额尔齐斯河与黑龙江流域哲罗鲑群体遗传差异比较
|
摘要
由于拦河筑坝、水体污染以及过度捕捞等原因,哲罗鲑(Hucho taimen)野生资源急剧衰退,已被列入中国脊椎动物红色名录,急需开展哲罗鲑野生群体的恢复与保护工作,人工增殖放流已成为最重要的保护方式之一。为了开展科学有效的哲罗鲑人工增殖放流工作,分析其不同来源群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异非常必要。通过测定来自我国额尔齐斯河(IR)、黑龙江(AR)以及人工繁殖(AP,亲本来源于黑龙江流域)的3个哲罗鲑群体线粒体DNA部分序列(COI和D-loop),并从GenBank下载来自俄罗斯鄂毕河(额尔齐斯河下游河流)、黑龙江流域的部分D-loop序列,比较额尔齐斯河与黑龙江流域哲罗鲑的遗传差异。结果表明,在测定的43尾个体中,线粒体DNA测序长度为2 626bp,共检测出37个多态位点,定义了18个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.520～0.952,核苷酸多样性为0.00032～0.00167,其中IR群体的单倍型多样性最高,AR群体核苷酸多样性最高,而AP群体单倍型与核苷酸多样性均最低。分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,77.19%的遗传变异来源于群体间,总遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.7719(P<0.01),表明两个流域的哲罗鲑群体间存在显著的遗传分化。无论是仅使用本研究测定的样品,还是加入从GenBank下载的俄罗斯哲罗鲑样品,聚类分析结果均表明存在两个明显的单倍型谱系分支,额尔齐斯河流域哲罗鲑为单独一支,黑龙江流域哲罗鲑聚为另一支。建议加强人工繁殖哲罗鲑的遗传管理和不同水域哲罗鲑增殖放流的遗传学论证,有效维持自然水体哲罗鲑的遗传多样性水平。
Hucho taimen(Pallas,1773)is a carnivorous freshwater fish inhabiting in the Irtysh and Amur River basins in China and is of high economic value.In recent years,wild populations of H.taimen have declined dramatically as a result of river damming,water pollution and overfishing,and it is now on the Red List of China′s Vertebrates.The objectives of this study were to provide data supporting conservation of wild H.taimen populations and technical support for the artificial propagation program in the Irtysh River basin.Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences(COI and D-loop)were characterized for H.taimen populations sampled from Irtysh River(IR),Amur River(AR)and artificially propagated juveniles(AP,parents from Amur River Basin).To compare genetic diversity and differences in H.taimen populations from different areas,D-loop sequences were downloaded from GenBank for H.taimen sampled from Ob River(the lower reaches of the Irtysh River)and Amur River in Russia.A total of 43 H.taimen samples were collected in this study,7 from the IR population,26 from the AP population and 10 from the AR population.The mtDNA sequences of all 43 specimens were successfully sequenced and characterized.The length of the mitochondrial DNA sequence(COI and D-loop)was 2 626 base pairs(bp)and a total of 37 polymorphic sites and 18 different mtDNA haplotypes were identified among the 43 specimens.The number of haplotypes for IR,AR and AP populations was 6,6 and 7,giving respective haplotype diversities of0.952,0.867 and 0.520 and nucleotide diversities of 0.00105,0.00167 and 0.00032.The IR population had the highest haplotype diversity,the AR population had the highest nucleotide diversity,and the AP population had the lowest haplotype and nucleotide diversities.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that genetic variation among the populations was 77.19% and the genetic differentiation among the H.taimen populations was significant(Fst=0.7719,P<0.01).Phylogenetic analysis also showed that the haplotypes from the Irtysh River basin and Amur River basin lineages had diverged.Thus,the genetic diversity of artificially bred H.taimen should be increased to strengthen the population.
Hucho taimen(Pallas,1773)is a carnivorous freshwater fish inhabiting in the Irtysh and Amur River basins in China and is of high economic value.In recent years,wild populations of H.taimen have declined dramatically as a result of river damming,water pollution and overfishing,and it is now on the Red List of China′s Vertebrates.The objectives of this study were to provide data supporting conservation of wild H.taimen populations and technical support for the artificial propagation program in the Irtysh River basin.Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences(COI and D-loop)were characterized for H.taimen populations sampled from Irtysh River(IR),Amur River(AR)and artificially propagated juveniles(AP,parents from Amur River Basin).To compare genetic diversity and differences in H.taimen populations from different areas,D-loop sequences were downloaded from GenBank for H.taimen sampled from Ob River(the lower reaches of the Irtysh River)and Amur River in Russia.A total of 43 H.taimen samples were collected in this study,7 from the IR population,26 from the AP population and 10 from the AR population.The mtDNA sequences of all 43 specimens were successfully sequenced and characterized.The length of the mitochondrial DNA sequence(COI and D-loop)was 2 626 base pairs(bp)and a total of 37 polymorphic sites and 18 different mtDNA haplotypes were identified among the 43 specimens.The number of haplotypes for IR,AR and AP populations was 6,6 and 7,giving respective haplotype diversities of0.952,0.867 and 0.520 and nucleotide diversities of 0.00105,0.00167 and 0.00032.The IR population had the highest haplotype diversity,the AR population had the highest nucleotide diversity,and the AP population had the lowest haplotype and nucleotide diversities.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)indicated that genetic variation among the populations was 77.19% and the genetic differentiation among the H.taimen populations was significant(Fst=0.7719,P<0.01).Phylogenetic analysis also showed that the haplotypes from the Irtysh River basin and Amur River basin lineages had diverged.Thus,the genetic diversity of artificially bred H.taimen should be increased to strengthen the population.
引文
崔喜顺,周长海,李国芳,2004.乌苏里江下游海青江段哲罗鱼渔业生物学研究[J].黑龙江水产,17(1):43-45.
董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等,1998.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅰ.哲罗鱼分布区域及其变化[J].水产学杂志,11(1):65-70.
海萨,孟玮,杨天燕,等,2012.基于控制区序列分析河鲈遗传多样性[J].水产学杂志,25(1):38-41.
胡思帆,2014.新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼线粒体基因组分析和遗传多样性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
姜作发,唐富江,尹家胜,2004.乌苏里江上游虎头江段哲罗鱼种群结构及生长特性[J].东北林业大学学报,33(4):53-55.
姜作发,尹家胜,徐伟,等,2003.人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼生长的初步研究[J].水产学报,27(6):590-594.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等,2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
匡友谊,佟广香,徐伟,等,2010.黑龙江流域哲罗鲑的遗传结构分析[J].中国水产科学,17(6):1028-1017.
匡友谊,佟广香,尹家胜,等,2007.呼玛河哲罗鱼遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].中国水产科学,14(4):615-621.
乐佩琦,陈宜瑜,1998.中国濒危动物红皮书(鱼类)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李鹏飞,贺舟挺,徐开达,等,2013.基于COI基因和D-loop序列的东海鳓鱼种质资源遗传变异研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),32(2):93-98.
梁利群,常玉梅,董崇智,等,2004.微卫星DNA标记对乌苏里江哲罗鱼遗传多样性的分析[J].水产学报,28(3):241-244.
刘博,匡友谊,佟广香,等,2011.微卫星分析9个哲罗鱼野生群体的遗传多样性[J].动物学研究,32(6):597-604.
任慕莲,郭焱,张人铭,等,2002.中国额尔齐斯河鱼类资源及渔业[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
佟广香,匡友谊,张永泉,等,2015.微卫星标记在濒危哲罗鱼增殖放流中的应用[J].华北农学报,30(S1):38-45.
汪松,解焱,2004.中国物种红色名录[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
徐伟,孙慧武,关海红,等,2007.哲罗鱼全人工繁育的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,14(6):896-902.
杨天燕,孟玮,海萨,等,2017.基于线粒体Cyt b序列对新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼遗传结构的分析[J].动物学杂志,52(2):304-313.
尹家胜,徐伟,曹顶臣,等,2003.乌苏里江哲罗鲑的年龄结构、性比和生长[J].动物学报,49(5):687-692.
Blankenship H L,Leber K M,2010.A responsible approach to marine stock enhancement:An Update[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,18(2):189-210.
Boscari E,Giu L,2014.The need for genetic support in restocking activities and ex situ conservation programmes:the case of the Adriatic sturgeon(Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte,1836)in the Ticino River Park[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(6):1416-1422.
Erickson D L,Fenster C B,Stenoien H K,et al,2004.Quantitative trait locus analyses and the study of evolutionary process[J].Molecular Ecology,13(9):2505-2522.
Excoffier L,Lischer H E,2010.Arlequin suite ver 3.5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J].Molecular Ecology Resources,10(3):564-567.
Felsenstein Joseph,1985.Confidence limits on phylogenies:an approach using the bootstrap[J].Evolution,39(4):783-791.
Fiedler P L,2012.Conservation biology:the theory and practice of nature conservation preservation and management[M].Springer Science and Business Media.
Frankham R,Ballou J,Briscoe D,2002.Introduction to Conservation genetics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Froufe E,Alekseyev S,Knizhin I,et al,2005.Comparative mtDNA sequence(control region,ATPase 6 and NADH-1)divergence in Hucho taimen(Pallas,1773)across four Siberian river basins.Journal of Fish Biology,67(4):1040-1053
Grant W,Bowen B,1998.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation[J].Journal of Heredity,89(5):415-426.
Holcik J,Hensel K,Nieslanik J,et al,1988.The Eurasian Huchen Hucho hucho:Largest Salmon of the World[M].Hingham:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kocher T D,Thomas W K,Meyer A,et al,1989.Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals:amplification and sequencing with conserved primers[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,86(16):6196-6200.
Li S Z,Dai D Y,Zhang S Y,et al,1966.Notes on a collection of fishes from north sinkiang,China[J].Acta Zool Sin,18(1):41-56.
Maric S,Alekseyev S,Snoj A,et al,2014.First mtDNAsequencing of Volga and Ob basin taimen Hucho taimen:European populations stem from a late Pleistocene expansion of H.taimen out of western Siberia and are not intermediate to Hucho hucho[J].Journal of Fish Biology,85(2):530-539.
Nei M,1987.Molecular Evolutionary Genetics[M].Columbia University Press,New York,USA.
Neigel J E,2002.Is Fst Obsolete?[J].Conservation Genetics,3(2):167-173.
Shaklee J B,Tamaru C S,Waples R S,1982.Speciation and evolution of marine fishes studied by the electrophoretic analysis of proteins[J].Pacific Science,36(2):141-157.
Slate J,2005.Quantitative trait locus mapping in natural populations:Progress,caveats and future directions[J].Molecular Ecology,14(2):363-379.
Spielman D,Brook B,Frankham R,2004.Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factor impact them[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,101(42):15261-15264.
Wright S,1978.Evolution and the Genetics of Populations,Volume 4Variability Within and Among Natural Populations[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
董崇智,李怀明,赵春刚,等,1998.濒危名贵哲罗鱼保护生物学的研究Ⅰ.哲罗鱼分布区域及其变化[J].水产学杂志,11(1):65-70.
海萨,孟玮,杨天燕,等,2012.基于控制区序列分析河鲈遗传多样性[J].水产学杂志,25(1):38-41.
胡思帆,2014.新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼线粒体基因组分析和遗传多样性研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学.
姜作发,唐富江,尹家胜,2004.乌苏里江上游虎头江段哲罗鱼种群结构及生长特性[J].东北林业大学学报,33(4):53-55.
姜作发,尹家胜,徐伟,等,2003.人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼生长的初步研究[J].水产学报,27(6):590-594.
蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等,2016.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,24(5):500-551.
匡友谊,佟广香,徐伟,等,2010.黑龙江流域哲罗鲑的遗传结构分析[J].中国水产科学,17(6):1028-1017.
匡友谊,佟广香,尹家胜,等,2007.呼玛河哲罗鱼遗传多样性的AFLP分析[J].中国水产科学,14(4):615-621.
乐佩琦,陈宜瑜,1998.中国濒危动物红皮书(鱼类)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李鹏飞,贺舟挺,徐开达,等,2013.基于COI基因和D-loop序列的东海鳓鱼种质资源遗传变异研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),32(2):93-98.
梁利群,常玉梅,董崇智,等,2004.微卫星DNA标记对乌苏里江哲罗鱼遗传多样性的分析[J].水产学报,28(3):241-244.
刘博,匡友谊,佟广香,等,2011.微卫星分析9个哲罗鱼野生群体的遗传多样性[J].动物学研究,32(6):597-604.
任慕莲,郭焱,张人铭,等,2002.中国额尔齐斯河鱼类资源及渔业[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社.
佟广香,匡友谊,张永泉,等,2015.微卫星标记在濒危哲罗鱼增殖放流中的应用[J].华北农学报,30(S1):38-45.
汪松,解焱,2004.中国物种红色名录[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
徐伟,孙慧武,关海红,等,2007.哲罗鱼全人工繁育的初步研究[J].中国水产科学,14(6):896-902.
杨天燕,孟玮,海萨,等,2017.基于线粒体Cyt b序列对新疆额尔齐斯河贝加尔雅罗鱼遗传结构的分析[J].动物学杂志,52(2):304-313.
尹家胜,徐伟,曹顶臣,等,2003.乌苏里江哲罗鲑的年龄结构、性比和生长[J].动物学报,49(5):687-692.
Blankenship H L,Leber K M,2010.A responsible approach to marine stock enhancement:An Update[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,18(2):189-210.
Boscari E,Giu L,2014.The need for genetic support in restocking activities and ex situ conservation programmes:the case of the Adriatic sturgeon(Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte,1836)in the Ticino River Park[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,30(6):1416-1422.
Erickson D L,Fenster C B,Stenoien H K,et al,2004.Quantitative trait locus analyses and the study of evolutionary process[J].Molecular Ecology,13(9):2505-2522.
Excoffier L,Lischer H E,2010.Arlequin suite ver 3.5:a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows[J].Molecular Ecology Resources,10(3):564-567.
Felsenstein Joseph,1985.Confidence limits on phylogenies:an approach using the bootstrap[J].Evolution,39(4):783-791.
Fiedler P L,2012.Conservation biology:the theory and practice of nature conservation preservation and management[M].Springer Science and Business Media.
Frankham R,Ballou J,Briscoe D,2002.Introduction to Conservation genetics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Froufe E,Alekseyev S,Knizhin I,et al,2005.Comparative mtDNA sequence(control region,ATPase 6 and NADH-1)divergence in Hucho taimen(Pallas,1773)across four Siberian river basins.Journal of Fish Biology,67(4):1040-1053
Grant W,Bowen B,1998.Shallow population histories in deep evolutionary lineages of marine fishes:insights from sardines and anchovies and lessons for conservation[J].Journal of Heredity,89(5):415-426.
Holcik J,Hensel K,Nieslanik J,et al,1988.The Eurasian Huchen Hucho hucho:Largest Salmon of the World[M].Hingham:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Kocher T D,Thomas W K,Meyer A,et al,1989.Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals:amplification and sequencing with conserved primers[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,86(16):6196-6200.
Li S Z,Dai D Y,Zhang S Y,et al,1966.Notes on a collection of fishes from north sinkiang,China[J].Acta Zool Sin,18(1):41-56.
Maric S,Alekseyev S,Snoj A,et al,2014.First mtDNAsequencing of Volga and Ob basin taimen Hucho taimen:European populations stem from a late Pleistocene expansion of H.taimen out of western Siberia and are not intermediate to Hucho hucho[J].Journal of Fish Biology,85(2):530-539.
Nei M,1987.Molecular Evolutionary Genetics[M].Columbia University Press,New York,USA.
Neigel J E,2002.Is Fst Obsolete?[J].Conservation Genetics,3(2):167-173.
Shaklee J B,Tamaru C S,Waples R S,1982.Speciation and evolution of marine fishes studied by the electrophoretic analysis of proteins[J].Pacific Science,36(2):141-157.
Slate J,2005.Quantitative trait locus mapping in natural populations:Progress,caveats and future directions[J].Molecular Ecology,14(2):363-379.
Spielman D,Brook B,Frankham R,2004.Most species are not driven to extinction before genetic factor impact them[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,101(42):15261-15264.
Wright S,1978.Evolution and the Genetics of Populations,Volume 4Variability Within and Among Natural Populations[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |