红水河流域输沙量变化及其影响因素
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摘要
红水河是珠江流域的主要泥沙来源,为了确定1955—2016年红水河流域输沙量变化特征及其影响因素,论文尝试采用有序聚类分析确定了流域输沙量变化的3个时期,并利用泥沙归因诊断分析计算了含沙量、径流系数和降雨因子在不同时期对输沙量变化的贡献程度,在此基础上进一步对影响输沙量变化的主要因素进行了分析。研究表明:1955—2016年间红水河流域输沙量存在1963和1991年2个突变点,在突变点前后输沙量存在明显变化,且这一变化主要受含沙量因子控制,人类活动是造成流域输沙量变化的根本原因。其中在1955—1991年间,红水河输沙量的上升主要由毁林开荒引起的流域水土流失面积增加所导致;而在1964—2016年间,水库修建使红水河流域输沙量减少了83.49%,而同时期植被覆盖度的增长贡献了输沙量减少的12.03%。将Wa TEM/SEDEM模型模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,同样发现1964—2016年输沙量变化的绝大部分(81.03%)由修建水库所贡献,而土地利用变化对输沙量减少的贡献相对较小(18.97%)。
Hongshui River Basin in Southwestern China is the main sediment source of the Pearl River. In order to determine the features of sediment load and its influencing factors in the basin from 1955 to 2016, this study identified three periods of sediment load change by using rank order cluster analysis, and calculated the contribution of average precipitation, water yield capacity, and sediment concentrations to the change of sediment load by means of sediment source attribution. On this basis, the main factors affecting the change of sediment load were further analyzed. The results suggest that 1963 and 1991 were the two turning points of sediment load at the Qianjiang Station in the basin. Due to the variation of sediment concentration, sediment load changed greatly before and after these two points, and human activities were the main driving force of the change of sediment load in this basin. During 1955-1991, the increase of sediment load in the Hongshui River was mainly caused by the increase of soil erosion as a result of deforestation and reclamation in the basin. From1964 to 2016, 83.49% of the total sediment load reduction was caused by reservoir construction, while the increase of vegetation coverage contributed 12.03% to the decrease of sediment load in the same period.Comparing the results of the WaTEM/SEDEM model with the above results, it is also found that reservoir construction accounted for the vast majority(81.03%) of the total reduction between 1964 and 2016, while the contribution of land-use change to the reduction of sediment load was relatively small(18.97%).
Hongshui River Basin in Southwestern China is the main sediment source of the Pearl River. In order to determine the features of sediment load and its influencing factors in the basin from 1955 to 2016, this study identified three periods of sediment load change by using rank order cluster analysis, and calculated the contribution of average precipitation, water yield capacity, and sediment concentrations to the change of sediment load by means of sediment source attribution. On this basis, the main factors affecting the change of sediment load were further analyzed. The results suggest that 1963 and 1991 were the two turning points of sediment load at the Qianjiang Station in the basin. Due to the variation of sediment concentration, sediment load changed greatly before and after these two points, and human activities were the main driving force of the change of sediment load in this basin. During 1955-1991, the increase of sediment load in the Hongshui River was mainly caused by the increase of soil erosion as a result of deforestation and reclamation in the basin. From1964 to 2016, 83.49% of the total sediment load reduction was caused by reservoir construction, while the increase of vegetation coverage contributed 12.03% to the decrease of sediment load in the same period.Comparing the results of the WaTEM/SEDEM model with the above results, it is also found that reservoir construction accounted for the vast majority(81.03%) of the total reduction between 1964 and 2016, while the contribution of land-use change to the reduction of sediment load was relatively small(18.97%).
引文
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武旭同,王腊春,李娜.2018.近60 a来长江干流输沙量变化及其原因分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,27(1):116-124.[Wu X T,Wang L C,Li N.2018.Analysis on the change of sediment discharge of the Yangtze River in recent 60years.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,27(1):116-124.]
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徐夏楠,高建华,贾建军,等.2015.气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖流域入湖输沙量影响的定量估算[J].地理研究,34(5):838-850.[Xu X N,Gao J H,Ja J J,et al.2015.The quantitative estimation of sediment load changes entering Poyang Lake basin induced by climate change and anthropogenic impacts.Geographical Research,34(5):838-850.]
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薛天翼,王红亚.2018.湖泊(水库)沉积物分析在土壤侵蚀研究中的运用[J].地理科学进展,37(7):890-900.[Xue TY,Wang H Y.2018.Soil erosion investigation based on sediments in lakes and reservoirs.Progress in Geography,37(7):890-900.]
应铭,李九发,万新宁,等.2005.长江大通站输沙量时间序列分析研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,14(1):83-87.[Ying M,Li J F,Wan X N,et al.2005.Study on time series of sediment discharge at Datong station in the Yangtze River.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,14(1):83-87.]
袁路,潘家华.2013.Kaya恒等式的碳排放驱动因素分解及其政策含义的局限性[J].气候变化研究进展,9(3):210-215.[Yuan L,Pan J H.2013.Disaggregation of carbon emission drivers in Kaya Identity and its limitations with regard of policy implications.Climate Change Research,9(3):210-215.]
张金池,李海东,林杰,等.2008.基于小流域尺度的土壤可蚀性K值空间变异[J].生态学报,28(5):2199-2206.[Zhang J C,Li H D,Lin J,et al.2008.Spatial variability of soil erodibility(K-Factor)at a catchment scale in China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,28(5):2199-2206.]
张科利,彭文英,杨红丽.2007.中国土壤可蚀性值及其估算[J].土壤学报,44(1):7-13.[Zhang K L,Peng W Y,Yang H L.2007.Soil erodibility and its estimation for agricultural soil in China.Acta Pedologica Sinica,44(1):7-13.]
张信宝,文安邦,Walling D E,等.2011.大型水库对长江上游主要干支流河流输沙量的影响[J].泥沙研究,(4):59-66.[Zhang X B,Wen A B,Walling D E,et al.2011.Effects of large-scale hydropower reservoirs on sediment loads in upper Yangtze River and its major tributaries.Journal of Sediment Research,(4):59-66.]
章文波,付金生.2003.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,25(1):35-41.[Zhang W B,Fu J S.2003.Rainfall erosivity estimation under different rainfall amount.Resources Science,25(1):35-41.]
朱正治.1995.贵州省降水、径流、输沙的Cv与土壤侵蚀[J].中国水土保持,(11):24-26.[Zhu Z Z.1995.Relations between coefficients of variation of precipitation,runoff,sediment transportation and soil erosion in Guizhou Province.Soil and Water Conservation in China,(11):24-26.]
Boix-Fayos C,de Vente J,Martínez-Mena M.2008.The impact of land use change and check-dams on catchment sediment yield[J].Hydrological Processes,22(25):4922-4935.
Castillo V M,Mosch W M,García C C,et al.2007.Effectiveness and geomorphological impacts of check dams for soil erosion control in a semiarid Mediterranean catchment:El Cárcavo(Murcia,Spain)[J].Catena,70(3):416-427.
Chen C-T A,Borges A V.2009.Reconciling opposing views on carbon cycling in the coastal ocean:Continental shelves as sinks and near-shore ecosystems as sources of atmospheric CO2[J].Deep Sea Research Part II,56(8-10):578-590.
Desmet P J J,Govers G.1996.A GIS procedure for automatically calculating the USLE LS factor on topographically complex landscape units[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,51(5):427-433.
Fiener P,Auerswald K,Oost K V.2011.Spatio-temporal patterns in land use and management affecting surface runoff response of agricultural catchments:A review[J].EarthScience Reviews,106(1):92-104.
Fu B J,Zhao W W,Chen L D,et al.2005.Assessment of soil erosion at large watershed scale using RUSLE and GIS:Acase study in the Loess Plateau of China[J].Land Degradation and Development,16(1):73-85.
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