樟子松固沙林土壤肥力动态变化特征
|
摘要
樟子松是我国"三北"地区主要的固沙造林树种,探讨其生长过程中对风沙土肥力变化的影响具有现实意义。本文选取8年、15年、30年、36年、42年、49年和56年林龄的樟子松固沙林样地,采用常规分析方法测定了不同林龄下土壤养分含量和酶活性变化。结果表明:随林龄的增长,土壤全钾、全磷、全氮、有机质、速效钾、速效磷、速效氮含量均逐渐提高,并在42年后缓慢下降;土壤脱氢酶、过氧化物酶和磷酸酶活性同样随林龄的增长而增加。土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性变化的总体特征为42年>36年>30年>56年>8年>49年>15年。此外,随着土层深度的增加,樟子松固沙林土壤养分含量以及酶活性均下降。0～2 cm土层全磷、全氮、有机质、速效钾、速效磷、速效氮含量以及脱氢酶和磷酸酶活性均最高,分别为0.30 g·kg~(-1)、1.10 g·kg~(-1)、36.50 g·kg~(-1)、165.00 mg·kg~(-1)、0.80 mg·kg~(-1)、85.00 mg·kg~(-1)、7.04μg·h~(-1)·g~(-1)和0.59 mg·2 h~(-1)·100 g~(-1)。不同林龄以及不同土层的樟子松固沙林土壤养分以及酶活性差异明显,浅层土壤肥力更高,造林42年对沙区土壤的改良效果最佳。
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is the main sand-fixing afforestation tree species in the Three North region of China. It has practical significance to discuss the effects on fertility of sandy soil. Some sand-fixed forest plots of 8 a, 15 a, 30 a, 36 a, 42 a, 49 a and 56 a have been selected to determine the soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of different stand age. The results show that soil total potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus and available nitrogen have increased with the increase of stand age, and slowly decreased after 42 a. Soil dehydrogenase, peroxidase and phosphatase activities have increased with the increase of stand age. The changes of soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity are 42 a>36 a>30 a>56 a>8 a>49 a>15 a. Furthermore, with the increase of depth of soil, the values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity and phosphatase activity of 0-2 cm soil layer are the highest, with 0.30 g·kg~(-1), 1.10 g·kg~(-1), 36.50 g·kg~(-1), 165.00 mg·kg~(-1), 0.80 mg·kg~(-1), 85.00 mg·kg~(-1), 7.04 μg·h~(-1)·g~(-1) and 0.59 mg·2 h~(-1)·100 g~(-1) respectively. The soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest with different stand age and soil layers are significantly different, upper soil fertility is higher, and soil improvement can be the best after afforestation for 42 a.
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is the main sand-fixing afforestation tree species in the Three North region of China. It has practical significance to discuss the effects on fertility of sandy soil. Some sand-fixed forest plots of 8 a, 15 a, 30 a, 36 a, 42 a, 49 a and 56 a have been selected to determine the soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of different stand age. The results show that soil total potassium, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus and available nitrogen have increased with the increase of stand age, and slowly decreased after 42 a. Soil dehydrogenase, peroxidase and phosphatase activities have increased with the increase of stand age. The changes of soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity are 42 a>36 a>30 a>56 a>8 a>49 a>15 a. Furthermore, with the increase of depth of soil, the values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, dehydrogenase activity and phosphatase activity of 0-2 cm soil layer are the highest, with 0.30 g·kg~(-1), 1.10 g·kg~(-1), 36.50 g·kg~(-1), 165.00 mg·kg~(-1), 0.80 mg·kg~(-1), 85.00 mg·kg~(-1), 7.04 μg·h~(-1)·g~(-1) and 0.59 mg·2 h~(-1)·100 g~(-1) respectively. The soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica sand-fixing forest with different stand age and soil layers are significantly different, upper soil fertility is higher, and soil improvement can be the best after afforestation for 42 a.
引文
[1] 白雪峰,王国晨,张日升,等.章古台沙地樟子松人工林土壤水分动态研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2004,(2):11-13.
[2] 陈伏生,曾德慧,范志平,等.章古台沙地樟子松人工林土壤有效氮的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(3):6-11.
[3] 康宏樟,朱教君,许美玲.沙地樟子松人工林营林技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):799-806.
[4] 宋晓东.章古台沙地樟子松人工林衰退机理与营林措施控制技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2005.
[5] 赵晓彬,刘光哲.沙地樟子松引种栽培及造林技术研究综述[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(5):86-89.
[6] 黄刚,赵学勇,苏延桂,等.科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林对微环境改良效果的评价[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):212-218.
[7] 李陆平,廖超英,李晓明,等.毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林土壤微生物数量变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):157-160.
[8] 张柏习,韩辉,张学利,等.沙地樟子松人工林矿质营养循环的初步研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2014,(4):16-19.
[9] 任凤伟,张日升,王敏.章古台地区沙地樟子松人工林土壤中磷素研究进展[J].防护林科技,2016,(2):78-79.
[10] 章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.164-169.
[11] 刘捷豹,陈光水,郭剑芬,等.森林土壤酶对环境变化的响应研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):110-117.
[12] 葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.三峡库区不同林龄马尾松土壤养分与酶活性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):445-451.
[13] 吉鹏飞,耿增超.西安浐灞生态区绿地土壤养分及酶活性特征[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):57-62.
[14] 赵燕娜,廖超英,李晓明,等.毛乌素沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤酶活性变化特征[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):1-5.
[15] 宫欢欢,尤一泓,林勇明,等.不同林龄木麻黄纯林土壤酶活性与土壤养分研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(3):516-524.
[16] 裴丙,朱龙飞,冯志培,等.太行山南麓5个林龄侧柏人工林土壤酶活性季节变化[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):170-175.
[17] 赵海燕,徐福利,王渭玲,等.秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1086-1094.
[18] 孙双红,陈立新,李少博,等.阔叶红松林不同演替阶段土壤酶活性与养分特征及其相关性[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):20-28.
[19] Mckinley D C,Norris M D,Blair J M,et al.Altered ecosystem processes as a consequence of Juniperus virginiana L.encroachment into north American tallgrass prairie [M].Western North American Juniperus Communities:Springer New York,2008.170-187.
[20] 董云峰,颜景红,李红丹,等.章古台沙地樟子松人工林病虫害的防治[J].防护林科技,2011,(6):89-91.
[21] 郝中明,曾青,明乐,等.广西地区不同林龄的马尾松及其混交林土壤N素研究[J].林业科技,2018,(5):21-25.
[22] Busse M D,Cochran P H,Barrett J W.Changes in ponderosa pine site productivity following removal of understory vegetation [J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1996,60(6):1614-1621.
[23] 张雨洁,王斌,李正才,等.不同林龄香榧土壤有机碳特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(8):1517-1525.
[24] 王春燕,燕霞,顾梦鹤.黄土高原弃耕地植被演替及其对土壤养分动态的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(11):26-35.
[25] 秦永建,牛庆霖,贾波,等.滨海盐碱地刺槐林土壤水盐、酶及养分动态[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):13-17.
[26] 寇欣,刘华民,王奇,等.锡林河中游放牧的和被围封的湿草甸土壤理化性质研究[J].湿地科学,2018,16(5):626-634.
[27] Boyrahmadi M,Raiesi F.Plant roots and species moderate the salinity effect on microbial respiration,biomass,and enzyme activities in a sandy clay soil [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2018,54(4):1-13.
[28] 张志铭,赵河,杨建涛,等.太行山南麓山区不同植被恢复类型土壤理化和细根结构特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):1-8.
[29] Vithanage M,Bandara T,Aiwabel M I,et al.Soil enzyme activities in waste biochar amended multi-metal contaminated soil;effect of different pyrolysis temperatures and application rates [J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,2018,49(5):635-643.
[30] Angelovicova L,Bobulska L,Fazekasova D.Toxicity of heavy metals to soil biological and chemical properties in conditions of environmentally polluted area middle Spis (Slovakia) [J].Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences,2015,10:193-201.
[31] Nannipieri P,Giagnoni L,Renella G,et al.Soil enzymology:classical and molecular approaches [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2012,48(7):743-762.
[32] Garcia C,Roldan A,Hernandez T.Ability of different plant species to promote microbiological processes in semiarid soil [J].Geoderma,2005,124(1):193-202.
[33] Herbein S A,Neal J L.Phosphatase activity in arctic tundra soils disturbed by vehicles [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1990,22(6):853-858.
[34] 孙颖,赵晓会,和文祥,等.绿肥对土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(3):115-119.
[35] 陈家模.四种人工固沙植物群落对土壤养分及生物活性的改良作用[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.
[36] 姜惠武,熊跃军.长白山保护区森林土壤的酶活性[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2011,(4):17-18.
[2] 陈伏生,曾德慧,范志平,等.章古台沙地樟子松人工林土壤有效氮的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(3):6-11.
[3] 康宏樟,朱教君,许美玲.沙地樟子松人工林营林技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(7):799-806.
[4] 宋晓东.章古台沙地樟子松人工林衰退机理与营林措施控制技术研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2005.
[5] 赵晓彬,刘光哲.沙地樟子松引种栽培及造林技术研究综述[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(5):86-89.
[6] 黄刚,赵学勇,苏延桂,等.科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林对微环境改良效果的评价[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):212-218.
[7] 李陆平,廖超英,李晓明,等.毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林土壤微生物数量变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):157-160.
[8] 张柏习,韩辉,张学利,等.沙地樟子松人工林矿质营养循环的初步研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2014,(4):16-19.
[9] 任凤伟,张日升,王敏.章古台地区沙地樟子松人工林土壤中磷素研究进展[J].防护林科技,2016,(2):78-79.
[10] 章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.164-169.
[11] 刘捷豹,陈光水,郭剑芬,等.森林土壤酶对环境变化的响应研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):110-117.
[12] 葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.三峡库区不同林龄马尾松土壤养分与酶活性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):445-451.
[13] 吉鹏飞,耿增超.西安浐灞生态区绿地土壤养分及酶活性特征[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):57-62.
[14] 赵燕娜,廖超英,李晓明,等.毛乌素沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤酶活性变化特征[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(2):1-5.
[15] 宫欢欢,尤一泓,林勇明,等.不同林龄木麻黄纯林土壤酶活性与土壤养分研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(3):516-524.
[16] 裴丙,朱龙飞,冯志培,等.太行山南麓5个林龄侧柏人工林土壤酶活性季节变化[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):170-175.
[17] 赵海燕,徐福利,王渭玲,等.秦岭地区华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分和酶活性变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1086-1094.
[18] 孙双红,陈立新,李少博,等.阔叶红松林不同演替阶段土壤酶活性与养分特征及其相关性[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(2):20-28.
[19] Mckinley D C,Norris M D,Blair J M,et al.Altered ecosystem processes as a consequence of Juniperus virginiana L.encroachment into north American tallgrass prairie [M].Western North American Juniperus Communities:Springer New York,2008.170-187.
[20] 董云峰,颜景红,李红丹,等.章古台沙地樟子松人工林病虫害的防治[J].防护林科技,2011,(6):89-91.
[21] 郝中明,曾青,明乐,等.广西地区不同林龄的马尾松及其混交林土壤N素研究[J].林业科技,2018,(5):21-25.
[22] Busse M D,Cochran P H,Barrett J W.Changes in ponderosa pine site productivity following removal of understory vegetation [J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1996,60(6):1614-1621.
[23] 张雨洁,王斌,李正才,等.不同林龄香榧土壤有机碳特征及其与土壤养分的关系[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(8):1517-1525.
[24] 王春燕,燕霞,顾梦鹤.黄土高原弃耕地植被演替及其对土壤养分动态的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(11):26-35.
[25] 秦永建,牛庆霖,贾波,等.滨海盐碱地刺槐林土壤水盐、酶及养分动态[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):13-17.
[26] 寇欣,刘华民,王奇,等.锡林河中游放牧的和被围封的湿草甸土壤理化性质研究[J].湿地科学,2018,16(5):626-634.
[27] Boyrahmadi M,Raiesi F.Plant roots and species moderate the salinity effect on microbial respiration,biomass,and enzyme activities in a sandy clay soil [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2018,54(4):1-13.
[28] 张志铭,赵河,杨建涛,等.太行山南麓山区不同植被恢复类型土壤理化和细根结构特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):1-8.
[29] Vithanage M,Bandara T,Aiwabel M I,et al.Soil enzyme activities in waste biochar amended multi-metal contaminated soil;effect of different pyrolysis temperatures and application rates [J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,2018,49(5):635-643.
[30] Angelovicova L,Bobulska L,Fazekasova D.Toxicity of heavy metals to soil biological and chemical properties in conditions of environmentally polluted area middle Spis (Slovakia) [J].Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences,2015,10:193-201.
[31] Nannipieri P,Giagnoni L,Renella G,et al.Soil enzymology:classical and molecular approaches [J].Biology & Fertility of Soils,2012,48(7):743-762.
[32] Garcia C,Roldan A,Hernandez T.Ability of different plant species to promote microbiological processes in semiarid soil [J].Geoderma,2005,124(1):193-202.
[33] Herbein S A,Neal J L.Phosphatase activity in arctic tundra soils disturbed by vehicles [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1990,22(6):853-858.
[34] 孙颖,赵晓会,和文祥,等.绿肥对土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(3):115-119.
[35] 陈家模.四种人工固沙植物群落对土壤养分及生物活性的改良作用[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.
[36] 姜惠武,熊跃军.长白山保护区森林土壤的酶活性[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2011,(4):17-18.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |