辽东低山区5种典型水源涵养林枯落物持水特性
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摘要
对辽东低山区5种水源涵养林枯落物持水特性进行研究,可以为该区水源涵养林的营造、科学经营提供理论依据。2018年6月在辽宁省抚顺县国有温道林场选取纯林(落叶松林(Larix olgensis)、油松林(Pinus tabuliformis)、红松林(Pinus koraiensis)、刺槐林(Robinia pseudoacacia)和杂木林为研究对象,调查各林分枯落物厚度、蓄积量等,并用浸泡法测定最大持水量、最大持水率,建立持水量、吸水速率与浸水时间之间的关系。结果表明:(1)5种林分枯落物厚度3.6～7.8 cm,平均厚度6.2 cm;蓄积量15.40～50.38 t·hm-2,平均值30.42 t·hm-2。(2)枯落物最大持水量13.61～27.21 t·hm-2,大小排序为杂木林>落叶松林>刺槐林>红松林>油松林;最大持水率变化稍有不同,依次为刺槐林>落叶松林>杂木林>红松林>油松林。(3)枯落物有效拦蓄量19.60～142.67 t·hm-2,大小排序为落叶松林>红松林>杂木林>刺槐林>油松林。(4)回归分析表明,枯落物持水量与浸水时间符合关系式Q=alnt+b,相关系数R2均大于0.80;吸水速率与浸水时间符合关系式V=ctn,相关系数R2均大于0.99。综上,落叶松林、红松林枯落物蓄积量最大、持水能力和有效拦蓄能力均较强,刺槐林、杂木林次之,油松林较差。
Understanding water-holding characteristics of litter of different water conservation forests in the low mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning can provide theoretical basis for construction and management of water conservation forests. In June 2018,we investigated the thickness and stock volume of litter in pure forests( Larix olgensis,Pinus tabuliformis,P. koraiensis,Robinia pseudoacacia) and a mixed forest in state-owned Wendao Forest Farm of Fushun County,Liaoning Province. The maximum water-holding capacity,maximum water-holding rate and other indices were measured by soaking method. The relationship between water-holding capacity,water absorption rate and soaking time of litter was established. The results showed that:( 1) The thickness of litter layer in five stands ranged from 3.6 to 7.8 cm,with an average value of 6.2 cm.The stock volume of litter was between 15.40 and 50.38 t·hm-2,with an average value of 30.42 t·hm-2.( 2) The maximum water-holding capacity was between 13.61 and 27.21 t·hm-2,with a rank of mixed forest>L. olgensis forest >R. pseudoacacia forest >P. koraiensis forest >P. tabuliformis forest. The maximum water-holding rate changed slightly,with the order of R. pseudoacacia forest >L. olgensis forest >mixed forest>P. koraiensis forest >P. tabuliformis forest.( 3) The effective water storage capacity of litter was between 19.60 and 142.67 t·hm-2,with an order of L.olgensis forest >P. koraiensis forest >mixed forest>R. pseudoacacia forest >P. tabuliformis forest.( 4) The relationship between water-holding capacity and soaking time fitted well with equation as Q = alnt+b,with correlation coefficient( R2) greater than 0.80. The relationship between water absorption rate and soaking time followed equation as V = ctn,with R2 over 0.99. In conclusion,litter volume,water-holding capacity,and effective water storage capacity of L. olgensis forest and P. koraiensis forest were the highest,followed by R. pseudoacacia forest and mixed forest,P. tabuliformis forest was the worst.
Understanding water-holding characteristics of litter of different water conservation forests in the low mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning can provide theoretical basis for construction and management of water conservation forests. In June 2018,we investigated the thickness and stock volume of litter in pure forests( Larix olgensis,Pinus tabuliformis,P. koraiensis,Robinia pseudoacacia) and a mixed forest in state-owned Wendao Forest Farm of Fushun County,Liaoning Province. The maximum water-holding capacity,maximum water-holding rate and other indices were measured by soaking method. The relationship between water-holding capacity,water absorption rate and soaking time of litter was established. The results showed that:( 1) The thickness of litter layer in five stands ranged from 3.6 to 7.8 cm,with an average value of 6.2 cm.The stock volume of litter was between 15.40 and 50.38 t·hm-2,with an average value of 30.42 t·hm-2.( 2) The maximum water-holding capacity was between 13.61 and 27.21 t·hm-2,with a rank of mixed forest>L. olgensis forest >R. pseudoacacia forest >P. koraiensis forest >P. tabuliformis forest. The maximum water-holding rate changed slightly,with the order of R. pseudoacacia forest >L. olgensis forest >mixed forest>P. koraiensis forest >P. tabuliformis forest.( 3) The effective water storage capacity of litter was between 19.60 and 142.67 t·hm-2,with an order of L.olgensis forest >P. koraiensis forest >mixed forest>R. pseudoacacia forest >P. tabuliformis forest.( 4) The relationship between water-holding capacity and soaking time fitted well with equation as Q = alnt+b,with correlation coefficient( R2) greater than 0.80. The relationship between water absorption rate and soaking time followed equation as V = ctn,with R2 over 0.99. In conclusion,litter volume,water-holding capacity,and effective water storage capacity of L. olgensis forest and P. koraiensis forest were the highest,followed by R. pseudoacacia forest and mixed forest,P. tabuliformis forest was the worst.
引文
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李民义,张建军,郭宝妮,等.2013.晋西黄土区不同密度油松人工林林下植物多样性及水文效应.生态学杂志,32(5):1083-1090.
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刘艳,孙向阳,范俊岗,等.2017.辽宁省森林枯落物现存量及其持水性能.应用基础与工程科学学报,25(4):689-699.
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刘立国.2015a.辽宁东部山区枯落物持水性能研究.林业调查规划,40(6):145-152.
刘立国.2015b.辽宁东部山区森林枯落物蓄积量研究.山东林业科技,45(5):10-13.
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吕刚,王磊,李叶鑫,等.2017.辽西低山丘陵区针叶林与阔叶林枯落物持水性对比.中国水土保持科学,15(4):51-59.
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田超,杨新兵,李军,等.2011.冀北山地不同海拔蒙古栎林枯落物和土壤水文效应.水土保持学报,25(4):221-226.
王礼先,张志强.1998.森林植被变化的水文生态效应研究进展.世界林业研究,11(6):15-23.
王士永,余新晓,贾国栋,等.2011.北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应.水土保持学报,9(5):42-47.
王佑民.2000.中国林地枯落物持水保土作用研究概况.水土保持学报,14(4):108-113.
温远光,刘世荣.1995.我国主要森林生态系统类型降水截留规律的数量分析.林业科学,17(4):289-298.
吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.1998.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,4(2):23-38.
杨吉华,张永涛,李红云,等.2003.不同林分枯落物的持水性能及对表层土壤理化性状的影响.水土保持学报,17(2):141-144.
张腾达,陶建平,王玉平.2014.两种生境下不同生活型植物凋落叶的持水特性.生态学杂志,33(2):310-315.
张振明,余新晓,牛健植,等.2005.不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能.水土保持学报,19(3):139-143.
周娟,陈丽华,郭文体,等.2013.大辽河流域水源涵养林枯落物持水特性研究.水土保持通报,33(4):136-141.
Burrows CR,Appold MS.2015.Hydrology of the Forest City basin,Mid-Continent,USA:Implications for CO2sequestration in the St.Peter Sandstone.Environmental Earth scieences,73:1409-1425.
Ent RJ,Coenders AMJ,Nikoli R,et al.2012.The importance of proper hydrology in the forest cover-water yield debate:Commentary on Ellison et al.(2012)Global Change Biology.Global Change Biology,18:2677-2680.
Gabarron-Galeoto MA,Martinez-Murillo JF,Ruizsinoga JD.2012.Relevant effects of vegetal cover and litter on the soil hydrological response of two contrasting Mediterranean hill slopes at the end of the dry season(south of Spain).Hydrological Processes,26:1729-1738.
Gholami L,Banasik K,Sadeghi SH,et al.2014.Effectiveness of straw mulch on infiltration,splash erosion,runoff and sediment in laboratory conditions.Journal of Water and Land Development,22:51-60.
Moore TR,Trofymon JA,Taylor B,et al.1999.Litter decomposition rates in Canadian forests.Global Change Biology,5:75-82.
常雅军,曹靖,马建伟,等.2008.秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物持水特性.应用生态学报,19(11):2346-2351.
陈波,孟成生,杨新兵,等.2012.冀北山地不同海拔华北落叶松人工林枯落物和土壤水文效应.水土保持学报,26(3):216-221.
高人,周广柱.2002.辽宁东部山区几种主要森林植被类型枯落物层持水性能研究.沈阳农业大学学报,33(2):115-118.
公博,师忱,何会宾,等.2019.冀北山区6种人工林的林地水源涵养能力.干旱区资源与环境,33(3):165-170.
韩春,陈宁,孙杉,等.2019.森林生态系统水文调节功能及机制研究进展.生态学杂志,38(7):2191-2199.
侯贵荣,毕华兴,魏曦,等.2018.黄土残塬沟壑区3种林地枯落物和土壤水源涵养功能.水土保持学报,32(2):357-363.
胡淑萍,余新晓,岳永杰.2008.北京百花山森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究.水土保持学报,22(1):146-150.
李民义,张建军,郭宝妮,等.2013.晋西黄土区不同密度油松人工林林下植物多样性及水文效应.生态学杂志,32(5):1083-1090.
梁晓娇,王树力.2017.阿什河源头不同类型红松人工林枯落物及其土壤水文特性.水土保持学报,31(1):140-145+152.
刘凯,贺康宁,王先棒.2018.青海高寒区不同密度白桦林枯落物水文效应.北京林业大学学报,40(1):89-97.
刘艳,孙向阳,范俊岗,等.2017.辽宁省森林枯落物现存量及其持水性能.应用基础与工程科学学报,25(4):689-699.
刘宇,郭建斌,王彦辉,等.2016.宁夏六盘山不同密度华北落叶松人工林枯落物水文效应.北京林业大学学报,38(8):36-44.
刘立国.2015a.辽宁东部山区枯落物持水性能研究.林业调查规划,40(6):145-152.
刘立国.2015b.辽宁东部山区森林枯落物蓄积量研究.山东林业科技,45(5):10-13.
刘世荣,温远光,王兵,等.1996.中国森林生态系统水文生态功能规律.北京:中国林业出版社.
吕刚,王磊,李叶鑫,等.2017.辽西低山丘陵区针叶林与阔叶林枯落物持水性对比.中国水土保持科学,15(4):51-59.
马雪华.1987.森林与水.北京:中国林业出版社.
田超,杨新兵,李军,等.2011.冀北山地不同海拔蒙古栎林枯落物和土壤水文效应.水土保持学报,25(4):221-226.
王礼先,张志强.1998.森林植被变化的水文生态效应研究进展.世界林业研究,11(6):15-23.
王士永,余新晓,贾国栋,等.2011.北京山区主要人工林枯落物水文效应.水土保持学报,9(5):42-47.
王佑民.2000.中国林地枯落物持水保土作用研究概况.水土保持学报,14(4):108-113.
温远光,刘世荣.1995.我国主要森林生态系统类型降水截留规律的数量分析.林业科学,17(4):289-298.
吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.1998.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价.土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,4(2):23-38.
杨吉华,张永涛,李红云,等.2003.不同林分枯落物的持水性能及对表层土壤理化性状的影响.水土保持学报,17(2):141-144.
张腾达,陶建平,王玉平.2014.两种生境下不同生活型植物凋落叶的持水特性.生态学杂志,33(2):310-315.
张振明,余新晓,牛健植,等.2005.不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能.水土保持学报,19(3):139-143.
周娟,陈丽华,郭文体,等.2013.大辽河流域水源涵养林枯落物持水特性研究.水土保持通报,33(4):136-141.
Burrows CR,Appold MS.2015.Hydrology of the Forest City basin,Mid-Continent,USA:Implications for CO2sequestration in the St.Peter Sandstone.Environmental Earth scieences,73:1409-1425.
Ent RJ,Coenders AMJ,Nikoli R,et al.2012.The importance of proper hydrology in the forest cover-water yield debate:Commentary on Ellison et al.(2012)Global Change Biology.Global Change Biology,18:2677-2680.
Gabarron-Galeoto MA,Martinez-Murillo JF,Ruizsinoga JD.2012.Relevant effects of vegetal cover and litter on the soil hydrological response of two contrasting Mediterranean hill slopes at the end of the dry season(south of Spain).Hydrological Processes,26:1729-1738.
Gholami L,Banasik K,Sadeghi SH,et al.2014.Effectiveness of straw mulch on infiltration,splash erosion,runoff and sediment in laboratory conditions.Journal of Water and Land Development,22:51-60.
Moore TR,Trofymon JA,Taylor B,et al.1999.Litter decomposition rates in Canadian forests.Global Change Biology,5:75-82.