松动岩体工程特性研究——以雅砻江楞古水电站松动岩体为例
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摘要
为了对松动岩体的工程特性进行系统研究,以楞古水电站厂址区边坡为例,对该边坡岩体进行了详细的地质编录和物理勘探试验,重点对节理裂隙的空间发育规律、镶嵌结构和碎裂结构岩体的发育深度及空间分布、软弱结构面发育分布规律以及边坡已有变形破坏特征这四个方面进行了系统的统计和分析,认为松动岩体是区域断裂活动和浅表生改造的结果,岩体工程效应差、变形模量低;同时结合应力测试、声波测速、高密度电磁勘探等试验成果进行分析,结果显示松动岩体具低波速(波速大部分小于3 000 m/s)、低应力(最大主应力不超过20 MPa)、强透水性(透水性系数大于10 L/(min·m·m))。认为岩体破碎主要受断层及节理裂隙影响,分析了岩体破裂松动的演化过程及特征。
In order to systematically study the engineering characteristics of loose rock masses, a detailed geological cataloging and physical prospect testing of the slope rock mass in the area of Lenggu hydropower station were carried out, and the spatial development law of joints and fissures, the development depth and spatial distribution of mosaic and cataclastic rock masses, and the weak structural planes were mainly studied. The systematic statistics and analysis were conducted on the development and distribution of rock masses and the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope. The results show that the rock mass engineering effect is poor,and the deformation modulus is low. The wave velocity of most loose rock masses is less than 3 000 m/s, the maximum principal stress is less than 20 MPa, and the permeability coefficient is greater than 10 L/(min·m·m). The evolution process and characteristics of rock mass fractures and loosening are analyzed combined with the experimental results of stress test, acoustic velocity measurement, and high density electromagnetic exploration. It is concluded that loose rock masses are the result of regional fracture activity and shallow transformation, and rock mass fractures are mainly affected by faults and joints.
In order to systematically study the engineering characteristics of loose rock masses, a detailed geological cataloging and physical prospect testing of the slope rock mass in the area of Lenggu hydropower station were carried out, and the spatial development law of joints and fissures, the development depth and spatial distribution of mosaic and cataclastic rock masses, and the weak structural planes were mainly studied. The systematic statistics and analysis were conducted on the development and distribution of rock masses and the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope. The results show that the rock mass engineering effect is poor,and the deformation modulus is low. The wave velocity of most loose rock masses is less than 3 000 m/s, the maximum principal stress is less than 20 MPa, and the permeability coefficient is greater than 10 L/(min·m·m). The evolution process and characteristics of rock mass fractures and loosening are analyzed combined with the experimental results of stress test, acoustic velocity measurement, and high density electromagnetic exploration. It is concluded that loose rock masses are the result of regional fracture activity and shallow transformation, and rock mass fractures are mainly affected by faults and joints.
引文
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[2] 黄润秋.中国西南岩石高边坡的主要特征及其演化[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(3):292-297.Huang Runqiu.Main Characterristics of High Rock Slopes in Southwestern China and Their Dynamic Evolution[J].Advances in Earth Science,2005,20(3):292-297.
[3] 邹俊.高寒山区深切河谷碎裂松动岩体发育特征及稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.Zou Jun.Study on Development Characteristics and Stability of Fractured Loose Rock in Deep Valley of High and Cold Mountainous Area [D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2016.
[4] 韩文峰.黄河黑山峡大柳树工程地质研究[M].兰州:甘肃科学出版社,1993.Han Wenfeng.The Study of Engineering Geology in Heishanxia of Yellow River[M].Lanzhou:Gansu Science Press,1993.
[5] 陈剑平,王清,张倬元.大柳树坝址裂隙化岩体变形参数分形几何研究[C]//中国岩石力学与工程学会编委会.岩土工程论文集(199606).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:66-70.Chen Jianping,Wang Qing,Zhang Zhuoyuan.Fractal Geometry Study on Deformation Parameters of Fractured Rock Mass at Dali Willow Dam Site[C]// Editorial Board of China Society of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.Geotechnical Engineering Papers Collection(199606).Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1995:66-70.
[6] 李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.大柳树坝址松动岩体波速特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):596-600.Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Study on Wave Velocity Characteristics of Loose Rock Mass at Dali Willow Dam Site[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):596-600.
[7] 李建荣.如美水电站边坡碎裂岩体成因机理及边坡岩体质量分级研究[D].宜昌:三峡大学,2013.Li Jianrong.Studies on Formation Mechanism of Slope Cataclastic Rock and Slope Rock Mass Quality Classification in Rumei Hydroppower Station[D].Yichang:Sanxia University,2013.
[8] 贾留杰.牙根水电站2号拉裂松动岩体边坡稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Jia Liujie.Study on Slope Stability of No.2 Crack Loose Rock Mass at the Root Hydropower Station[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2009.
[9] 王吉亮,杨静,李会中,等.乌东德水电站左岸拱肩槽边坡稳定性[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2013,43(2):528-536.Wang Jiliang,Yang Jing,Li Huizhong,et al.Stability of Spandrel Groove Slope on Left Bank of Wudongde Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition),2013,43 (2):528-536.
[10] 刘维国.牙根水电站右岸1号拉裂松动岩体发育特征及成因分析[D].成都:成都理工大学,2009.Liu Weiguo.Analyzing Development Characteristics Causes to 1# Ripping Loose Rock Mass of Yagen Hydropower Station[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2009.
[11] 谢晔.碎裂岩体工程特性的等效研究及工程应用[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011.Xie Ye.Equivalent Research and Engineering Application of Engineering Characteristics of Fragmented Rockmass[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2011.
[12] 胡耀飞,聂德新,沈军辉,等.雅砻江牙根水电站拉裂松动岩体工程特性[J].人民黄河,2011,33(5):105-106,109.Hu Yaofei,Nie Dexin ,Shen Junhui,et al.Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Cataclassic Loose Rockmass of Yagen Hydropower on Yalong River [J].Yellow River,2011,33(5):105-106,109.
[13] 胡耀飞,沈军辉,聂德新.牙根水电站拉裂松动岩体的工程适宜性研究 [J].水力发电,2011,37(4):28-30.Hu Yaofei,Shen Junhui,Nie Dexin.Engineering Suitability Research on the Tension-Slackened Rock Mass in Yagen Hydropower Station[J].Water Power,2011,37(4):28-30.
[14] 黄鹏.澜沧江某水电站右岸碎裂松动岩体工程特性及岸坡稳定性研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.Huang Peng.Study on the Engineering Characteristics of Cataclassic Loose Rockmass and Slope Stability of Hydropower on Lancang River[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Techonology,2016.
[15] 王梓龙,裴向军,董秀军,等.三维激光扫描技术在危岩监测中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(1):124-129,142.Wang Zilong,Pei Xiangjun,Dong Xiujun,et al.Application of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner to the Study of the Rockfall Monitoring[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2016,43(1):124-129,142.