不同生物质炭对土壤中有效态汞的影响及其吸附特征分析
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摘要
在汞污染土壤中添加不同种类型生物质炭,研究生物质炭对土壤中有效态汞含量的影响.并通过生物炭对汞离子的吸附动力学模型、等温吸附拟合和吸附前后红外光谱图的变化,探讨不同生物质炭对土壤中汞的吸附行为和机理.实验结果表明,土壤中添加生物炭后,土壤中有效态汞含量显著降低,降低比例达到77.5%—87.1%;而通过生物炭吸附汞离子前后的红外光谱图分析可知,生物炭对汞的吸附主要是通过羟基、羧基和酰胺等含氧酸官能团等.此外,吸附动力学结果显示,生物炭对汞离子的吸附时间在150 min内就可以达到平衡.而准二级动力学方程结果表明,这种吸附是以化学吸附为主.
Five different types of biochar were applied to mercury contaminated soil to investigate their impacts on the available mercury in soil. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms of mercury ions on biochar and the change of Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra were also investigated in an attempt to understand the adsorption mechanisms of Hg by biochar. The results showed that the available mercury in soil decreased significantly and the ratio reached 77.5%—87.1% after addition of biochar in the soil. The difference of FTIR spectra of biochar before and after the adsorption indicated that hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amides group may be the major adsorptive sites for Hg(Ⅱ) on the surface of the biochar. In most cases, the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) by biochar reached balance within 150 mins and the adsorption was mainly through chemical adsorption, and it fits pseudo-second-order model.
Five different types of biochar were applied to mercury contaminated soil to investigate their impacts on the available mercury in soil. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms of mercury ions on biochar and the change of Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectra were also investigated in an attempt to understand the adsorption mechanisms of Hg by biochar. The results showed that the available mercury in soil decreased significantly and the ratio reached 77.5%—87.1% after addition of biochar in the soil. The difference of FTIR spectra of biochar before and after the adsorption indicated that hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amides group may be the major adsorptive sites for Hg(Ⅱ) on the surface of the biochar. In most cases, the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) by biochar reached balance within 150 mins and the adsorption was mainly through chemical adsorption, and it fits pseudo-second-order model.
引文
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[3] 任丽英,赵敏,董玉良,等.两种铁氧化物对土壤有效态汞的吸附作用研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34 (3)∶749-753.REN L Y,ZHAO M,DONG Y L,et al.Adsorption effect of two kinds of iron oxides on available Hg in soil[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):749-753 (in Chinese).
[4] 关连珠,周景景,张昀,等.不同来源生物炭对砷在土壤中吸附与解析的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24 (10):2941-2946.GUAN L Z ,ZHOU J J ,ZHANG Y ,et al.Effects of biochars produced from different sources on arsenic adsorption and desorption in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24 (10):2941-2946 (in Chinese).
[5] 孔丝纺,姚兴成,张江勇,等.生物质炭的特性及其应用的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(4):716-723.KONG S F,YAO X C ,ZHANG J Y,et al.Review of Characteristics of biochar and research progress of its applications[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(4):716-723 (in Chinese).
[6] ZHU L.Biochar of corn stover:Microwave-assisted pyrolysis condition groups and characteristics functional groups and characteristics [J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2015,115:149-156.
[7] ASLAM M,RAIS S,ALAM M et al.Adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution using Adulsa (Justicia adhatoda) leaves powder:Kinetic and equilibrium studies [J].Journal of Chemistry,2013,2013(2):295-316.
[8] SHU R,WANG Y J,ZHONG H.Biochar amendment reduced methylmercury accumulation in rice plants[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,313:1-8.
[9] 余亚伟,杨雨浛,张成等.施用污泥堆肥品对土壤和植物总汞及甲基汞的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38 (1)∶405-411.YU Y W,YANG Y H,ZHANG C,et al.Effect of sewage sludge compost products application on total mercury and methylmercury in soil and plants[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(1):405-411 (in Chinese).
[10] LI H.Mechanisms of metal sorption by biochars:Biochar characteristics and modifications[J].Chemosphere,2017,178(11):466-478.
[11] 王红,夏雯,卢平,等.生物炭对土壤中重金属铅和锌的吸附特性[J].环境科学,2017,38 (9)∶3944-3952.WANG H,XIA W,LU P,et al.Adsorption characteristics of biochar on heavy metals (Pb and Zn) in soil[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3944-3952 (in Chinese).
[12] 潘亚男,陈灿,王欣,等.凤眼莲源生物炭对土壤As、Hg、Cd溶出特性与化学形态的影响[J].环境科学学报,2017,37 (6)∶2342-2350.PAN Y N,CHEN C,WANG X,et al.Effects of water hyacinth biochar on the leaching characteristics and fractionations of As,Hg and Cd in a multi-metal contaminated soil[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(6):2342-2350 (in Chinese).
[13] 杜文慧,朱维琴,潘晓慧,等.牛粪源蚓粪及其生物炭对Pb2+、Cd2+的吸附特征[J].环境科学,2017,38 (5)∶2173-2181DU W H,ZHU W Q,PAN X H,et al.Adsorption of Pb2 + and Cd2 + from aqueous solution using vermicompost derived from cow manure and its biochar[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(5):2173-2181 (in Chinese).
[14] 张曼胤,李梦洁,崔丽娟,等.松花江上游夹皮沟金矿开采区芦苇叶片汞分布特征[J].环境科学,2018,39 (1)∶415-421.ZHANG M Y,LI M J,CUI L J,et al.Distribution characteristics of mercury in reed leaves from the Jiapigou Gold Mine in the Songhua River Upstream[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):415-421 (in Chinese).
[15] 张成,陈宏,王定勇,等.三峡库区消落带土壤汞形态分布与风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35 (3)∶1060-1067.ZHANG C,CHEN H,WANG D Y,et al.Distribution and risk assessment of mercury species in soil of the water-level-fluctuating zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1060-1067 (in Chinese).
[16] 王娅,赵铮,木志坚,等.三峡库区典型农田小流域土壤汞的空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36 (1)∶130-135.WANG Y,ZHAO Z,MU Z J,et al.Spatial distribution of mercury in soils of a typical small agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):130-135 (in Chinese).
[17] 解惠婷,张承中,徐峰,等.生活垃圾焚烧厂周边土壤汞污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2014,35 (4)∶1523-1530.XIE H T,ZHANG C Z,XU F,et al.Distribution and assessment of mercury in the ambient soil of a municipal solid waste incinerator[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(4):1523-1530 (in Chinese).
[18] 孟其义,钱晓莉,陈淼,等.稻田生态系统汞的生物地球化学研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(5):1556-573.MENG Q Y,QIAN X L,CHEN M,et al.Biogeochemical cycle of mercury in rice paddy ecosystem:A critical review[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(5):1556-1573(in Chinese).
[19] 周桂玉,窦森,刘世杰,等.生物质炭结构性质及其对土壤有效养分和腐殖质组成的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10)∶2075-2080.ZHOU G Y,DOU S,LIU S J,et al.The structural characteristics of biochar and its effects on soil available nutrients and humus composition[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(10):2075-2080 (in Chinese).
[20] 荆延德,何振立,杨肖娥.青紫泥-水稻作物系统中汞污染的微生物学效应[J].水土保持通报,2008,24(2)∶190-200.JING Y D,HE Z.L,YANG X E Microbial effects of mercury in purplish clayey soil (PCS)-Rice system[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,24(2):190-200 (in Chinese).
[21] 李仲根,冯新斌,何天容,等.王水水浴消解-冷原子荧光法测定土壤和沉积物中的总汞[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005,24(2)140-143.LI Z G,FENG X B,HE T R,et al.Determination of total mercury in soil and sediment by aquaregia digestion in the water bath coupled with cold vapor atom fluorescence spectrometry[J].Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2005,24(2):140-143 (in Chinese).
[22] ZHANG J,WANG M,WU S,et al.Land use affects soil organic carbon of paddy soils:Empirical evidence from 6280 years BP to present[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments.2016,16:767-776.
[23] 赵凌宇,王延华,杨浩,等.木屑和稻秆基生物质炭对汞的吸附特性比较[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34 (3)∶556-562.ZHAO L Y,WANG Y H,YANG H,et al.Adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ)by biochars produced from sawdust and rice straw[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(3):556-562 (in Chinese).
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