煤矸石层的充填结构对土壤水分入渗规律的影响
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摘要
为探讨煤矸石的存在对矿区土壤入渗的影响。采用室内一维定水头垂直入渗试验,对含煤矸石层土柱在3种容重条件下(1.2、1.3、1.4 g/cm~3),按其在土柱中厚度(4、8、12 cm)和位置(上层、中层、下层)的不同,进行土壤入渗规律研究。结果表明(:1)煤矸石位于土柱上层时,厚度增加进一步提高了土壤入渗;位于中层时均抑制了入渗;位于下层时对入渗的影响较小(;2)土壤入渗随容重的增大而减小。同一煤矸石容重和厚度,其位置影响入渗的排序为:上层>下层>中层(;3)本试验所设厚度对土壤入渗影响不显著,而位置和容重影响极显著。通用公式可更好地反映土壤入渗规律。
This paper aims to explore the influence of the coal gangue on the soil infiltration in the mining area. By using the vertical infiltration test of indoor one-dimensional fixed-head, we studied the soil infiltration law of coal gangue layer under 3 kinds of bulk condition(1.2, 1.3, 1.4 g/cm~3) according to its thickness in soil column(4, 8, 12 cm) and positions(upper, middle and under layer). The results showed that:(1) when the coal gangue was located on the upper layer of soil column, the increase of its thickness further improved the soil infiltration; then, it inhibited infiltration in the middle layer; and when located on the under layer, it had less influence on the soil infiltration;(2) soil infiltration decreased with the increase of bulk density; at the same bulk density and thickness of the coal gangue, the order of location affecting the infiltration was: upper layer>under layer>middle layer;(3) the thickness set in this experiment had no significant effect on soil infiltration, while the locations and the bulk densities had significant effects on it. The general formula could better reflect the law of soil infiltration.
This paper aims to explore the influence of the coal gangue on the soil infiltration in the mining area. By using the vertical infiltration test of indoor one-dimensional fixed-head, we studied the soil infiltration law of coal gangue layer under 3 kinds of bulk condition(1.2, 1.3, 1.4 g/cm~3) according to its thickness in soil column(4, 8, 12 cm) and positions(upper, middle and under layer). The results showed that:(1) when the coal gangue was located on the upper layer of soil column, the increase of its thickness further improved the soil infiltration; then, it inhibited infiltration in the middle layer; and when located on the under layer, it had less influence on the soil infiltration;(2) soil infiltration decreased with the increase of bulk density; at the same bulk density and thickness of the coal gangue, the order of location affecting the infiltration was: upper layer>under layer>middle layer;(3) the thickness set in this experiment had no significant effect on soil infiltration, while the locations and the bulk densities had significant effects on it. The general formula could better reflect the law of soil infiltration.
引文
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[11]黎娟娟,韦杰.紫色土坡耕地土地硬坎分层入渗试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):69-75.
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[13]张金珠,王振华,虎胆·吐马尔白.具有秸秆夹层层状土壤一维垂直入渗水盐分布特征[J].土壤,2014,46(5):954-960.
[14]覃小华,刘东升,宋强辉,等.降雨条件下一维土柱垂直入渗模型试验研究及其渗透系数求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):475-484.
[15]屈忠义,杨晓,黄永江,等.基于Horton分形的河套灌区渠系水利用效率分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):120-127.
[16]武敏,冯绍元,孙春燕,等.北京市大兴区典型土壤水分入渗规律田间试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(4):98-102.
[17]李叶鑫,郭宏忠,史东梅,等.紫色丘陵区不同弃渣土下垫面入渗特征影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1292-1297.
[18]郭华,樊贵盛.考虑土壤结构变形的Kostiakov入渗模型参数非线性预报模型[J].节水灌溉,2015,12(15):11-15.
[19]陈亚凯,邵芳,乔志勇,等.黄河泥沙充填复垦耕地表层土壤垂直入渗特性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(7):798-805.
[20]李涛,张建丰,杨艳芬,等.土壤容重对深层坑渗灌入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(6):89-94.
[2]王尚义,石瑛,牛俊杰,等.煤歼石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤养分的影响[J].地理学报,2013,68(13):372-379.
[3]陈虎维,郭昭华.露天煤矿土地复垦生态重建[J].露天采矿技术,2005,5(5):72-77.
[4]陈孝杨,周育智,严家平,等.覆土厚度对煤歼石充填重构土壤活性有机碳分布的影响[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1235-1243.
[5]冯蕊.煤研石综合利用发展方向研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2013,5:122-125.
[6]党宏宇,邵明安,陈洪松,等.不同煤矸石厚度及位置对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):62-66.
[7]韩有志,王政权.森林更新与空间异质性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):615-619.
[8]Cousin I,Nicoullanud B,Coutandeur C.Influence of rock fragments on the water retention and water percolation in a calcareous soil[J].Catena,2003,53(2):97-114.
[9]Itzhak Katra,Hanoch Lavee,Pariente Sarah.The effect of rock fragment size and position on topsoil moisture on arid and semiarid hillslopes[J].Catena,2008,72(1):49-55.
[10]周蓓蓓,邵明安.不同碎石含量及直径对土壤水分入渗过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,44(5):801-807.
[11]黎娟娟,韦杰.紫色土坡耕地土地硬坎分层入渗试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):69-75.
[12]樊贵盛,余翔.土壤一维垂直入渗控制界面的试验研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2011,42(3):277-280.
[13]张金珠,王振华,虎胆·吐马尔白.具有秸秆夹层层状土壤一维垂直入渗水盐分布特征[J].土壤,2014,46(5):954-960.
[14]覃小华,刘东升,宋强辉,等.降雨条件下一维土柱垂直入渗模型试验研究及其渗透系数求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(2):475-484.
[15]屈忠义,杨晓,黄永江,等.基于Horton分形的河套灌区渠系水利用效率分析[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(13):120-127.
[16]武敏,冯绍元,孙春燕,等.北京市大兴区典型土壤水分入渗规律田间试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2009,14(4):98-102.
[17]李叶鑫,郭宏忠,史东梅,等.紫色丘陵区不同弃渣土下垫面入渗特征影响因素[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1292-1297.
[18]郭华,樊贵盛.考虑土壤结构变形的Kostiakov入渗模型参数非线性预报模型[J].节水灌溉,2015,12(15):11-15.
[19]陈亚凯,邵芳,乔志勇,等.黄河泥沙充填复垦耕地表层土壤垂直入渗特性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(7):798-805.
[20]李涛,张建丰,杨艳芬,等.土壤容重对深层坑渗灌入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(6):89-94.