“生态驾驶”在北京市推广的节能减排潜力分析
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摘要
着眼于优化个体驾驶行为是现阶段解决北京交通领域细颗粒物(PM2.5)排放的突破口,通过对出租车驾驶员在实际路况驾驶行为进行监测,综合分析车辆百公里油耗、7种驾驶行为对车辆油耗的影响,进而评估北京市实施"生态驾驶"的节能减排潜力。结果表明:生态驾驶等级提升潜力可达15%～30%;平均速度、急加速、急减速、长时怠速、频繁刹车等行为的提升潜力较高,均在10%以上;通过推广生态驾驶,北京市年可实现节油16万t,减排氮氧化物598 t,减排二氧化碳47.5万t。
Focusing on optimizing individual driving behavior is the breakthrough to solve the fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) emissions in Beijing's transportation sector at this stage, through the monitoring of the driving behavior of the taxi driver in the actual road conditions, comprehensively analyzing fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of vehicles, the impact of 7 driving behaviors on vehicle fuel consumption, and then assessing the energy saving and emission reduction potential of implementing "eco-driving" in Beijing. The results show: "eco-driving" level improvement potential can reach 15%～30%; average speed, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, long-term idle speed, and frequent braking have a higher potential for improvement, all of which are above 10%. Through promotion and application, Beijing can save 160, 000 tons of fuel per year, reduce 598 tons of nitrogen oxides, reduce 475, 000 tons of carbon dioxide.
Focusing on optimizing individual driving behavior is the breakthrough to solve the fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) emissions in Beijing's transportation sector at this stage, through the monitoring of the driving behavior of the taxi driver in the actual road conditions, comprehensively analyzing fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of vehicles, the impact of 7 driving behaviors on vehicle fuel consumption, and then assessing the energy saving and emission reduction potential of implementing "eco-driving" in Beijing. The results show: "eco-driving" level improvement potential can reach 15%～30%; average speed, rapid acceleration, rapid deceleration, long-term idle speed, and frequent braking have a higher potential for improvement, all of which are above 10%. Through promotion and application, Beijing can save 160, 000 tons of fuel per year, reduce 598 tons of nitrogen oxides, reduce 475, 000 tons of carbon dioxide.
引文
[1]叶玉.西方国家力推“生态驾驶”[J].环境保护,2008,(17):73-74.
[2]Ericsson E..Independent driving pattern factors and their influence on fuel use and exhaust emission factors[J].Transportation Research Part D,2001,(6):325-345.
[3]Beusen B.,Broekx S.,Denys T.,et al.Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course[J].Transportation Research Part D,2009,(14):514-520.
[4]Ebru D.,Linda S.,Patricia D..The influence of multiple goals on driving behavior:The case of safety,time saving,and fuel saving[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011,43:1635-1643.
[5]张浩.基于燃油经济性的驾驶员换档品质研究[J].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[6]俞伟民,李训东.常见不良驾驶习惯及其对油耗的影响分析[J].汽车维护与修理,2011,(5):78-80.
[7]刘莹,蔡静,王根城,等.关于北京市交通节能减排发展策略的思考[C].协同发展与交通实践-2015年中国城市交通规划年会暨第28次学术研讨会论文集,2015.
[8]赵晓华,姚莹,伍毅平,等.基于主成分分析与BP神经元网络的驾驶能耗组合预测模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(5):185-191.
[9]曾诚,蔡凤田,刘莉,等.不同驾驶操作方法下的汽车运行燃料消耗量分析[J].交通节能与环保,2010,(2):23-26.
[10]伍毅平,赵晓华.基于跟踪调查的生态驾驶行为节油潜力初探[J].道路交通与安全,2014,(1):55-59.
[11]司志远,苑凤霞.不良驾驶行为对燃油消耗量的影响研究[J].宿州学院学报,2014,(9):85-87.
[2]Ericsson E..Independent driving pattern factors and their influence on fuel use and exhaust emission factors[J].Transportation Research Part D,2001,(6):325-345.
[3]Beusen B.,Broekx S.,Denys T.,et al.Using on-board logging devices to study the longer-term impact of an eco-driving course[J].Transportation Research Part D,2009,(14):514-520.
[4]Ebru D.,Linda S.,Patricia D..The influence of multiple goals on driving behavior:The case of safety,time saving,and fuel saving[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2011,43:1635-1643.
[5]张浩.基于燃油经济性的驾驶员换档品质研究[J].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[6]俞伟民,李训东.常见不良驾驶习惯及其对油耗的影响分析[J].汽车维护与修理,2011,(5):78-80.
[7]刘莹,蔡静,王根城,等.关于北京市交通节能减排发展策略的思考[C].协同发展与交通实践-2015年中国城市交通规划年会暨第28次学术研讨会论文集,2015.
[8]赵晓华,姚莹,伍毅平,等.基于主成分分析与BP神经元网络的驾驶能耗组合预测模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2016,16(5):185-191.
[9]曾诚,蔡凤田,刘莉,等.不同驾驶操作方法下的汽车运行燃料消耗量分析[J].交通节能与环保,2010,(2):23-26.
[10]伍毅平,赵晓华.基于跟踪调查的生态驾驶行为节油潜力初探[J].道路交通与安全,2014,(1):55-59.
[11]司志远,苑凤霞.不良驾驶行为对燃油消耗量的影响研究[J].宿州学院学报,2014,(9):85-87.