矿山周边农田土壤磁化率与重金属含量的关系研究
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摘要
以四川某矿山周边农田土壤为研究对象,测定表层土壤样品磁化率和Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg 8种元素的含量,探讨土壤磁化率与重金属等的相关性及空间分布规律。结果表明:与农用地土壤污染风险管控标准相比,除Hg外,其他7种元素均有不同程度的超标,以Cd、Cu超标最严重,超标率分别达到98. 9%和38. 7%;低频磁化率(χ_(lf))和频率磁化率(χ_(fd))的均值分别为175×10~(-8)m~3/kg和5. 2%,其中旱地土壤的低频磁化率(χ_(lf))与重金属Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量呈显著正相关,水田土壤磁化率与重金属的相关性不明显,表明旱地土壤磁化率能更好地指示土壤重金属污染;土壤低频磁化率(χ_(lf))与重金属含量和污染负荷指数(PLI)有着相似的空间分布,高值区集中在研究区中东部、东南部和北部地区,而频率磁化率(χ_(fd))与低频磁化率(χ_(lf))的分布趋势相反。土壤磁化率能够较好地指示农田土壤重金属的污染程度,可以作为土壤重金属污染研究的辅助手段。
The magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of Cu,Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg in farmland topsoil samples from the surroundings of mine in Sichuan Province were measured to investigate their spatial distribution and correlation in this study. The results showed that except Hg,the concentrations of other measured heavy metals were higher than the risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land. The exceed ratio of Cd and Cu was separately 98. 9% and 38. 7%. The average of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and frequency magnetic susceptibility in topsoil samples was 175× 10~(-8) m~3/kg and 5. 2% respectively. Low-frequency magnetic susceptibility in dryland soil was significantly positively correlated with Cu,Ni Zn,Pb and Cd. However,there was no significant correlation between frequency magnetic susceptibility and the heavy metals in paddy soil. Therefore,the magnetic susceptibility in dryland soil could indicate soil heavy metal pollution better. The spatial distribution of the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility showed the same tendency with the spatial distribution of the heavy metals and the pollution load index. The high values of them were concentrated in the central eastern,southeastern and northern part of the study area. While the distribution of frequency magnetic susceptibility had the opposite tendency with the distribution of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility. Therefore,soil magnetic susceptibility can help indicating the pollution level of heavy metals in agricultural soil and can be used as an effective supplementary mean for the pollution research of heavy metal in soil.
The magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of Cu,Cr,Ni,Zn,Pb,Cd,As and Hg in farmland topsoil samples from the surroundings of mine in Sichuan Province were measured to investigate their spatial distribution and correlation in this study. The results showed that except Hg,the concentrations of other measured heavy metals were higher than the risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land. The exceed ratio of Cd and Cu was separately 98. 9% and 38. 7%. The average of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility and frequency magnetic susceptibility in topsoil samples was 175× 10~(-8) m~3/kg and 5. 2% respectively. Low-frequency magnetic susceptibility in dryland soil was significantly positively correlated with Cu,Ni Zn,Pb and Cd. However,there was no significant correlation between frequency magnetic susceptibility and the heavy metals in paddy soil. Therefore,the magnetic susceptibility in dryland soil could indicate soil heavy metal pollution better. The spatial distribution of the low-frequency magnetic susceptibility showed the same tendency with the spatial distribution of the heavy metals and the pollution load index. The high values of them were concentrated in the central eastern,southeastern and northern part of the study area. While the distribution of frequency magnetic susceptibility had the opposite tendency with the distribution of low-frequency magnetic susceptibility. Therefore,soil magnetic susceptibility can help indicating the pollution level of heavy metals in agricultural soil and can be used as an effective supplementary mean for the pollution research of heavy metal in soil.
引文
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[4]薛勇，周倩，李远，等．曹妃甸围填海土壤重金属积累的磁化率指示研究[J]．环境科学，2016,37(4):1 306-1 312.XUE Yong, ZHOU Qian, LI Yuan, et al. Heavy Metals Accumulation in the Caofeidian Reclamation Soils:Indicated by Soil Magnetic Susceptibility[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1 306-1 312.
[5]曾丽婷，陈永康，王学松．城市表层土壤重金属与磁化率的多尺度空间变异分析[J]．环境科学学报，2014,34(4):987-995.ZENG Liting, CHEN Yongkang, WANG Xuesong.Multi-Scale Spatial Variability Analysis of Heavy Metals and Magnetic Susceptibility in Urban Topsoil[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(4):987-995.
[6]MARTIN A P,OHNEISER C,TURNBULL R E,et al. Soil Magnetic Susceptibility Mapping as a Pollution and Provenance Tool:An Example from Southern New Zealand[J]. Geophysical Journal International,2018,212(2):1 225-1 236.
[7]LIU D,MA J,SUN Y,et al. Spatial Distribution of Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and Correlation with Heavy Metal Pollution in Kaifeng City,China[J]. Catena,2016,139:53-60.
[8]陈轶楠，张永清，张希云，等．晋南某钢厂周边土壤重金属与磁化率分布规律及其相关性研究[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2014,28(1):85-91.CHEN Yinan,ZHANG Yongqing,ZHANG Xiyun,et al. Distributions of Soil Heavy Metal Elements and Magnetic Susceptibility and Their Correlativity Around a Steel Factory in Southern Shanxi Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(1):85-91.
[9]AYOUBI S,SOLTANI Z,KHADEMI H. Particle Size Distribution of Heavy Metals and Magnetic Susceptibility in an Industrial Site[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,100(5):708-714.
[10]王冠，陈裕颖，夏敦胜，等．上海城市表土磁性特征对重金属污染的指示作用[J]．环境科学学报，2018,38(8):3 302-3 312.WANG Guan,CHEN Yuying,XIA Dunsheng,et al.Magnetic Property of Urban Topsoil and Its Implication of Heavy Metal Pollution in Shanghai[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(8):3 302-3 312.
[11]杨孟，李慧明，李凤英，等．工业区户外儿童游乐场地表灰尘重金属污染的磁学响应[J]．环境科学，2017,38(12):5 282-5 291.YANG Meng, LI Huiming, LI Fengying, et al.Magnetic Response of Heavy Metal Pollution in Playground Dust of an Industrial Area[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5 282-5 291.
[12]罗伟，谢贤健，陈婷旭，等．中小城市不同土地利用方式下土壤磁化率空间分布及对铅元素含量的指示意义[J]．土壤通报，2017,48(1):53-60.LUO Wei,XIE Xianjian,CHEN Tingxu,et al. Spatial Distribution of Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and Its Implications as an Indicator of Pb Content Under Different Land use Types in a Medium-Sized City[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(1):53-60.
[13]吴丹，欧阳婷萍，匡耀求，等．佛山农业表层土壤磁化率特征及其与重金属含量的关系[J]．生态环境学报，2014,23(11):1 826-1 831.WU Dan,OUYANG Tingping,KUANG Yaoqiu,et al.Correlationship Between Magnetic Susceptibility and the Concentration of Heavy Metal in Agricultural Topsoil of Foshan City[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(11):1 826-1 831.
[14]环境保护部，国土资源部．全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J]．中国环保产业，2014,36(5):10-11.Ministry of Environmental Protection,Ministry of Land and Resources. National Survey of Soil Pollution[J].China Environmental Protection Industry, 2014,36(5):10-11.
[15]王菲，吴泉源，吕建树，等．山东省典型金矿区土壤重金属空间特征分析与环境风险评估[J]．环境科学，2016,37(8):3 144-3 150.WANG Fei,WU Quanyuan,LV Jianshu,et al. Spatial Characteristics and Environmental Risk of Heavy Metals in Typical Gold Mining Area of Shandong Province[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(8):3 144-3 150.
[16]刘巍，杨建军，汪君，等．准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价及来源分析[J]．环境科学，2016,37(5):1 938-1 945.LIU Wei, YANG Jianjun, WANG Jun, et al.Contamination Assessment and Sources Analysis of Soil Heavy Metals in Opencast Mine of East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(5):1 938-1 945.
[17]吴劲楠，龙健，刘灵飞，等．某铅锌矿区农田重金属分布特征及其风险评价[J]．中国环境科学，2018,38(3):1 054-1 063.WU Jinnan,LONG Jian,LIU Lingfei,et al. Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil of a Lead-Zinc Mining Area[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(3):1 054-1 063.
[18]YU F,TINGPING Z,MENGTONG L,et al. Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Brown Rice and Human Health Risk Assessment near Three Mining Areas in Central China[J]. Journal of Healthcare Engineering,2017(3):1-9.
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[20]农业部环境保护科研监测所．土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第2部分:土壤中总砷的测定:GB/T 22105. 2—2008[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2008.
[21]荆淼，王其枫，王艳萍，等．电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中常规元素及稀土元素[J]．环境化学，2016,35(11):2 445-2 446.JING Miao,WANG Qifeng,WANG Yanping,et al.Detection of Metallic Elements and Rare Earth Elements in Soil by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(11):2 445-2 446.
[22]ANGULO E. The Tomlinson Pollution Load Index Applied to Heavy Metal，‘Mussel-Watch’ Data:A Useful Index to Assess Coastal Pollution[J]. Science of the Total Environment,1996,187(1):19-56.
[23]王文华，赵晨，赵俊霞，等．包头某稀土尾矿库周边土壤重金属污染特征与生态风险评价[J]．金属矿山，2017(7):168-172.Wang Wenhua, Zhao Chen, Zhao Junxia, et al.Pollution Characteristic and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils around Rare Tailings in Baotou[J].Metal Mine,2017(7):168-172.
[24]王小莉，陈志凡，魏张东，等．开封市城乡交错区农田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J]．环境化学，2018,37(3):513-522.WANG Xiaoli,CHEN Zhifan,WEI Zhangdong,et al.Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Agricultural Soils Located in the PeriUrban Area of Kaifeng City[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(3):513-522.
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