栽培模式对晋杂34产量及氮素吸收利用的调控效应
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摘要
为确定适宜机械化栽培的高粱新品种晋杂34的最佳栽培模式,采用大田定位试验,于2014年研究了50 cm等行距种植时不同密度12. 0,13. 5,15. 0,16. 5,18. 0,19. 5万株/hm~2对晋杂34生长和产量的影响,于2015年研究了9种栽培模式(行距为等行距(50,60 cm)和宽窄行(30 cm+70 cm),不同行距下分别设12. 0,15. 0,18. 0万株/hm~2)对晋杂34产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,密度增加明显降低了高粱茎粗和单株叶面积,增加了叶面积指数;行距显著影响株高和生物量,60 cm等行距的生物量较高,为10. 12～11. 25 t/hm~2。密度增加显著降低单穗籽粒质量,以12. 0万株/hm~2时最高,2014年高达81. 20 g,2015年为65. 38～73. 04 g;行距显著影响了千粒质量,以60 cm等行距时最高;就籽粒产量而言,2014年雨量充沛,以18. 0万株/hm~2较高,而2015年干旱年份,以60 cm等行距密度为15. 0万株/hm~2最高,为10 721. 61 kg/hm~2。低密度促进了穗花前植株对氮素的吸收和累积,提高了营养器官氮素向籽粒中的转运;而行距调控了穗花后氮素的吸收,60 cm等行距时具有较高的氮素吸收量。相关分析结果表明,穗花后的氮素累积量与籽粒产量呈显著正相关;氮素运转率与产量呈显著负相关。综上,不同栽培模式通过调控高粱生长和氮素吸收影响籽粒产量,通过栽培模式促进穗花后氮素吸收,对提升籽粒产量具有重要的意义,60 cm等行距密度为15. 0万株/hm~2为晋杂34最适宜的栽培模式。
To determine the best cultivation mode of a new sorghum cultivar Jinza 34,field experiments were conducted. In 2014,the effects of different densities( 12. 0,13. 5,15. 0,16. 5,18. 0,19. 5 ten-thousand plants/ha)on growthand yield of Jinza 34 were studied in 50 cm row spacing. In 2015,the effects of 9 patterns of cultivation models on the yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied. Row space of 50 cm,60 cm and 30 cm +70 cm were set up,with different densities of 12. 0,15. 0,18. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha,respectively,under different row spacing. The results showed that with the increased of density,sorghum stem diameter and leaf area per plant decreased,and leaf area index increased. Row spacing significantly affected plant height and biomass,and biomass of 60 cm was higher than that of other row spacing. The biomass of 60 cm was 10. 12-11. 25 t/ha.The increase of density significantly reduced the grain weight of single spike. In 2014,the weight of single spike of12. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha was as high as 81. 20 g,and that of 12 ten-thousand of plants/ha in 2015 was65. 38-73. 04 g. Row spacing significantly affected 1 000-grain weight and reached maximum at 60 cm. In 2014,the grain yield of 18 ten-thousand of plants/ha was higher than that of other treatments. In the dry year of 2015,the grain yield of the 60 cm row spacing density of 15. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha was the highest,being10 721. 61 kg/ha. Low density promoted the uptake and accumulation of nitrogen before flowering stage,and increased the transfer of nitrogen to the grain from vegetative organs. Row spacing regulates nitrogen uptake after spike flowering,and 60 cm had relative high nitrogen uptake. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen accumulation and grain yield after spike flowering,and nitrogen transfer rate was negatively correlated for grain yield. In summary,different cultivation patterns affect grain yield by regulating sorghum growth and nitrogen absorption. It is very important to regulate the nitrogen uptake after panicle flowering stage through the cultivation mode. We find that 60 cm row spacing density of 15. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha is suitable cultivation mode for Jinza 34.
To determine the best cultivation mode of a new sorghum cultivar Jinza 34,field experiments were conducted. In 2014,the effects of different densities( 12. 0,13. 5,15. 0,16. 5,18. 0,19. 5 ten-thousand plants/ha)on growthand yield of Jinza 34 were studied in 50 cm row spacing. In 2015,the effects of 9 patterns of cultivation models on the yield,nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied. Row space of 50 cm,60 cm and 30 cm +70 cm were set up,with different densities of 12. 0,15. 0,18. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha,respectively,under different row spacing. The results showed that with the increased of density,sorghum stem diameter and leaf area per plant decreased,and leaf area index increased. Row spacing significantly affected plant height and biomass,and biomass of 60 cm was higher than that of other row spacing. The biomass of 60 cm was 10. 12-11. 25 t/ha.The increase of density significantly reduced the grain weight of single spike. In 2014,the weight of single spike of12. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha was as high as 81. 20 g,and that of 12 ten-thousand of plants/ha in 2015 was65. 38-73. 04 g. Row spacing significantly affected 1 000-grain weight and reached maximum at 60 cm. In 2014,the grain yield of 18 ten-thousand of plants/ha was higher than that of other treatments. In the dry year of 2015,the grain yield of the 60 cm row spacing density of 15. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha was the highest,being10 721. 61 kg/ha. Low density promoted the uptake and accumulation of nitrogen before flowering stage,and increased the transfer of nitrogen to the grain from vegetative organs. Row spacing regulates nitrogen uptake after spike flowering,and 60 cm had relative high nitrogen uptake. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen accumulation and grain yield after spike flowering,and nitrogen transfer rate was negatively correlated for grain yield. In summary,different cultivation patterns affect grain yield by regulating sorghum growth and nitrogen absorption. It is very important to regulate the nitrogen uptake after panicle flowering stage through the cultivation mode. We find that 60 cm row spacing density of 15. 0 ten-thousand of plants/ha is suitable cultivation mode for Jinza 34.
引文
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[3]王鑫,李志强,谷卫彬,石雷,唐宇丹,高辉远,赵世杰,姜闯道.盐胁迫下高粱新生叶片结构和光合特性的系统调控[J].作物学报,2010,36(11):1941-1949. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1006. 2010. 01941.Wang X,Li Z Q,Gu W B,Shi L,Tang Y D,Gao H Y,Zhao S J,Jiang C D. Systemic regulation of anatomicstructure and photosynthetic characteristicsof developingleaves in sorghum seedlings under salt stress[J]. ActaAgronomica Sinica,2010,36(11):1941-1949. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1006. 2010. 01941.
[4] Prasad P,Boote K J,Allen J. Adverse high temperatureeffects on pollen viability,seed-set,seed yield and har-vest index of grain-sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide dueto higher tissue temperatures[J]. Agricultural and ForestMeteorology,2006,139(3/4):237-251. doi:10. 1016/j. agrformet. 2006. 07. 003.
[5] Rizal G,Karki S,Alcasid M,Montecillo F,Acebron K,Larazo N,Garcia R A,Quick W P. Shortening the breed-ing cycle of sorghum,a model crop for research[J]. CropScience,2014,54(2):520-529. doi:10. 2135/crops-ci2013. 07. 0471.
[6]叶子飘,杨小龙,康华靖. C3和C4植物光能利用效率和水分利用效率的比较研究[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(11):1867-1873. doi:10. 3969/j. issn.1004-1524. 2016. 11. 10.Ye Z P,Yang X L,Kang H J. Comparison of light-useand water-use efficiency for C3and C4species[J]. ActaAgriculturae Zhejiangensis,2016,28(11):1867-1873.doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1004-1524. 2016. 11. 10.
[7]张福耀,平俊爱.高粱的根本出路在于机械化[J].农业技术与装备,2012,248(20):19-21.Zhang F Y,Ping J A. Mechanization is the fundamentalway out for sorghum[J]. Agricultural Technology&E-quipment,2012,248(20):19-21.
[8]卢峰,邹剑秋,朱凯,段有厚.积极应对高粱进口剧增,稳定我国高粱产业发展[J].农业经济,2015(11):124-125.Lu F,Zou J Q,Zhu K,Duan Y H. Actively respond tothe soaring import of sorghum and stabilize the develop-ment of sorghum industry in China[J]. Agricultural E-conomy,2015(11):124-125.
[9]李娜娜,李慧,裴艳婷,石玉华,田奇卓,谢连杰,王树亮,刘鑫,徐凤娇.行株距配置对不同穗型冬小麦品种光合特性及产量结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(14):2869-2878. doi:10. 3864/j. issn. 0578-1752. 2010. 14. 005.Li N N,Li H,Pei Y T,Shi Y H,Tian J Z,Xie L J,Wang S L,Liu X,Xu F J. Effects of allocations of Row-Spacing on photosynthetic characteristics and yield struc-ture of winter wheat cultivars with different spike types[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(14):2869-2878. doi:10. 3864/j. issn. 0578-1752. 2010. 14. 005.
[10]薛亚光,王康君,颜晓元,尹斌,刘立军,杨建昌.不同栽培模式对杂交粳稻常优3号产量及养分吸收利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(23):4781-4792. doi:10. 3864/j. issn. 0578-1752.2011. 23. 003.Xue Y G,Wang K J,Yan X Y,Yin B,Liu L J,YangJ C. Effects of different cultivation patterns on grainyield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency ofjaponica hybrid rice changyou 3[J]. Scientia Agricultu-ra Sinica,2011,44(23):4781-4792. doi:10. 3864/j.issn. 0578-1752. 2011. 23. 003.
[11]苌建峰,董朋飞,张海红,张竞元,李潮海.行距配置方式对夏玉米氮素吸收利用及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):853-863. doi:10.13930/j. cnki. cjea. 151227.Chang J F,Dong P F,Zhang H H,Zhang J Y,Li C H.Effect of row spacing on nitrogen uptake,nitrogen utiliza-tion and yield of summer maize[J]. Chinese Journal ofEco-Agriculture,2016,24(7):853-863. doi:10.13930/j. cnki. cjea. 151227.
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