洋河流域NDVI时空变化及驱动力分析
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摘要
【目的】研究洋河流域的植被覆盖变化及驱动因素,可以为该区域生态建设及植被修复提供重要的参考价值。【方法】基于SPOT Vegetation NDVI数据、气象数据及土地利用数据,运用趋势分析、偏相关分析、复相关分析及残差分析等方法,探究1999—2015年气候变化及人类活动对洋河流域NDVI的影响。【结果】(1) 1999—2015年洋河流域NDVI整体呈上升趋势,增速为每10年3. 9%,NDVI显著改善和显著退化的面积分别占流域总面积的57. 90%和1. 13%,其中有林地和灌木林地改善最为明显。(2)研究区有51. 99%的区域NDVI变化受气候因子驱动明显,其中降水驱动型和降水、气温驱动型分别占流域总面积的26. 13%和25. 44%,前者主要分布在兴和、尚义、阳高、天镇、怀安及宣化等区域,后者主要分布在兴和南部及向东偏南方向延伸的带状区域,单一的年均气温对NDVI的变化影响较弱。(3) 1999年以来,流域植被受人类活动的干扰逐渐增强,增速为每10年4. 5%,以正向作用为主,正向作用主要分布在坝缘3县(尚义、万全、崇礼)及阳高等地,负向作用主要分布在城镇和农村等人口较为密集的地区。【结论】1999—2015年洋河流域NDVI变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果,但主要影响因素为人类活动干扰,京津风沙源治理等工程项目对当地的植被改善有十分重要的作用。
[Objective] The study of vegetation cover change and driving factors in the Yanghe Watershed of northern China can provide important reference value for regional ecological construction and vegetation restoration. [Method] Based on SPOT Vegetation NDVI data,meteorological data and land use data,the impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation NDVI in the Yanghe Watershed during 1999 to 2015 were explored using trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,multiple correlation analysis and residual analysis. [Result]( 1) The vegetation NDVI of the Yanghe Watershed in the last 17 years generally showed an upward trend with the growth rate of 3. 9% every 10 years. The area proportion of increasing and decreasing NDVI were 57. 90% and 1. 13%,respectively. Shrub land and forest improved significantly.( 2) In the study area,51. 99% of the regional NDVI changes weredriven by climate factors,with area driven by precipitation and both precipitation and temperature accounted for 26. 13% and 25. 44% of the total area of the watershed,respectively. The former area was mainly distributed in Xinghe,Shangyi,Yanggao,Tianzhen,Huaian and Xuanhua regions,and the latter was distributed in the south of Xinghe and a banded region extending to the southeast. Furthermore,annual mean temperature had little effect on the change of NDVI.( 3) The interference of human activities to the vegetation of Yanghe Watershed had an increasing trend since 1999,with more positive impacts and the growth rate of 4. 5% every 10 years. The positive effects of human activities on vegetation were mainly distributed in Shangyi,Wanquan,Chongli and Yanggao regions,while the negative effects mainly generated from towns and countries with dense population. [Conclusion] The change of NDVI in the Yanghe Watershed during the year of 1999-2015 was the result of combined effects of climate change and human activities,while human activities had the bigger effect. BeijingTianjin Dust Storm Source Control Project and other ecological projects play an important role in the improvement of NDVI in Yanghe Watershed of northern China.
[Objective] The study of vegetation cover change and driving factors in the Yanghe Watershed of northern China can provide important reference value for regional ecological construction and vegetation restoration. [Method] Based on SPOT Vegetation NDVI data,meteorological data and land use data,the impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation NDVI in the Yanghe Watershed during 1999 to 2015 were explored using trend analysis,partial correlation analysis,multiple correlation analysis and residual analysis. [Result]( 1) The vegetation NDVI of the Yanghe Watershed in the last 17 years generally showed an upward trend with the growth rate of 3. 9% every 10 years. The area proportion of increasing and decreasing NDVI were 57. 90% and 1. 13%,respectively. Shrub land and forest improved significantly.( 2) In the study area,51. 99% of the regional NDVI changes weredriven by climate factors,with area driven by precipitation and both precipitation and temperature accounted for 26. 13% and 25. 44% of the total area of the watershed,respectively. The former area was mainly distributed in Xinghe,Shangyi,Yanggao,Tianzhen,Huaian and Xuanhua regions,and the latter was distributed in the south of Xinghe and a banded region extending to the southeast. Furthermore,annual mean temperature had little effect on the change of NDVI.( 3) The interference of human activities to the vegetation of Yanghe Watershed had an increasing trend since 1999,with more positive impacts and the growth rate of 4. 5% every 10 years. The positive effects of human activities on vegetation were mainly distributed in Shangyi,Wanquan,Chongli and Yanggao regions,while the negative effects mainly generated from towns and countries with dense population. [Conclusion] The change of NDVI in the Yanghe Watershed during the year of 1999-2015 was the result of combined effects of climate change and human activities,while human activities had the bigger effect. BeijingTianjin Dust Storm Source Control Project and other ecological projects play an important role in the improvement of NDVI in Yanghe Watershed of northern China.
引文
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[12]李明泽,王雪,高元科,等.大兴安岭植被指数年际变化及影响因子分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(5):1-10.Li M Z,Wang X,Gao Y K,et al.Inter-annual variation in vegetation index and analysis of factors affecting it in Daxing’an Mountains[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2015,37(5):1-10.
[13]邓晨晖,白红英,高山,等.秦岭植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应[J].自然资源学报,2017,33(3):425-438.Deng C H,Bai H Y,Gao S,et al.Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation coverage in Qinling Mountain and its dual response to climate change and human activities[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,33(3):425--438.
[14]李辉霞,刘国华,傅伯杰.基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5495-5504.Liu H X,Liu G H,Fu B J.Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVI in the Three-River Headwaters Region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5495--5504.
[15]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等.2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1255--1268.Mu S J,Li J L,Chen Y Z,et al.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255--1268.
[16]彭飞,王涛,薛娴.基于RUE的人类活动对沙漠化地区植被影响研究:以科尔沁地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):896-902.Peng F,Wang T,Xue X.Study of human impact on vegetation in desertified regions based on rainfall use efficiency:a case of Horqin Region,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(4):896--902.
[17]李辉霞,周红艺,魏兴琥.基于RUE和NDVI的人类活动对植被干扰强度分析:以桂西北为例[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):927--937.Li H X,Zhou H Y,Wei X H.Analysis of the impact of human disturbance on vegetation based on RUE and NDVI:a case study in Northwest Guangxi,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):927--937.
[18]李文洁.北京市对张家口市开展生态补偿研究[D].保定:河北大学,2010.Li W J.Study on ecological compensation of Beijing City in Zhangjiakou[D].Baoding:Hebei University,2010.
[19]康成福.张家口土地沙化成因分析及治理对策[J].河北林业,2007(4):22-23.Kang C F.Analysis on the causes of land desertification in Zhangjiakou and counter measures[J].Hebei Forestry,2007(4):22-23.
[20]马振刚.基于遥感技术的洋河流域土地覆被变化特征分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2008.Ma Z G.The analysis of land cover change in Yang River Valley based on the remote sensing technique[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2008.
[21]Hutchinson M F.Interpolation of rainfall data with thin plate smoothing splines(Ⅰ):two dimensional smoothing of data with short range correlation[J].Geographic Information Decision Analysis,1998,2:153--167.
[22]Evans J,Geerken R.Discrimination between climate and humaninduced dryland degradation[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57(4):535--554.
[23]Geerken R,Ilaiwi M.Assessment of rangeland degradation and development of a strategy for rehabilitation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):490-504.
[24]郭伟伟.张家口地区植被覆盖度动态分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.Guo W W.Dynamic analysis of vegetation coverage in Zhangjiakou area[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012.
[2]信忠保,许炯心,郑伟.气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原植被覆盖变化的影响[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(11):1504--1514.Xin Z B,Xu J X,Zheng W.China scientific impact of climate change and human activities on the Loess Plateau vegetation cover change[J].Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2007,37(11):1504--1514.
[3]孙智辉,刘志超,雷延鹏,等.延安北部丘陵沟壑区植被指数变化及其与气候的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):196--200.Sun Z H,Liu Z C,Lei Y P,et al.The variations of NDVI and the relation with climate in hilly and gully region of Northern Yan'an[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(2):196--200.
[4]张清雨,吴绍洪,赵东升,等.内蒙古草地生长季植被变化对气候因子的响应[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(5):754-764.Zhang Q Y,Wu S H,Zhao D S,et al.Responses of growing season vegetation changes to climatic factors in Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(5):754-764.
[5]邵艳莹,吴秀芹,张宇清,等.内蒙古地区植被覆盖变化及其对水热条件的响应[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(4):33--42.Shao Y Y,Wu X Q,Zhang Y Q,et al.Response of vegetation coverage to hydro-thermal change in Inner Mongolia of northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(4):33-42.
[6]王鸽,韩琳,张昱.东北地区地表NDVI的时空变化规律[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(6):86--91.Wang G,Han L,Zhang Y.Temporal variation and spatial distribution of NDVI in northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(6):86--91.
[7]王永财,孙艳玲,王中良.1998-2011年海河流域植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):594-602.Wang Y C,Sun Y L,Wang Z L.Spatial-temporal change in vegetation cover and climate factor drivers of variation in the Haihe River Basin 1998-2011[J].Resources Science,2014,36(3):594-602.
[8]罗敏,古丽·加帕尔,郭浩,等.2000-2013年塔里木河流域生长季NDVI时空变化特征及其影响因素分析[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(1):50--63.Luo M,Jiapaer G,Guo H,et al.Spatial-temporal variation of growing-season NDVI and its responses to hydrothermal condition in the Tarim River Basin from 2000 to 2013[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(1):50--63.
[9]刘斌,孙艳玲,王中良,等.华北地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因子的相对作用分析[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(1):12-23.Liu B,Sun Y L,Wang Z L,et al.Analysis of the vegetation cover change and the relative role of its influencing factors in north China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2015,30(1):12-23.
[10]孟丹,李小娟,宫辉力,等.京津冀地区NDVI变化及气候因子驱动分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(8):1001-1007.Meng D,Li X J,Gong H L,et al.Analysis of spatial-temporal change of NDVI and its climatic driving factors in Beijing-TianjinHebei metropolis circle from 2001 to 2013[J].Journal of GeoInformation Science,2015,17(8):1001-1007.
[11]戴声佩,张勃,王海军.中国西北地区植被NDVI的时空变化及其影响因子分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(3):315--321.Dai S P,Zhang B,Wang H J.Spatio-temporal change of vegetation index NDVI in northwest China and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2010,12(3):315-321.
[12]李明泽,王雪,高元科,等.大兴安岭植被指数年际变化及影响因子分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(5):1-10.Li M Z,Wang X,Gao Y K,et al.Inter-annual variation in vegetation index and analysis of factors affecting it in Daxing’an Mountains[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2015,37(5):1-10.
[13]邓晨晖,白红英,高山,等.秦岭植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应[J].自然资源学报,2017,33(3):425-438.Deng C H,Bai H Y,Gao S,et al.Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation coverage in Qinling Mountain and its dual response to climate change and human activities[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,33(3):425--438.
[14]李辉霞,刘国华,傅伯杰.基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5495-5504.Liu H X,Liu G H,Fu B J.Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVI in the Three-River Headwaters Region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(19):5495--5504.
[15]穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等.2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2012,67(9):1255--1268.Mu S J,Li J L,Chen Y Z,et al.Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255--1268.
[16]彭飞,王涛,薛娴.基于RUE的人类活动对沙漠化地区植被影响研究:以科尔沁地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):896-902.Peng F,Wang T,Xue X.Study of human impact on vegetation in desertified regions based on rainfall use efficiency:a case of Horqin Region,Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(4):896--902.
[17]李辉霞,周红艺,魏兴琥.基于RUE和NDVI的人类活动对植被干扰强度分析:以桂西北为例[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):927--937.Li H X,Zhou H Y,Wei X H.Analysis of the impact of human disturbance on vegetation based on RUE and NDVI:a case study in Northwest Guangxi,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):927--937.
[18]李文洁.北京市对张家口市开展生态补偿研究[D].保定:河北大学,2010.Li W J.Study on ecological compensation of Beijing City in Zhangjiakou[D].Baoding:Hebei University,2010.
[19]康成福.张家口土地沙化成因分析及治理对策[J].河北林业,2007(4):22-23.Kang C F.Analysis on the causes of land desertification in Zhangjiakou and counter measures[J].Hebei Forestry,2007(4):22-23.
[20]马振刚.基于遥感技术的洋河流域土地覆被变化特征分析[D].长春:东北师范大学,2008.Ma Z G.The analysis of land cover change in Yang River Valley based on the remote sensing technique[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2008.
[21]Hutchinson M F.Interpolation of rainfall data with thin plate smoothing splines(Ⅰ):two dimensional smoothing of data with short range correlation[J].Geographic Information Decision Analysis,1998,2:153--167.
[22]Evans J,Geerken R.Discrimination between climate and humaninduced dryland degradation[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57(4):535--554.
[23]Geerken R,Ilaiwi M.Assessment of rangeland degradation and development of a strategy for rehabilitation[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90(4):490-504.
[24]郭伟伟.张家口地区植被覆盖度动态分析研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.Guo W W.Dynamic analysis of vegetation coverage in Zhangjiakou area[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012.