沼渣好氧发酵原料配比优化研究
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摘要
为研究以沼渣为主要原料的好氧发酵物料配比,用响应曲面法(RSM)中Box-Behnken设计和主成分分析法对发酵产品的含水率、有机质含量、种子发芽指数(GI)、pH值、E4/E6、C/N进行分析,建立响应值模型并拟合.结果表明, 9组堆体的50℃以上持续时间达到相关无害化标准;发酵产品的含水率在20%～58%;13组发酵产品的C/N为11.58～16.52,有机质含量为46.34%～59.94%,总养分含量为7.03%～9.26%, E4/E6为1.65～2.83,且11组的GI均大于85%,说明11组处理发酵产品腐熟程度较高,无植物毒性.以沼渣为主要原料的好氧发酵最佳物料质量配比为沼渣:猪粪:秸秆=8:4.5:5.验证试验结果表明,试验结果与预测值的误差为4.77%,说明RSM预测的沼渣好氧发酵原料配比能进行应用.
To optimize the ratio of raw materials for aerobic fermentation, in which the biogas residue is the main ingredient, the Box-Behnken design of Response and PCA are used to analyze the organic matter content, C/N, pH value, moisture content, E4/E6 and seed germination index(GI) of the aerobic fermentation products. The optimal mixture ratio of aerobic fermentation raw materials with biogas residue, pig manure and straw is obtained by RSM. The results show that 9 products last in thermophilic phase for 5～7 days. The moisture content of products range from 20% to 58%, C/N from 11.85 to 16.52, the organic matter contents from 46.34% to 59.94%, the E4/E6 from 1.65 to 2.83, the GI of 11 products are all greater than 85%, suggesting that these products have reached the high maturity level and no phytotoxicity is found in them. Response surface analysis indicates that, with biogas residue as the main raw material, the optimum ratio for aerobic fermentation is identified to be: biogas residue: pig manure: straw = 8:4.5:5. The error between the measured results and the predicted values is 4.77%. As such it may come to the conclusion that RSM can be used to optimize the raw material ratio and the optimum ratio is applicable.
To optimize the ratio of raw materials for aerobic fermentation, in which the biogas residue is the main ingredient, the Box-Behnken design of Response and PCA are used to analyze the organic matter content, C/N, pH value, moisture content, E4/E6 and seed germination index(GI) of the aerobic fermentation products. The optimal mixture ratio of aerobic fermentation raw materials with biogas residue, pig manure and straw is obtained by RSM. The results show that 9 products last in thermophilic phase for 5～7 days. The moisture content of products range from 20% to 58%, C/N from 11.85 to 16.52, the organic matter contents from 46.34% to 59.94%, the E4/E6 from 1.65 to 2.83, the GI of 11 products are all greater than 85%, suggesting that these products have reached the high maturity level and no phytotoxicity is found in them. Response surface analysis indicates that, with biogas residue as the main raw material, the optimum ratio for aerobic fermentation is identified to be: biogas residue: pig manure: straw = 8:4.5:5. The error between the measured results and the predicted values is 4.77%. As such it may come to the conclusion that RSM can be used to optimize the raw material ratio and the optimum ratio is applicable.
引文
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[13]马帅,吴丁山,吴滔,等.椰子壳生物炭促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的响应面优化实验[J].环境工程, 2019, 37(1):142-146.
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[15]杨玖,谷洁,张友旺,等.磺胺甲唑对猪粪堆肥过程中堆料性质与酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2013, 33(12):3267-3274.
[16] Zhou H B, Ma C, Gao D, et al. Application of a recyclable plastic bulking agent for sewage sludge composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 152:329-336.
[17] USEPA. A plain English guide to the EPA part 503biosolids rule[S]. EPA/8322/R-93/003, 1994.
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[19]李艳霞,王敏健,王菊思.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标[J].环境科学, 1999, 20(2):99-104.
[20] Zorpas A A, Loizidou M. Sawdust and natural zeolite as a bulking agent for improving quality of a composting product from anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(16):7545-7552.
[21]李春萍,李国学,李玉春,等.北京南宫静态堆肥隧道仓不同区间的垃圾堆肥腐熟度模糊评价[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(2):201-206.
[22] Zucconi F, Pera A, Forte M, et al. Evaluating toxicity of immature compost[J]. Biocycle, 1981, 22(2):54-57.
[23]秦莉,李玉春,李国学,等.城市生活垃圾堆肥过程中腐熟度指标及控制参数[J].农业工程学报, 2006, 22(12):189-194.
[24]宋彩红,贾璇,李鸣晓,等.沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的综合评价[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(24):227-234.
[2] Meng X, Liu B, Zhang H, et al. Co-composting of the biogas residues and spent mushroom substrate:Physico-chemical properties and maturity assessment[J].Bioresource Technology, 2019, 276(276):329-336.
[3]黄光群,黄晶,张阳,等.鸡粪沼渣联合好氧堆肥基质降解与气体排放研究[J].农业机械学报, 2016(9):220-226.
[4]翟红,张衍林,艾平,等.不同初始含水率对沼渣和秸秆混合堆肥过程的影响[J].湖北农业科学, 2011, 50(21):4357-4360.
[5]赵龙彬.沼渣堆肥参数优化及堆肥利用研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2016.
[6]邱珊,赵龙彬,马放,等.不同通风速率对厌氧残余物沼渣堆肥的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2016, 36(8):2402-2408.
[7]邱珊,赵龙彬,马放,等.添加秸秆对厌氧残余物沼渣堆肥影响的研究[J].中国沼气, 2017, 35(1):35-39.
[8]宋彩红,夏训峰,席北斗,等.响应曲面法优化沼渣混合物料堆肥配比研究[J].中国环境科学, 2012, 32(8):1474-1479.
[9]侯韦竹,丁晶,赵庆良,等.响应面法优化电氧化-絮凝耦合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液[J].中国环境科学,2017, 37(3):948-955.
[10] Hasan H A, Abdullah S R S, Kamarudin S K, et al.Response surface methodology for optimization of simultaneous COD, NH4+-N and Mn2+, removal from drinking water by biological aerated filter[J]. Desalination,2011, 275(1/3):50-61.
[11] Iqbal M K, Nadeem A, Sherazi F, et al. Optimization of process parameters for kitchen waste composting by response surface methodology[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science&Technology, 2015, 12(5):1759-1768.
[12]颜瑾,李燕,熊仁,等.农村不同类型有机固体废弃物混合堆肥配比优化[J].环境工程学报, 2018, 12(7):2106-2113.
[13]马帅,吴丁山,吴滔,等.椰子壳生物炭促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的响应面优化实验[J].环境工程, 2019, 37(1):142-146.
[14] Meng X Y, Dai J, Zhang Y, et al. Composted biogas residue and spent mushroom substrate as a growth medium for tomato and pepper seedlings[EB/OL].[2018-12-23]. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479717309258.
[15]杨玖,谷洁,张友旺,等.磺胺甲唑对猪粪堆肥过程中堆料性质与酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报, 2013, 33(12):3267-3274.
[16] Zhou H B, Ma C, Gao D, et al. Application of a recyclable plastic bulking agent for sewage sludge composting[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2014, 152:329-336.
[17] USEPA. A plain English guide to the EPA part 503biosolids rule[S]. EPA/8322/R-93/003, 1994.
[18] Bernal M P, Alburquerque J A, Moral R. Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment:A review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009, 100(22):5444-5453.
[19]李艳霞,王敏健,王菊思.有机固体废弃物堆肥的腐熟度参数及指标[J].环境科学, 1999, 20(2):99-104.
[20] Zorpas A A, Loizidou M. Sawdust and natural zeolite as a bulking agent for improving quality of a composting product from anaerobically stabilized sewage sludge[J].Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(16):7545-7552.
[21]李春萍,李国学,李玉春,等.北京南宫静态堆肥隧道仓不同区间的垃圾堆肥腐熟度模糊评价[J].农业工程学报, 2007, 23(2):201-206.
[22] Zucconi F, Pera A, Forte M, et al. Evaluating toxicity of immature compost[J]. Biocycle, 1981, 22(2):54-57.
[23]秦莉,李玉春,李国学,等.城市生活垃圾堆肥过程中腐熟度指标及控制参数[J].农业工程学报, 2006, 22(12):189-194.
[24]宋彩红,贾璇,李鸣晓,等.沼渣与畜禽粪便混合堆肥发酵效果的综合评价[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(24):227-234.