连栽杉木林地土壤对其无性系幼苗土壤酶活性和酚酸类物质含量的影响
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摘要
探讨杉木在连栽杉木林土壤培养下,其优良无性系根际与非根际土壤酶活性以及根际和根尖酚类物质含量的变化特征及其相互关系,揭示杉木优良无性系对不同连栽代数土壤培养的响应机理,以不同连栽代数杉木人工林土壤为培养基质,栽植杉木无性系幼苗2a后,采用抖落法取根际和非根际土壤测定相关酶活性和根际酚类物质含量,并剪取0～2cm根尖测定酚酸类物质含量。结果表明,在杉木根际土壤和非根际土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶及酸性磷酸酶活性总体上随连栽代数增加呈下降的变化趋势,而多酚氧化酶活性呈上升的变化趋势。杉木优良无性系根际土壤中共鉴定出11种酚类物质,其中阿魏酸、没食子酸和咖啡酸相对含量较高,是最主要的酚类物质。没食子酸相对含量随连栽代数增加而增多,阿魏酸含量表现为先降后升,但均高于对照,而咖啡酸则表现为先升后降,其含量均低于对照,且三者在三代林中的含量均高于一代林;杉木根尖中共鉴定出8种酚类物质,其中儿茶素、奎尼酸和山奈酚相对含量较高。儿茶素含量逐代下降,二代林和三代林中其含量均高于对照;山奈酚含量逐代增加,而不同连栽代数中其含量均低于对照;奎尼酸含量表现为先升后降,而不同连栽代数中其含量均高于对照。相关性分析表明,鞣花酸、奎尼酸与酸性磷酸酶呈显著负相关,龙胆酸与酸性磷酸酶呈极显著正相关,芦丁、龙胆酸与多酚氧化酶呈显著负相关,鞣花酸与多酚氧化酶呈显著正相关,没食子酸与脲酶呈显著负相关;槲皮素、芦丁和香草酸与脲酶呈显著正相关,对香豆酸和山奈酚与蔗糖酶呈显著正相关。综上所述,杉木连栽可能会通过改变杉木根尖和根际土壤中酚类物质的积累来影响土壤酶的活性,进而影响杉木对养分的吸收利用,最终导致杉木连栽障碍的发生。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil enzyme activities,the changes of phenolic contents in rhizosphere and root tips and their relationships in different Cunninghamia lanceolataclones under various continuous cropping soil conditions,and to reveal the underlying mechanism of different C.lanceolata clones in response to various continuous cropping soils.Soilsof different C.lanceolataplantations were used as the culture media.After planting the clonal seedlings of C.lanceolatafor 2years,the enzyme activities and phenolic substances in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were determined by shaking off method,and the contents of phenolic substances in the rhizosphere were measured.The phenolic acid contents in root tips(0-2cm)were determined.The results showed that the activities of urease,sucrase,catalase and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils generally decreased with the increase of successive generations,while opposite for polyphenol oxidase.A total of 11 phenolic compounds were identified in the rhizosphere soil,among which the relative contents of ferulic acid,gallic acid and caffeic acid were relatively high,and they were the major phenolic substances.The relative content of gallic acid increased with the increase of successive generations.The content of ferulic acid increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of successive generations,but both contents were higher than the control.However,it was opposite for caffeic acid.The relative contents of ferulic acid,gallic acid and caffeic acid in the 3rd generation were higher than those in the 1st generation.A total of 8phenolic compounds were identified in the root tips,in which the contents of catechins,quinic acid and kaempferol were relatively higher as compared with other phenolic compounds.The content of catechins decreased gradually from the 1st to the 3rd generations.Moreover,the catechins contents in the 2nd and the 3rd generations were higher than the control.The content of kaempferol increased gradually from the 1st to 3rd generations,and its contents in different generations were lower than the control.The content of quinic acid rose firstly and then decreased,while the contents of quinic acid in different generations were higher than the control.Correlation analysis showed that significant and negative correlations were observed among ellagic acid,quinic acid and acid phosphatase,while gentisic acid was positively correlated with acid phosphatase.Rutin,gentisic acid were negatively correlated with polyphenol oxidase.Positive correlationship between ellagic acid and polyphenol oxidase was observed.Gallic acid was significantly and negatively correlated with urease.Quercetin,rutin,vanillic acid and urease were significantly and positively correlated,and p-coumaric acid,kaempferol and invertase showed positive correlation.The above findings suggested that the continuous-planting of C.lanceolata might affect the soil enzymes activities through altering the accumulation of phenolic acids in plant root tips and soil,which in turn affected the uptake and utilization of nutrients from soil,as a result,the growth of C.lanceolata was inhibited,and the continuous planting obstacle of C.lanceolataoccurred.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil enzyme activities,the changes of phenolic contents in rhizosphere and root tips and their relationships in different Cunninghamia lanceolataclones under various continuous cropping soil conditions,and to reveal the underlying mechanism of different C.lanceolata clones in response to various continuous cropping soils.Soilsof different C.lanceolataplantations were used as the culture media.After planting the clonal seedlings of C.lanceolatafor 2years,the enzyme activities and phenolic substances in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were determined by shaking off method,and the contents of phenolic substances in the rhizosphere were measured.The phenolic acid contents in root tips(0-2cm)were determined.The results showed that the activities of urease,sucrase,catalase and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils generally decreased with the increase of successive generations,while opposite for polyphenol oxidase.A total of 11 phenolic compounds were identified in the rhizosphere soil,among which the relative contents of ferulic acid,gallic acid and caffeic acid were relatively high,and they were the major phenolic substances.The relative content of gallic acid increased with the increase of successive generations.The content of ferulic acid increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of successive generations,but both contents were higher than the control.However,it was opposite for caffeic acid.The relative contents of ferulic acid,gallic acid and caffeic acid in the 3rd generation were higher than those in the 1st generation.A total of 8phenolic compounds were identified in the root tips,in which the contents of catechins,quinic acid and kaempferol were relatively higher as compared with other phenolic compounds.The content of catechins decreased gradually from the 1st to the 3rd generations.Moreover,the catechins contents in the 2nd and the 3rd generations were higher than the control.The content of kaempferol increased gradually from the 1st to 3rd generations,and its contents in different generations were lower than the control.The content of quinic acid rose firstly and then decreased,while the contents of quinic acid in different generations were higher than the control.Correlation analysis showed that significant and negative correlations were observed among ellagic acid,quinic acid and acid phosphatase,while gentisic acid was positively correlated with acid phosphatase.Rutin,gentisic acid were negatively correlated with polyphenol oxidase.Positive correlationship between ellagic acid and polyphenol oxidase was observed.Gallic acid was significantly and negatively correlated with urease.Quercetin,rutin,vanillic acid and urease were significantly and positively correlated,and p-coumaric acid,kaempferol and invertase showed positive correlation.The above findings suggested that the continuous-planting of C.lanceolata might affect the soil enzymes activities through altering the accumulation of phenolic acids in plant root tips and soil,which in turn affected the uptake and utilization of nutrients from soil,as a result,the growth of C.lanceolata was inhibited,and the continuous planting obstacle of C.lanceolataoccurred.
引文
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[2]陆茜,张金池.化感作用在水土保持生物措施治理中的应用研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(6):1333-1340.LU Q,ZHANG J C.Review on allelopathy in the application of biological measures of soil and water conservation management[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2013,35(6):1333-1340.(in Chinese)
[3]黄志群,廖利平,汪思龙.几种伴生树种对杉木的化感效应[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(2):216-218.HUANG Z Q,LIAO L P,WANG S L.Allelopathic effect of several associated tree species on Chinese fir[J].Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2000,11(2):216-218.(in Chinese)
[4]马祥庆,刘爱琴,黄宝龙.杉木人工林自毒作用研究[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,24(1):12-16.MA X Q,LIU A Q,HUANG B L.A study on self-poisoning effects of Chinese fir plantation[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University:Natural Sciences Edition,2000,24(1):12-16.(in Chinese)
[5]杜玲,曹光球,林思祖,等.杉木根际土壤提取物对杉木种子发芽的化感效应[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(2):323-327.DU L,CAO G Q,LIN S Z,et al.Allelo pathie effeet of extraetor of Chinese—fir rhizos phere soil on germination of Chinese一firseed[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(2):323-327.(in Chinese)
[6]汪思龙,陈龙池,廖利平,等.几种化感物质对杉木幼苗生长的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2002,8(6):588-591.WANG S L,CHEN L C,LIAO L P,et al.Efeects of three kinds of allelochemicals on growth of Chinese fir seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2002,8(6):588-591.(in Chinese)
[7] HUANG Z Q,LIAO L P,WANG S L,et al.Allelopathy of phenolics from decomposing stump-roots in replant Chinese fir woodland[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2000,26(9):2211-2219.
[8] HUANG Z Q,HAI G T,WANG S L,et al.Autotoxicity of Chinese fir on seed germination and seedling growth[J].Allelopathy Journal,2002,9(2):187-193.
[9]李红军,周国英,吴毅,等.杉木人工林化感作用研究综述[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013(1):31-34.LI H J,ZHOU G Y,WU Y,et al.Research advances on allelopathy of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2013(1):31-34.(in Chinese)
[10]姜培坤,徐秋芳.杉木林地和根际土壤酚类物质分析[J].浙江林业科技,2000,20(5):1-4.
[11]颜路明,郭祥泉.盐碱胁迫对香樟幼苗根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2017,49(4):733-737.YAN L M,GUO X Q.Effect of salinity-alkalinity stress on the rhizosphere soil enzyme activity of camphor seedlings[J].Soils,2017,49(4):733-737.(in Chinese)
[12]陈闳竣,李传涵.土壤酶活性作为杉木林地土壤肥力指标的可行性研究[J].林业科技通讯,1995,12:28-30.
[13]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4692-4706.LIU L,XU M K,WANG S L,et al.Effect of different Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation soil qualities on soil microbial community structure[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(15):4692-4706.(in Chinese)
[14]李延茂,胡江春,张晶,等.杉木连栽土壤微生物多样性的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(7):1275-1278.LI Y M,HU J C,ZHANG J,et al.Microbial diversity in continuously planted Chinese fir soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(7):1275-1278.(in Chinese)
[15]刘顺,刘喜帅,朱新传,等.陈山红心杉土壤养分,酶活性的根际效应及肥力评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):492-501.LIU S,LIU X S,ZHU X Z,et al.Rhizosphere effects of nutrients and enzyme activities of Cunninghania lanceolata and soil fertility assessment[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(2):492-501.(in Chinese)
[16]覃祚玉,邓小军,宋贤冲,等.广西杉木连栽幼林根际与非根际土壤特性研究[J].湖北林业科技,2017(2):10-13.
[17]张家武,邓仕坚,廖利平,等.杉木连栽土壤对其幼树生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,1994,5(3):241-244.
[18]赵颖,史晓爽,周连仁,等.土壤样品风干后对土壤酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):126-129.ZHAO Y,SHI X S,ZHOU L R,et al.Effect of air-drying on enzyme activities of soil samples[J].Northeast Agricultural University,2011,42(11):126-129.(in Chinese)
[19]姜岳忠,王延平,王华田.连作杨树人工林地力衰退研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015:144-145.
[20]陆茜.杨树连栽对根际土壤环境演变的影响及其自毒效应研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2016.
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