汉江上游平川段鱼类群落多样性及空间格局分析
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摘要
2016年5～6月对汉江上游平川段11个采样点开展鱼类多样性及水环境因子调查,共采集鱼类29种,隶属于3目5科25属,其中鲤科鱼类最多(21种,物种占比72.41%),其次为鳅科(5种,物种占比17.24%)。汉江上游平川段鱼类鱼种多样性水平分布呈现中间段低两端段高的特点,鱼类多样性垂直分布符合随海拔升高物种多样性指数下降的规律。采用非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)和典范对应分析方法(CCA)分析了鱼类群落空间分布特征及水环境因子对鱼类群落格局的影响。NMDS结果显示该河段各个站点鱼类群落分布并未出现明显的聚类特征。CCA分析结果表明水环境因子中电导率,五日生化需氧量,pH和硫酸盐浓度对平川段鱼类群落结构有极显著的影响。
An investigation of fish composition and biodiversity in Pingchuan section of the upper reaches of Hanjiang River was made in May-June, 2016. A total of 29 species were collected, belonging to 25 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Cyprinidae was most abundant(21 species, 74.41% of the total species), followed by Loach(5 species, 17.24% of the total species). The horizontal distribution of fish species diversity appears rare in the middle section and abundant in the upper and lower sections. The vertical distribution of fish diversity according to the regular pattern that species diversity decreases when altitude increases. The method of non-metric multidimensional scale sorting(NMDS) was used to analyze the distribution characteristic of fish communities. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between fish spatial distribution pattern and water environmental factors. NMDS showed that there were no obvious clustering characteristics in the fish population distribution at each station. CCA analysis showed that the community structure of fish was effected by the conductivity of water biochemical oxygen demand in five days, pH and sulfate concentration remarkable(all P<0.01) in Pingchuan section of Hanjiang River.
An investigation of fish composition and biodiversity in Pingchuan section of the upper reaches of Hanjiang River was made in May-June, 2016. A total of 29 species were collected, belonging to 25 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders. Cyprinidae was most abundant(21 species, 74.41% of the total species), followed by Loach(5 species, 17.24% of the total species). The horizontal distribution of fish species diversity appears rare in the middle section and abundant in the upper and lower sections. The vertical distribution of fish diversity according to the regular pattern that species diversity decreases when altitude increases. The method of non-metric multidimensional scale sorting(NMDS) was used to analyze the distribution characteristic of fish communities. Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between fish spatial distribution pattern and water environmental factors. NMDS showed that there were no obvious clustering characteristics in the fish population distribution at each station. CCA analysis showed that the community structure of fish was effected by the conductivity of water biochemical oxygen demand in five days, pH and sulfate concentration remarkable(all P<0.01) in Pingchuan section of Hanjiang River.
引文
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[17]王晓宁,彭世贤,张亚,等.滦河流域鱼类群落结构空间异质性与影响因子分析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(2):273-282.WANG X N,PENG S X,ZHANG Y,et al.Analysis of fish community spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors in the Luanhe River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(2):273-282.
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[19]陕西省动物研究所.秦岭鱼类志[M].科学出版社,1987.
[20]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法:Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[21]王合玲,张辉国,吕光辉.艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):177-181.WANG H L,ZHANG H G,L G V.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in Ebinur Lake Wetland[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(3):177-181.
[22]曾燏.嘉陵江干流鱼类群落生态结构分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(7):850-857.ZENG Y.Studies on ecological structure of fish community in Jialing River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(7):850-857.
[23]WU WEI,XU ZONGXUE,KENNARD M J,et al.Do human disturbance variables influence more on fish community structure and function than natural variables in the Wei River basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,61:438-446.
[24]袁刚,茹辉军,刘学勤.2007-2008年云南高原湖泊鱼类多样性与资源现状[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(06):837-841.YUAN G,RU H J,LIU X Q.Fish diversity and fishery resources in lakes of Yunnan Plateau during 2007-2008[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(06):837-841.
[25]刘明典,陈大庆,段辛斌.澜沧江云南段鱼类区系组成与分布[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(1):156-170.LIU M D,CHEN D Q,DUAN X B.Ichthyofauna composition and distribution of fishes in Yunnan section of Lancang River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(1):156-170.
[2]李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.连江鱼类群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学报,2012(18):5795-5805.LI J,LI X H,JIA X P,et al.Relationship between fish community diversity and environmental factors in the Lianjiang River,Guangdong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012(18):5795-5805.
[3]丁森,张远,渠晓东,等.影响太子河流域鱼类空间分布的不同尺度环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2272-2280.DING S,ZHANG Y,QU X D,et al.Influence on the spatial distribution of fish in Taizi River basin by environmental factors at multiple scales[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(7):2272-2280.
[4]武玮,徐宗学,殷旭旺,等.渭河流域鱼类群落结构特征及其受环境因子的影响分析[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1298-1308.WU W,XU Z X,YIN X W,et al.Fish community structure and the effect of environmental factors in the Wei River basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(5):1298-1308.
[5]钱红,严云志,储玲,等.巢湖流域河流鱼类群落的时空分布[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(2):257-264.QIAN H,YAN Y Z,CHU L,et al.Spatial and temporal patterns of fish assemblages in the rivers of Chaohu basin[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016 25(2):257-264.
[6]SIMONOVIC'P,PIRIA M,et al.Characterization of sections of the Sava River based on fish community structure[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,264-271.
[7]帅方敏,李新辉,刘乾甫,等.珠江水系鱼类群落多样性空间分布格局[J].生态学报,2017(09):3182-3192.SHUAI F M,LI X H,LIU Q F,et al.Spatial patterns of fish diversity and distribution in the Pearl River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017 37(9):3182-3192.
[8]石睿杰,唐莉华,高广东,等.长江流域鱼类多样性与流域特性关系分析[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2018(7):650-657.SHI R J,TANG L H,GAO G D,et al.Analysis on the relationship between fish diversity and watershed features in the Yangtze River Basin[J].Tsinghua Science and Technology,2018(7):650-657.
[9]SHRESTHA S,FARRELLY J,EGGLETON M,et al.Effects of conservation wetlands on stream habitat,water quality and fish communities in agricultural watersheds of the lower Mississippi River Basin[J].Ecological Engineering,2017,107:99-109.
[10]雷欢,谢文星,黄道明,等.丹江口水库上游梯级开发后产漂流性卵鱼类早期资源及其演变规[J].湖泊科学,2018,30(5):1319-1331.LEI H,XIE W X,HUANG D M,et al.The early evolution of the fish with pelagic eggs resources in the upstream of Danjiangkou Reservoir after the cascade development[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2018,30(5):1319-1331.
[11]李艳利,李艳粉,李科.不同尺度下人类活动对浑太河流域鱼类和大型底栖动物群落特征的影[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(8):1145-1153.LI Y L,LI Y F,LI K.Relative influence of anthropogenic stressors on fish and macroinvertebrate communities at different scales in Huntai rivers[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(8):1145-1153.
[12]单秀娟,陈云龙,戴芳群,等.黄海中南部不同断面鱼类群落结构及其多样性[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):377-389.SHAN X J,CHEN Y L,DAI F Q,et al.Variations in fish community structure and diversity in the sections of the central and southern Yellow Sea[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(2):377-389.
[13]SUN L,CHEN H.Effects of water temperature and fish size on growth and bioenergetics of cobia(Rachycentron canadum)[J].Aquaculture,2014,426-427(2):172-180.
[14]李艳利,李艳粉,徐宗学.影响浑太河流域鱼类群落结构的不同尺度环境因子分析[J].环境科学,2014(9):3504-3512.LI Y L,LI Y F,XU Z X,et al.Effect of environmental factors on fish community structure in the Huntai River basin at multiple scales[J].Environmental Science,2014(9):3504-3512.
[15]王伟,王冰,何旭颖,等.太子河鱼类群落结构空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(5):494-501.WANG W,WANG B,HE X Y,et al.Study of zoning and distribution characteristics of fish in Taizi River[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(5):494-501.
[16]刘鸿,牛建功,刘春池,等.新疆额敏河干流鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(12):3558-3563.LIU H,NIU J G,LIU C C,et al.Fish community structure and its relationship with environmental factors of main stream of Emin River[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(12):3558-3563.
[17]王晓宁,彭世贤,张亚,等.滦河流域鱼类群落结构空间异质性与影响因子分析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(2):273-282.WANG X N,PENG S X,ZHANG Y,et al.Analysis of fish community spatial heterogeneity and its driving factors in the Luanhe River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2018,31(2):273-282.
[18]杨志英,王启军,赵虎,等.汉江上游西乡段鱼类资源保护对策[J].河北渔业,2013(6):46-47.YANG Z Y,WANG Q J,ZHAO H,et al.Measures for conservation of fish resources in Xixiang Reach of upstream Hanjiang River[J].Hebei Fisheries,2013(6):46-47.
[19]陕西省动物研究所.秦岭鱼类志[M].科学出版社,1987.
[20]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法:Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[21]王合玲,张辉国,吕光辉.艾比湖湿地植物群落的数量分类和排序[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):177-181.WANG H L,ZHANG H G,L G V.Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in Ebinur Lake Wetland[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(3):177-181.
[22]曾燏.嘉陵江干流鱼类群落生态结构分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(7):850-857.ZENG Y.Studies on ecological structure of fish community in Jialing River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(7):850-857.
[23]WU WEI,XU ZONGXUE,KENNARD M J,et al.Do human disturbance variables influence more on fish community structure and function than natural variables in the Wei River basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,61:438-446.
[24]袁刚,茹辉军,刘学勤.2007-2008年云南高原湖泊鱼类多样性与资源现状[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(06):837-841.YUAN G,RU H J,LIU X Q.Fish diversity and fishery resources in lakes of Yunnan Plateau during 2007-2008[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2010,22(06):837-841.
[25]刘明典,陈大庆,段辛斌.澜沧江云南段鱼类区系组成与分布[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(1):156-170.LIU M D,CHEN D Q,DUAN X B.Ichthyofauna composition and distribution of fishes in Yunnan section of Lancang River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(1):156-170.