率水流域非点源污染分析及施肥措施模拟
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摘要
率水流域周边农业用地施用的大量化肥为流域内非点源负荷主要来源之一,研究该流域内不同施肥措施对其下游千岛湖水体中氮磷污染控制具有重要意义。通过搭建率水流域SWAT模型,设置化肥减量,粪肥替代和深层施肥3种施肥情景,探究其对流域非点源污染输出的响应特征。结果表明:化肥减量50%可减少约9. 77%的总氮负荷和4. 42%的总磷负荷,粪肥替代化肥对于氮磷负荷的削减率较低,深层施肥的总氮负荷削减率远低于总磷,化肥减量和深层施肥联合措施可分别降低10. 11%和3. 38%的总氮、总磷负荷,即为流域内施肥措施的最佳方案,同时基于SWAT模型的施肥情景模拟对削减流域非点源污染具有参考意义。
The large amount of fertilizers applied on the agricultural land around the Shuaishui Watershed is one of the main sources of the non-point source( NPS) load; therefore,it is of great significance to study different fertilization management for NPS-TN and NPS-TP control for the downstream Qiandao Lake water. The SWAT model was established to simulate NPS pollution under three fertilization scenarios: fertilizer reduction,manure substitution and deep fertilization. The results showed that the fertilizer reduction can reduce about 9. 77% of the TN and 4. 42% of the TP load. The NPS-TN load removal rate under deep fertilization is lower than that of the NPS-TP. Reduction rate of nitrogen and phosphorus load of manure substitution is low. The combined measure of fertilizer reduction and deep fertilization could reduce 10. 11% for NPS-TN load and 8. 38% for NPS-TP load,which is the best solution for fertilization management in the basin. In addition,the model-based fertilizer simulation management have guiding significance for reducing NPS pollution.
The large amount of fertilizers applied on the agricultural land around the Shuaishui Watershed is one of the main sources of the non-point source( NPS) load; therefore,it is of great significance to study different fertilization management for NPS-TN and NPS-TP control for the downstream Qiandao Lake water. The SWAT model was established to simulate NPS pollution under three fertilization scenarios: fertilizer reduction,manure substitution and deep fertilization. The results showed that the fertilizer reduction can reduce about 9. 77% of the TN and 4. 42% of the TP load. The NPS-TN load removal rate under deep fertilization is lower than that of the NPS-TP. Reduction rate of nitrogen and phosphorus load of manure substitution is low. The combined measure of fertilizer reduction and deep fertilization could reduce 10. 11% for NPS-TN load and 8. 38% for NPS-TP load,which is the best solution for fertilization management in the basin. In addition,the model-based fertilizer simulation management have guiding significance for reducing NPS pollution.
引文
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[34]林玉萍,聂录,姜灏,等.水稻侧深施肥技术研究[J].现代化农业,2017(3):19-21.
[2]武艳.浅谈土壤肥料在农业可持续发展中的重要作用及其存在问题与建议[J].农业开发与装备,2016(12):113.
[3]张舰,亚伯拉罕·艾宾斯坦,玛格丽特·麦克米伦,等.农村劳动力转移、化肥过度使用与环境污染[J].经济社会体制比较,2017(3):149-160.
[4]刘志欣.近十年来重庆三峡库区农业面源污染变化研究[D].重庆:重庆师范大学,2016.
[5]李湘林,颜建军.基于环境库兹涅茨曲线模型的郴州市农业面源污染治理研究[J].湖南商学院学报,2013,20(2):53-57.
[6]韦佳伲,李晓玉.化肥投入与环境库兹涅茨曲线的关系检验与分析———以贵州省南盘江流域为例[J].湖北农业科学,2017,56(5):996-1001.
[7] LU Yamin,WU Yuhong,LI Hongda,et al. Effects of dynamic changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface water of paddy field under different fertilizer rate[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(4):349-355.
[8]WANG Feng,ZHAI Zhongwei,SHEN Shizhou,et al. Effect of fertiliter types on nitrogen surface runoff losses from plateau paddy fields[J]. Bangladesh Journal of Botany,2015,44(5):859-868.
[9]GASSMAN P W,SADEGHI A M,SRINIVASAN R. Applications of the SWAT model special section:overview and insights[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2014,43(1):1-8.
[10] ABBASPOUR K C,ROUHOLAHNEJAD E,VAGHEFI S,et al. A continental-scale hydrology and water quality model for Europe:Calibration and uncertainty of a highresolution large-scale SWAT model[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,524:733-752.
[11]GASSMAN P W,REYES M R,GREEN C H,et al. The soil and water assessment tool:Historical development,applications,and future research directions[J]. Transactions of the Asabe,2007,50(4):1211-1250.
[12]QI Zuoda,KANG Gelin,CHU Chunli,et al. Comparison of SWAT and GWLF model simulation performance in humid southand semi-arid north of China[J]. Water,2017,9(8):567.
[13]LIU Ruimin,ZHANG Peipei,WANG Xiujuan,et al. Assessment of effects of best management practices on agricultural non-point source pollution in Xiangxi River watershed[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2013,117:9-18.
[14]JANG S S,AHN S R,KIM S J. Evaluation of executable best management practices in Haean highland agricultural catchment of South Korea using SWAT[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2017,180:224-234.
[15]马放,姜晓峰,王立,等.基于SWAT模型的阿什河流域径流模拟适用性研究[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(17):96-99.
[16]唐莉华,张思聪,林文婧,等.北京温榆河流域水污染控制情景模拟与分析[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(4):156-161.
[17]许家宏.新安江流域茶园农业面源污染研究[J].安徽农学通报,2014,20(9):107-108.
[18]严丽丽.千岛湖及新安江流域水资源保护的对策建议[J].绿色科技,2017(8):74-75.
[19]马常宝,史梦雅.我国主要畜禽粪便资源利用现状与分析研究[J].中国农技推广,2016,32(11):7-11.
[20]赵越,卢诚,谢阳村,等.未来气候变化影响下的流域面源污染负荷特征响应评估[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(1):40-45.
[21]钱晓华,廖万友,胡荣根,等.安徽省茶园施肥现状与对策分析[J].茶业通报,2015,37(3):108-113.
[22]ARNOLD J G,SRINIVASAN R,MUTTIAH R S,et al.Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment-Part 1:Model development[J]. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1998,34(1):73-89.
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[24]李泽利,吕志峰,赵越,等.新安江上游流域SWAT模型的构建及适用性评价[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(1):25-31.
[25]朱新军,王中根,李建新,等. SWAT模型在漳卫河流域应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(5):105-111+133.
[26]姜晓峰.阿什河流域非点源污染分布特征解析与防控策略[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.
[27]李旭.滇池流域不同种植条件下化肥与农药使用对土壤氮磷库的影响[D].昆明:云南大学,2016.
[28]LIU Zong'an,YANG Jingping,YANG Zhengchao,et al.Effects of rainfall and fertilizer types on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in surface runoff from subtropical tea fields in Zhejiang,China[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2012,93(3):297-307.
[29]GUO Liyue,WU Guanglei,LI Yong,et al. Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter,bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in Eastern China[J]. Soil&Tillage Research,2016,156:140-147.
[30]LIU T Q,FAN D J,ZHANG X X,et al. Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizers reduces ammonia volatilization and increases nitrogen utilization efficiency in no-tillage paddy fields in central China[J]. Field Crops Research,2015,184:80-90.
[31]谢巧娟.三种有机肥对土壤理化性质与草莓生长结果的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[32]李欣伦,屈晓泽,李伟彤,等.有机肥与化肥配施对黑土理化性质及玉米产量的影响[J].国土与自然资源研究,2017(4):45-48.
[33]李丹.不同化肥用量及降雨强度下磷素流失特征研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.
[34]林玉萍,聂录,姜灏,等.水稻侧深施肥技术研究[J].现代化农业,2017(3):19-21.