tested using oviposition selection, with healthy apples as control, and the behavioral tendency of C. punctiferalis to volatiles emitted from the apples infected by different Penicillium species was tested using four-arm olfactometer. The results showed that the 15 Penicillium strains belonged to P. crustosum, P. citrinum, P. sumatrense and P. digitatum, respectively. The oviposition selection rates of C.punctiferalis on the apples infected by 12 of the 15 Penicillium strains were significantly higher than those on healthy apples. Especially, the oviposition selection rates on the apples infected by the strains of P. crustosum CO5, P. sumatrense OR3 and P. digitatum OR5 reached 67.73%, 61.50% and 68.39%,respectively. The results of the behavioral tendency test showed that the selection rates of C. punctiferalis for P. crustosum CO5-(31.37%) and P. digitatum OR5-infected(29.19%) apples were both significantly higher than those for P. citrinum OR1-(18.14%) and P. sumatrense OR3-infected(21.31%) apples. However, the selection rates between P. crustosum-and P. digitatum-infected apples, as well as between P. citrinum-and P. sumatrense-infected apples, were not significantly different. It was suggested that Penicillium fungi could exert influence on the oviposition selection and behavioral tendency of C.punctiferalis to host plants, via affecting the emission of host plant volatiles.
To illustrate the characteristics and mechanisms of oviposition preference of yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée) for Penicillium-inoculated apples, 15 Penicillium strains were isolated from apples, corns and oranges, and identified by morphological and molecular characters(sequences of rDNA-ITS). The attractiveness of apples infected by each Penicillium strain to C. punctiferalis was tested using oviposition selection, with healthy apples as control, and the behavioral tendency of C. punctiferalis to volatiles emitted from the apples infected by different Penicillium species was tested using four-arm olfactometer. The results showed that the 15 Penicillium strains belonged to P. crustosum, P. citrinum, P. sumatrense and P. digitatum, respectively. The oviposition selection rates of C.punctiferalis on the apples infected by 12 of the 15 Penicillium strains were significantly higher than those on healthy apples. Especially, the oviposition selection rates on the apples infected by the strains of P. crustosum CO5, P. sumatrense OR3 and P. digitatum OR5 reached 67.73%, 61.50% and 68.39%,respectively. The results of the behavioral tendency test showed that the selection rates of C. punctiferalis for P. crustosum CO5-(31.37%) and P. digitatum OR5-infected(29.19%) apples were both significantly higher than those for P. citrinum OR1-(18.14%) and P. sumatrense OR3-infected(21.31%) apples. However, the selection rates between P. crustosum-and P. digitatum-infected apples, as well as between P. citrinum-and P. sumatrense-infected apples, were not significantly different. It was suggested that Penicillium fungi could exert influence on the oviposition selection and behavioral tendency of C.punctiferalis to host plants, via affecting the emission of host plant volatiles.
引文
Bernays E,Graham M.1988.On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods.Ecology,69(4):886-892
Chaudhury MF,Skoda SR,Sagel A,Welch JB.2010.Volatiles emitted from eight would-isolated bacteria differentially attract gravid screwworms(Diptera:Calliphoridae)to oviposit.Journal of Medical Entomology,47(3):349-354
Chen BX,Dong YZ,Liang GW,Lu H.2010.Effects of volatiles from chestnut on host preference of adult Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(2):464-469(in Chinese)[陈炳旭,董易之,梁广文,陆恒.2010.板栗挥发物对桃蛀螟成虫寄主选择行为的影响.应用生态学报,21(2):464-469]
Davis TS,Crippen TL,Hofstetter RW,Tomberlin JK.2013.Microbial volatile emissions as insect semiochemicals.Journal of Chemical Ecology,39(7):840-859
Davis TS,Landolt PJ.2013.A survey of insect assemblages responding to volatiles from a ubiquitous fungus in an agricultural landscape.Journal of Chemical Ecology,39(7):860-868
Du YL,Guo HM,Sun SL,Zhang MZ,Zhang AH,Wang JB,Qin L.2012.Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,55(5):561-569(in Chinese)[杜艳丽,郭洪梅,孙淑玲,张民照,张爱环,王金宝,秦岭.2012.温度对桃蛀螟生长发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,55(5):561-569]
Du YL,Zhang JX,Yan ZG,Ma YQ,Yang MM,Zhang MZ,Zhang ZY,Qin L,Cao QQ.2016.Host preference and performance of the yellow peach moth(Conogethes punctiferalis)on chestnut cultivars.PLoS ONE,11(6):e0157609
Du YL,Zhang MZ,Ma YQ,Sun SL,Wang JB,Liu JL,Qin L.2014.Formulation screening of sex pheromones and field trapping tests for the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Journal of Plant Protection,41(2):187-191(in Chinese)[杜艳丽,张民照,马永强,孙淑玲,王金宝,刘建玲,秦岭.2014.桃蛀螟性诱剂配方筛选与田间引诱试验.植物保护学报,41(2):187-191]
Faber T,Joerges J,Menzel R.1999.Associative learning modifies neural representations of odors in the insect brain.Nature Neuroscience,2(1):74-78
Fang ZD.1979.Research methods of plant pathology.Beijing:Agriculture Press,pp.108-109(in Chinese)[方中达.1979.植病研究方法.北京:农业出版社,pp.108-109]
Gao W,Li BJ,Shi YX,Xie XW.2011.Studies on pathogenicity differentiation of Corynespora cassiicola isolates,against cucumber,tomato and eggplant.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38(3):465-470(in Chinese)[高苇,李宝聚,石延霞,谢学文.2011.多主棒孢菌在黄瓜、番茄和茄子寄主上致病力的分化.园艺学报,38(3):465-470]
García-Robledo C,Horvitz CC.2012.Parent-offspring conflicts,“optimal bad motherhood”and the“mother knows best”principles in insect herbivores colonizing novel host plants.Ecology and Evolution,2(7):1446-1457
Giurfa M.2013.Cognition with few neurons:higher-order learning in insects.Trends in Neurosciences,36(5):285-294
He ZD,Gao ZG,Gao YF,Zhao BX,Zhang XF.2010.ITS sequence of Trichoderma species in soil planted vegetables in the greenhouse and UP-PCR analysis on genetic diversity.Journal of Plant Protection,37(5):459-465(in Chinese)[贺字典,高增贵,高玉峰,赵柏霞,张小飞.2010.蔬菜保护地木霉菌r DNA-ITS序列和UP-PCR遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报,37(5):459-465]
Herrera CM,García IM,Pérez R.2008.Invisible floral larcenies:microbial communities degrade floral nectar of bumble bee-pollinated plants.Ecology,89(9):2369-2376
Honda H,Ishiwatari T,Matsumoto Y.1988.Fungal volatiles as oviposition attractants for the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,34(3):205-211
Hughes DP,Anderson SB,Hywel-Jones NL,Himaman W,Billen J,Boomsma JJ.2011.Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection.BMCEcology,11:13
Kong HZ.2007.Flora fungorum sinicorum Vol.35:Penicillium et teleomorphi cognati.Beijing:Science Press,pp.121-173(in Chinese)[孔华忠.2007.中国真菌志第三十五卷:青霉属及其相关有性型属.北京:科学出版社,pp.121-173]
Karlshoj K,Larsen TO.2005.Differentiation of species from the Penicillium roqueforti group by volatile metabolite profiling.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,53(3):708-715
Lu JQ,Wang ZY,He KL,Liu Y.2010.Research history,progresses and prospects in the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis.Plant Protection,36(2):31-38(in Chinese)[鹿金秋,王振营,何康来,刘勇.2010.桃蛀螟研究的历史、现状与展望.植物保护,36(2):31-38]
Luo ZX,Honda H.2015.Function of plant odors in oviposition behaviors of the yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Applied Entomology and Zoology,50(3):347-353
Nawrath T,Mgode GF,Weetjens B,Kaufmann SHE,Schulz S.2012.The volatiles of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria and related bacteria.Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry,8:290-299
Qin JD,Wang CZ.2001.The relation of interaction between insects and plants to evolution.Acta Entomologica Sinica,44(3):360-365(in Chinese)[钦俊德,王琛柱.2001.论昆虫与植物的相互作用和进化的关系.昆虫学报,44(3):360-365]
Raguso RA.2008.Wake up and smell the roses:the ecology and evolution of floral scent.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,39:549-569
Welter SC,Pickel C,Millar J,Cave F,van Steenwyk RA,Dunley J.2005.Pheromone mating disruption offers selective management options for key pests.California Agriculture,59(1):16-22
Witzgall P,Proffit M,Rozpedowska E,Becher PG,Andreadis S,Coracini M,Lindblom TUT,Ream LJ,Hagman A,Bengtsson M,et al.2012.“This is not an apple”-yeast mutualism in codling moth.Journal of Chemical Ecology,38(8):949-957
Witzgall P,Stelinski L,Gut L,Thomson D.2008.Codling moth management and chemical ecology.Annual Review of Entomology,53:503-522
Xu M,Heidmarsson S,Thorsteinsdottir M,Eiriksson FF,Omarsdottir S,Olafsdottir ES.2017.DNA barcoding and LC-MS metabolite profiling of the lichen-forming genus Melanelia:specimen identification and discrimination focusing on Icelandic taxa.PLoSONE,12(5):e0178012
Zhang DZ,Li PC,Chen XX,Wang CX,Yu JF.2016.Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing wheat common root rot in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):233-240(in Chinese)[张德珍,李鹏昌,陈晓霞,王彩霞,于金凤.2016.山东省小麦根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定.植物保护学报,43(2):233-240]
Zhang PJ,Lu YB,Zalucki MP,Liu SS.2012.Relationship between adult oviposition preference and larval performance of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella.Journal of Pest Science,85(2):247-252
Zhang TT,Liu CY,Zhao KH,Liang CH,Guan TS,Wang H,Huang JS.2011.Identification of phytopathogenic Fusarium causing pepper soil-borne diseases in Liaoning Province and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA-ITS.Plant Protection,37(5):101-105(in Chinese)[张亭亭,刘长远,赵奎华,梁春浩,关天舒,王辉,黄俊生.2011.辽宁省辣椒土传病害镰刀菌鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析.植物保护,37(5):101-105]
Zheng YX,LüWH.2015.Isolation and identification of strain fungi associated with Daemonorops margaritae Cane.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,30(5):219-223(in Chinese)[郑雅娴,吕文华.2015.黄藤材主要变色菌的分离和鉴定.西北林学院学报,30(5):219-223]
Zhou Q,Liang GW.2001.The plant volatiles and their effect on host location of aphids.Entomological Knowledge,38(5):334-336(in Chinese)[周琼,梁广文.2001.植物挥发性物质在蚜虫寄主定位中的作用.昆虫知识,38(5):334-336]
Chaudhury MF,Skoda SR,Sagel A,Welch JB.2010.Volatiles emitted from eight would-isolated bacteria differentially attract gravid screwworms(Diptera:Calliphoridae)to oviposit.Journal of Medical Entomology,47(3):349-354
Chen BX,Dong YZ,Liang GW,Lu H.2010.Effects of volatiles from chestnut on host preference of adult Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(2):464-469(in Chinese)[陈炳旭,董易之,梁广文,陆恒.2010.板栗挥发物对桃蛀螟成虫寄主选择行为的影响.应用生态学报,21(2):464-469]
Davis TS,Crippen TL,Hofstetter RW,Tomberlin JK.2013.Microbial volatile emissions as insect semiochemicals.Journal of Chemical Ecology,39(7):840-859
Davis TS,Landolt PJ.2013.A survey of insect assemblages responding to volatiles from a ubiquitous fungus in an agricultural landscape.Journal of Chemical Ecology,39(7):860-868
Du YL,Guo HM,Sun SL,Zhang MZ,Zhang AH,Wang JB,Qin L.2012.Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Acta Entomologica Sinica,55(5):561-569(in Chinese)[杜艳丽,郭洪梅,孙淑玲,张民照,张爱环,王金宝,秦岭.2012.温度对桃蛀螟生长发育和繁殖的影响.昆虫学报,55(5):561-569]
Du YL,Zhang JX,Yan ZG,Ma YQ,Yang MM,Zhang MZ,Zhang ZY,Qin L,Cao QQ.2016.Host preference and performance of the yellow peach moth(Conogethes punctiferalis)on chestnut cultivars.PLoS ONE,11(6):e0157609
Du YL,Zhang MZ,Ma YQ,Sun SL,Wang JB,Liu JL,Qin L.2014.Formulation screening of sex pheromones and field trapping tests for the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Journal of Plant Protection,41(2):187-191(in Chinese)[杜艳丽,张民照,马永强,孙淑玲,王金宝,刘建玲,秦岭.2014.桃蛀螟性诱剂配方筛选与田间引诱试验.植物保护学报,41(2):187-191]
Faber T,Joerges J,Menzel R.1999.Associative learning modifies neural representations of odors in the insect brain.Nature Neuroscience,2(1):74-78
Fang ZD.1979.Research methods of plant pathology.Beijing:Agriculture Press,pp.108-109(in Chinese)[方中达.1979.植病研究方法.北京:农业出版社,pp.108-109]
Gao W,Li BJ,Shi YX,Xie XW.2011.Studies on pathogenicity differentiation of Corynespora cassiicola isolates,against cucumber,tomato and eggplant.Acta Horticulturae Sinica,38(3):465-470(in Chinese)[高苇,李宝聚,石延霞,谢学文.2011.多主棒孢菌在黄瓜、番茄和茄子寄主上致病力的分化.园艺学报,38(3):465-470]
García-Robledo C,Horvitz CC.2012.Parent-offspring conflicts,“optimal bad motherhood”and the“mother knows best”principles in insect herbivores colonizing novel host plants.Ecology and Evolution,2(7):1446-1457
Giurfa M.2013.Cognition with few neurons:higher-order learning in insects.Trends in Neurosciences,36(5):285-294
He ZD,Gao ZG,Gao YF,Zhao BX,Zhang XF.2010.ITS sequence of Trichoderma species in soil planted vegetables in the greenhouse and UP-PCR analysis on genetic diversity.Journal of Plant Protection,37(5):459-465(in Chinese)[贺字典,高增贵,高玉峰,赵柏霞,张小飞.2010.蔬菜保护地木霉菌r DNA-ITS序列和UP-PCR遗传多样性分析.植物保护学报,37(5):459-465]
Herrera CM,García IM,Pérez R.2008.Invisible floral larcenies:microbial communities degrade floral nectar of bumble bee-pollinated plants.Ecology,89(9):2369-2376
Honda H,Ishiwatari T,Matsumoto Y.1988.Fungal volatiles as oviposition attractants for the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae).Journal of Insect Physiology,34(3):205-211
Hughes DP,Anderson SB,Hywel-Jones NL,Himaman W,Billen J,Boomsma JJ.2011.Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection.BMCEcology,11:13
Kong HZ.2007.Flora fungorum sinicorum Vol.35:Penicillium et teleomorphi cognati.Beijing:Science Press,pp.121-173(in Chinese)[孔华忠.2007.中国真菌志第三十五卷:青霉属及其相关有性型属.北京:科学出版社,pp.121-173]
Karlshoj K,Larsen TO.2005.Differentiation of species from the Penicillium roqueforti group by volatile metabolite profiling.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,53(3):708-715
Lu JQ,Wang ZY,He KL,Liu Y.2010.Research history,progresses and prospects in the yellow peach moth,Conogethes punctiferalis.Plant Protection,36(2):31-38(in Chinese)[鹿金秋,王振营,何康来,刘勇.2010.桃蛀螟研究的历史、现状与展望.植物保护,36(2):31-38]
Luo ZX,Honda H.2015.Function of plant odors in oviposition behaviors of the yellow peach moth Conogethes punctiferalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Applied Entomology and Zoology,50(3):347-353
Nawrath T,Mgode GF,Weetjens B,Kaufmann SHE,Schulz S.2012.The volatiles of pathogenic and nonpathogenic mycobacteria and related bacteria.Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry,8:290-299
Qin JD,Wang CZ.2001.The relation of interaction between insects and plants to evolution.Acta Entomologica Sinica,44(3):360-365(in Chinese)[钦俊德,王琛柱.2001.论昆虫与植物的相互作用和进化的关系.昆虫学报,44(3):360-365]
Raguso RA.2008.Wake up and smell the roses:the ecology and evolution of floral scent.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,39:549-569
Welter SC,Pickel C,Millar J,Cave F,van Steenwyk RA,Dunley J.2005.Pheromone mating disruption offers selective management options for key pests.California Agriculture,59(1):16-22
Witzgall P,Proffit M,Rozpedowska E,Becher PG,Andreadis S,Coracini M,Lindblom TUT,Ream LJ,Hagman A,Bengtsson M,et al.2012.“This is not an apple”-yeast mutualism in codling moth.Journal of Chemical Ecology,38(8):949-957
Witzgall P,Stelinski L,Gut L,Thomson D.2008.Codling moth management and chemical ecology.Annual Review of Entomology,53:503-522
Xu M,Heidmarsson S,Thorsteinsdottir M,Eiriksson FF,Omarsdottir S,Olafsdottir ES.2017.DNA barcoding and LC-MS metabolite profiling of the lichen-forming genus Melanelia:specimen identification and discrimination focusing on Icelandic taxa.PLoSONE,12(5):e0178012
Zhang DZ,Li PC,Chen XX,Wang CX,Yu JF.2016.Isolation and identification of the pathogens causing wheat common root rot in Shandong Province.Journal of Plant Protection,43(2):233-240(in Chinese)[张德珍,李鹏昌,陈晓霞,王彩霞,于金凤.2016.山东省小麦根腐病病原菌的分离鉴定.植物保护学报,43(2):233-240]
Zhang PJ,Lu YB,Zalucki MP,Liu SS.2012.Relationship between adult oviposition preference and larval performance of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella.Journal of Pest Science,85(2):247-252
Zhang TT,Liu CY,Zhao KH,Liang CH,Guan TS,Wang H,Huang JS.2011.Identification of phytopathogenic Fusarium causing pepper soil-borne diseases in Liaoning Province and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA-ITS.Plant Protection,37(5):101-105(in Chinese)[张亭亭,刘长远,赵奎华,梁春浩,关天舒,王辉,黄俊生.2011.辽宁省辣椒土传病害镰刀菌鉴定及rDNA-ITS序列分析.植物保护,37(5):101-105]
Zheng YX,LüWH.2015.Isolation and identification of strain fungi associated with Daemonorops margaritae Cane.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,30(5):219-223(in Chinese)[郑雅娴,吕文华.2015.黄藤材主要变色菌的分离和鉴定.西北林学院学报,30(5):219-223]
Zhou Q,Liang GW.2001.The plant volatiles and their effect on host location of aphids.Entomological Knowledge,38(5):334-336(in Chinese)[周琼,梁广文.2001.植物挥发性物质在蚜虫寄主定位中的作用.昆虫知识,38(5):334-336]
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