滇池流域森林生态系统固碳释氧服务价值评估
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摘要
森林是地球上最重要的多功能生态系统,它不仅为人类社会提供多样的实物产品,同时也蕴藏着巨大的生态价值,其中固碳释氧价值更是地球生命支持的基础.研究根据2008年完成的滇池流域森林资源调查数据,采用材积源生物量法以及碳税法和造氧成本法,计算出森林生态系统固碳释氧服务价值.结果表明,滇池流域森林生态系统固碳释氧服务价值为331.576×10~7元/a,其中固碳服务价值为188.452×10~7元/a,释氧服务价值为143.124×10~7元/a.滇池流域目前所有植被种类中云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)的固碳释氧服务价值是最高的,达到39.649×10~7元/a.单位面积竹林(Bambusoideae)的固碳释氧能力最强,每年每公顷竹林固碳释氧服务价值是50 409.519元,目前滇池流域内竹林面积很小,增加竹林种植面积可以作为未来森林改建计划,进一步提高森林生态系统固碳释氧服务价值.
Forests are the most important multi-functional ecosystems on earth which not only provides various physical products for human society, but also contains tremendous ecological value. To calculate the ecosystem service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release in the forest of Dianchi Lake Basin, the volumederived biomass method, carbon tax method and oxygen production cost method were applied based on the forest resources survey data of Dianchi Lake Basin in 2008. The results showed that the ecosystem service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release was 331.576×10~7 Yuan per year, of which the service value of carbon fixation was 188.452×10~7 Yuan per year and the service value of oxygen release was 143.124×10~7 Yuan per year. Pinus yunnanensis had the highest service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release among all the vegetation types in Dianchi Lake Basin, which was 39.649×10~7 Yuan per year. And Bambusoideae had the strongest ability of carbon fixation and oxygen release in per unit area, with service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release being50 409.519 yuan per hectare per year. At present, the area of Bambusoideae in Dian Lake Basin is very small.Increasing Bambusoideae planting area can be used as a forest reconstruction plan and to improve the service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release in forest ecosystem in the future.
Forests are the most important multi-functional ecosystems on earth which not only provides various physical products for human society, but also contains tremendous ecological value. To calculate the ecosystem service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release in the forest of Dianchi Lake Basin, the volumederived biomass method, carbon tax method and oxygen production cost method were applied based on the forest resources survey data of Dianchi Lake Basin in 2008. The results showed that the ecosystem service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release was 331.576×10~7 Yuan per year, of which the service value of carbon fixation was 188.452×10~7 Yuan per year and the service value of oxygen release was 143.124×10~7 Yuan per year. Pinus yunnanensis had the highest service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release among all the vegetation types in Dianchi Lake Basin, which was 39.649×10~7 Yuan per year. And Bambusoideae had the strongest ability of carbon fixation and oxygen release in per unit area, with service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release being50 409.519 yuan per hectare per year. At present, the area of Bambusoideae in Dian Lake Basin is very small.Increasing Bambusoideae planting area can be used as a forest reconstruction plan and to improve the service value of carbon fixation and oxygen release in forest ecosystem in the future.
引文
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[14]温庆忠,魏雪峰,孔德昌,等.滇池流域森林生态系统生态服务功能价值评估[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(3):365-372.Wen Q Z,Wei X F,Kong D C,et al.An evaluation on the ecological service function value of the forest ecosystem in Dianchi Watershed[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2010,32(3):365-372.
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[17]卢妮妮,王新杰,凌武,等.基于森林资源一类清查数据的中国森林碳贮量估算[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(11):110-114.Lu N N,Wang X J,Lin W,et al.Estimation of forest carbon storage in China based on data of National Inventory of Forest Resources[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2015,35(11):110-114.
[18]唐致尧,乔秀娟,方精云.生物群落的种-面积关系[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):549-559.Tang Z Y,Qiao X J,Fang J Y.Species-area relationship in biological communities[J].Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):549-559.
[19]曾立雄,王鹏程,肖文发,等.三峡库区植被生物量和生产力的估算及分布格局[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 808-3 816.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.08.037.Zeng L X,Wang P C,Xiao W F,et al.Estimating vegetation biomass and productivity and their distribution patterns in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3 808-3 816.
[20]宋林,许万才,谢涛,等.贵州省退耕还林工程生态服务功能价值评估[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8 218-8 220.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.24.051.Song L,Xu W C,Xie T,et al.An assessment on ecosystem services value of Cropland to Forest Project in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(24):8 218-8 220.
[21]Tripathi S K,Singh K P,Singh P K.Temporal changes in spatial pattern of fine‐root mass and nutrient concentrations in Indian bamboo savanna[J].Applied Vegetation Science,1999,2(2):229-238.DOI:10.2307/1478986.
[2]欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(5):607-613.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1999.05.004.Ouyang Z Y,Wang X K,Miao H.A primary study on Chinese terrestrial ecosystem services and their ecological-economic value[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(5):607-613.
[3]余新晓,鲁绍伟,靳芳,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].生态学报,2005,25(8):2 096-2 102.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2005.08.038.Xu X X,Lu S W,Jin F,et al.An assessment on the forest ecosystem services value in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(8):2 096-2 102.
[4]张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(4):966-975.Zhang Y M,Hu C S,Zhang J B,et al.Research advances on source/sink intensities and greenhouse effects of CO2,CH4 and N2O in agricultural soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(4):966-975.
[5]王兴昌,王传宽.森林生态系统碳循环的基本概念和野外测定方法评述[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4 241-4 256.Wang X C,Wang C K.Fundamental concepts and field measurement methods of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems:a review[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(13):4 241-4 256.
[6]Costanza R,d'Arge R,de Groot R,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Ecological Economics,1997,387(1):3-15.
[7]张志旭,牛树奎,郭泉水,等.雾灵山森林生态系统固碳释氧服务功能价值评估[J].广东农业科学,2012,18:175-179.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-874X.2012.21.056.Zhang Z X,Niu S K,Guo Q S,et al.An assessment on forest ecosystem services value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release in Wuling Mountain[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,18:175-179.
[8]靳芳,鲁绍伟,余新晓,等.中国森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评价[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(8):1 531-1 536.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2005.08.029.Jin F,Lu S W,Yu X X,et al.An assessment on forest ecosystem service function and its value in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(8):1 531-1 536.
[9]冯继广,丁陆彬,王景升,等.基于案例的中国森林生态系统服务功能评价[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1 375-1 382.Feng J G,Ding L B,Wang J S,et al.Case-based evaluation of forest ecosystem service function in China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1 375-1 382.
[10]潘珉,高路.滇池流域社会经济发展对滇池水质变化的影响[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(6):117-122.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2010.06.023.Pan M,Gao L.The influence of socio-economic development on water quality in Dianchi Lake Basin[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(6):117-122.
[11]段昌群,王焕校.滇池的区域生态经济容量特点和昆明城市功能关系[J].城市环境与城市生态,1992(3):16-20.Duan C Q,Wang H X.Relationship between the characteristics of eco-economical capacity for the region of Dianchi Lake and the urban functions in Kunming[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,1992(3):16-20.
[12]Brown S,Lugo A E.Biomass of tropical forests:a new estimate based on forest volumes[J].Science,1984,223 (4642):1 290-1 293.DOI:10.1126/science.223.4642.1290.
[13]方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.我国森林植被的生物量和净生产量[J].生态学报,1996,16(5):497-508.Fang J Y,Liu G H,Xu C L.Biomass and net production of forest vegetation in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,16(5):497-508.
[14]温庆忠,魏雪峰,孔德昌,等.滇池流域森林生态系统生态服务功能价值评估[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(3):365-372.Wen Q Z,Wei X F,Kong D C,et al.An evaluation on the ecological service function value of the forest ecosystem in Dianchi Watershed[J].Journal of Yunnan University:Natural Sciences Edition,2010,32(3):365-372.
[15]国家林业局.森林生态系统服务功能评估规范(LT/T1721-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.State Forestry Administration.Criteria for evaluation of forest ecosystem services(LT/T1721-2008)[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2008.
[16]袁春明,郎南军,孟广涛,等.头塘山地圣诞树人工防护林群落的结构特征与生物生产力[J].云南林业科技,1998(2):25-28.Yuan C M,Lang N J,Meng G T,et al.Community structure characteristics and biological productivity of man-made acacia dealbata protective forest in Toutang Mountain Area[J].Yunnan Forestry Science and Technology,1998(2):25-28.
[17]卢妮妮,王新杰,凌武,等.基于森林资源一类清查数据的中国森林碳贮量估算[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(11):110-114.Lu N N,Wang X J,Lin W,et al.Estimation of forest carbon storage in China based on data of National Inventory of Forest Resources[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2015,35(11):110-114.
[18]唐致尧,乔秀娟,方精云.生物群落的种-面积关系[J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):549-559.Tang Z Y,Qiao X J,Fang J Y.Species-area relationship in biological communities[J].Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):549-559.
[19]曾立雄,王鹏程,肖文发,等.三峡库区植被生物量和生产力的估算及分布格局[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 808-3 816.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.08.037.Zeng L X,Wang P C,Xiao W F,et al.Estimating vegetation biomass and productivity and their distribution patterns in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3 808-3 816.
[20]宋林,许万才,谢涛,等.贵州省退耕还林工程生态服务功能价值评估[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8 218-8 220.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2014.24.051.Song L,Xu W C,Xie T,et al.An assessment on ecosystem services value of Cropland to Forest Project in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(24):8 218-8 220.
[21]Tripathi S K,Singh K P,Singh P K.Temporal changes in spatial pattern of fine‐root mass and nutrient concentrations in Indian bamboo savanna[J].Applied Vegetation Science,1999,2(2):229-238.DOI:10.2307/1478986.
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