基于关键层控制的部分充填采煤技术
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摘要
建筑物(村庄)下压煤开采一直是困扰我国煤矿的重大技术难题。针对充填采煤技术面临的难点与挑战,结合煤系层状覆岩移动特点和控制要求研发了基于关键层控制的部分充填采煤技术。研究揭示了覆岩关键层对地表沉陷控制机理;建立了基于关键层控制的地表沉陷控制模型及部分充填采煤的设计方法;研发了采空区条带(墩柱)充填、冒落区嗣后充填和覆岩隔离注浆充填等部分充填采煤技术,已在淮北、淄博、阳泉、皖北等矿区10余对矿井的40余个工作面成功应用。部分充填采煤技术充分利用了覆岩结构的自承载能力,减少了充填工作量、降低了充填成本,是高效低成本的建筑物压煤充填开采技术。
Coal mining under buildings(villages) has been a major technical problem in China's coal mines. In the view of difficulties and challenges faced by the current technology of backfilling mining,a new partial backfilling technology of mining based on the key-strata control is developed in combination with the characteristics of strata movement and control requirements of coal measure strata. The mechanism of key strata controlling surface subsidence is revealed and a controlling model is developed. Meanwhile,the design method of partial backfilling is established.Some partial backfilling technologies in coal mining such as gob strip(columns) backfilling,subsequent backfilling of caved zone and overburden isolated grouting backfilling,have been developed and successfully applied at more than 40 longwall working faces of approximately 10 coal mines in Huaibei,Zibo,Yangquan,and Wanbei. The partial backfilling coal mining technology uses self-bearing capacity of overburden structure,reduces the backfilling labor intensity and backfilling cost,which is an efficient and low-cost technology.
Coal mining under buildings(villages) has been a major technical problem in China's coal mines. In the view of difficulties and challenges faced by the current technology of backfilling mining,a new partial backfilling technology of mining based on the key-strata control is developed in combination with the characteristics of strata movement and control requirements of coal measure strata. The mechanism of key strata controlling surface subsidence is revealed and a controlling model is developed. Meanwhile,the design method of partial backfilling is established.Some partial backfilling technologies in coal mining such as gob strip(columns) backfilling,subsequent backfilling of caved zone and overburden isolated grouting backfilling,have been developed and successfully applied at more than 40 longwall working faces of approximately 10 coal mines in Huaibei,Zibo,Yangquan,and Wanbei. The partial backfilling coal mining technology uses self-bearing capacity of overburden structure,reduces the backfilling labor intensity and backfilling cost,which is an efficient and low-cost technology.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,许家林,王家臣.再论煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):1-13.:QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,WANG Jiachen.Further on the sustainable mining of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):1-13.
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[8]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[9]朱卫兵,许家林,施喜书,等.覆岩主关键层运动对地表沉陷影响的钻孔原位测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):403-409.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,SHI Xishu,et al.Research on influence of overburden primary key stratum movement on surface subsidence with in-situ drilling test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):403-409.
[10]许家林,尤琪,朱卫兵,等.条带充填控制开采沉陷的理论研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):119-122.XU Jialin,YOU Qi,ZHU Weibing,et al.Theorectical study of stripfilling to control mining subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):119-122.
[11]ZHU Weibing,XU Jingmin,XU Jialin,et al.Pier-column backfill mining technology for controlling surface subsidence[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,96:58-65.
[12]ZHU Weibing,YU Shengchao,XUAN Dayang,et al.Experimental study on excavating strip coal pillars using caving zone backfill technology[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(18).DOI:10.1007/s12517-018-3914-7.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层采动裂隙分布在绿色开采中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):17-20.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Study and application of mining-induced fracture distribution in green mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):17-20.
[14]许家林,钱鸣高,金宏伟.岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):632-636.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,JIN Hongwei.Study and application of bed separation distribution and development in the process of strata movement[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):632-636.
[15]朱卫兵,许家林,赖文奇,等.覆岩离层分区隔离注浆充填减沉技术的理论研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(5):458-462.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,LAI Wenqi,et al.Research of isolated section-grouting technology for overburden bed separation space to reduce subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(5):458-462.
[16]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin.Grout injection into bed separation to control surface subsidence during longwall mining under villages:Case study of Liudian Coal Mine,China[J].Natural Hazards,2014,73(2):883-906.
[17]许家林,倪建明,轩大洋,等.覆岩隔离注浆充填不迁村采煤技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(12):8-11.XU Jialin,NI Jianming,XUAN Dayang,et al.Coal mining technology without village relocation by isolated grout injection into overburden[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(12):8-11.
[18]轩大洋.采动覆岩隔离注浆充填沉陷控制原理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[19]何昌春.采动覆岩隔离注浆充填对关键层支撑作用的力学模型研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[20]滕浩.覆岩隔离注浆充填压实区形成机制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.
[21]王秉龙.覆岩隔离注浆充填承载结构模型及应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2018.
[22]TENG Hao,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,et al.Surface subsidence characteristics of grout injection into overburden:Case study of Yuandian No.2 Coalmine,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):1-11.
[23]王超超,许家林,轩大洋.覆岩隔离注浆充填地面输浆管路堵塞机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(10):2703-2708.WANG Chaochao,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Blockage mechanism of ground transport pipeline for isolated overburden grout injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(10):2703-2708.
[24]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin.Longwall surface subsidence control by technology of isolated overburden grout injection[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(5):813-818.
[25]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin,WANG Binglong,et al.Investigation of fill distribution in post-injected longwall overburden with implications for grout take estimation[J].Engineering Geology,2016,206:71-82.
[26]张亮,许家林,轩大洋,等.覆岩隔离注浆充填浆体压缩特性实验与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1118-1123.ZHANG Liang,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,et al.Experimental and applied research on compression properties of slurry used for isolated overburden grout injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1118-1123.
[27]XUAN Dayang,WANG Binglong,XU Jialin.A shared borehole approach for coal-bed methane drainage and ground stabilization with grouting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,86:235-244.
[28]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin,WANG Binglong,et al.Borehole investigation of the effectiveness of grout injection technology on coal mine subsidence control[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(6):2435-2445.
[29]WANG Binglong,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Time function model of dynamic surface subsidence assessment of grout-injected overburden of a coal mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,104:1-8.
[30]张亮,许家林,轩大洋.覆岩隔离注浆充填浆体泌水特性试验研究[J].中国煤炭,2017,43(9):121-124.ZHANG Liang,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Experimental research on slurry bleeding properties of isolated grouting filling for overburden[J].China Coal,2017,43(9):121-124.
[2]许家林.煤矿绿色开采[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2011:300.
[3]许家林,轩大洋,朱卫兵.充填采煤技术现状与展望[J].采矿技术,2011,11(3):24-30.XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,ZHU Weibing.Present situation and prospect of backfill coal mining technology[J].Mining Technology,2011,11(3):24-30.
[4]许家林,赖文奇,钱鸣高.中国煤矿充填开采的发展前景与技术途径探讨[J].矿业研究与开发,2004(S1):18-21.XU Jialin,LAI Wenqi,QIAN Minggao.Discussion on development prospect and technical approach of backfilling mining in China coal mines[J].Mining Research and Development,2004(S1):18-21.
[5]轩大洋,许家林,朱卫兵.充填采煤减沉的适用性研究[J].中国煤炭,2012,38(5):44-48.XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing.Research on applicability of coal mining with backfilling[J].China Coal,2012,38(5):44-48.
[6]许家林,朱卫兵,李兴尚,等.控制煤矿开采沉陷的部分充填开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):6-11.XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing,LI Xingshang,et al.Study of the technology of partial-filling to control coal mining subsidence[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):6-11.
[7]许家林,轩大洋,朱卫兵,等.部分充填采煤技术的研究与实践[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1303-1312.XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,ZHU Weibing,et al.Study and application of coal mining with partial backfilling[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1303-1312.
[8]许家林,钱鸣高,朱卫兵.覆岩主关键层对地表下沉动态的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):787-791.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,ZHU Weibing.Study on influences of primary key stratum on surface dynamic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):787-791.
[9]朱卫兵,许家林,施喜书,等.覆岩主关键层运动对地表沉陷影响的钻孔原位测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):403-409.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,SHI Xishu,et al.Research on influence of overburden primary key stratum movement on surface subsidence with in-situ drilling test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):403-409.
[10]许家林,尤琪,朱卫兵,等.条带充填控制开采沉陷的理论研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):119-122.XU Jialin,YOU Qi,ZHU Weibing,et al.Theorectical study of stripfilling to control mining subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):119-122.
[11]ZHU Weibing,XU Jingmin,XU Jialin,et al.Pier-column backfill mining technology for controlling surface subsidence[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2017,96:58-65.
[12]ZHU Weibing,YU Shengchao,XUAN Dayang,et al.Experimental study on excavating strip coal pillars using caving zone backfill technology[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2018,11(18).DOI:10.1007/s12517-018-3914-7.
[13]许家林,钱鸣高.岩层采动裂隙分布在绿色开采中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):17-20.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao.Study and application of mining-induced fracture distribution in green mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):17-20.
[14]许家林,钱鸣高,金宏伟.岩层移动离层演化规律及其应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(5):632-636.XU Jialin,QIAN Minggao,JIN Hongwei.Study and application of bed separation distribution and development in the process of strata movement[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(5):632-636.
[15]朱卫兵,许家林,赖文奇,等.覆岩离层分区隔离注浆充填减沉技术的理论研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(5):458-462.ZHU Weibing,XU Jialin,LAI Wenqi,et al.Research of isolated section-grouting technology for overburden bed separation space to reduce subsidence[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(5):458-462.
[16]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin.Grout injection into bed separation to control surface subsidence during longwall mining under villages:Case study of Liudian Coal Mine,China[J].Natural Hazards,2014,73(2):883-906.
[17]许家林,倪建明,轩大洋,等.覆岩隔离注浆充填不迁村采煤技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(12):8-11.XU Jialin,NI Jianming,XUAN Dayang,et al.Coal mining technology without village relocation by isolated grout injection into overburden[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(12):8-11.
[18]轩大洋.采动覆岩隔离注浆充填沉陷控制原理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[19]何昌春.采动覆岩隔离注浆充填对关键层支撑作用的力学模型研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[20]滕浩.覆岩隔离注浆充填压实区形成机制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.
[21]王秉龙.覆岩隔离注浆充填承载结构模型及应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2018.
[22]TENG Hao,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,et al.Surface subsidence characteristics of grout injection into overburden:Case study of Yuandian No.2 Coalmine,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(6):1-11.
[23]王超超,许家林,轩大洋.覆岩隔离注浆充填地面输浆管路堵塞机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(10):2703-2708.WANG Chaochao,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Blockage mechanism of ground transport pipeline for isolated overburden grout injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(10):2703-2708.
[24]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin.Longwall surface subsidence control by technology of isolated overburden grout injection[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(5):813-818.
[25]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin,WANG Binglong,et al.Investigation of fill distribution in post-injected longwall overburden with implications for grout take estimation[J].Engineering Geology,2016,206:71-82.
[26]张亮,许家林,轩大洋,等.覆岩隔离注浆充填浆体压缩特性实验与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(5):1118-1123.ZHANG Liang,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang,et al.Experimental and applied research on compression properties of slurry used for isolated overburden grout injection[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(5):1118-1123.
[27]XUAN Dayang,WANG Binglong,XU Jialin.A shared borehole approach for coal-bed methane drainage and ground stabilization with grouting[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2016,86:235-244.
[28]XUAN Dayang,XU Jialin,WANG Binglong,et al.Borehole investigation of the effectiveness of grout injection technology on coal mine subsidence control[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(6):2435-2445.
[29]WANG Binglong,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Time function model of dynamic surface subsidence assessment of grout-injected overburden of a coal mine[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2018,104:1-8.
[30]张亮,许家林,轩大洋.覆岩隔离注浆充填浆体泌水特性试验研究[J].中国煤炭,2017,43(9):121-124.ZHANG Liang,XU Jialin,XUAN Dayang.Experimental research on slurry bleeding properties of isolated grouting filling for overburden[J].China Coal,2017,43(9):121-124.
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