大气颗粒物相关心肺系统生物标志物的研究进展
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摘要
大气污染造成的健康损害已成为当前公共卫生领域研究的热点。流行病学和临床医学的研究发现大气颗粒物与心肺系统疾病的发病和死亡显著相关。目前主要观点认为其导致心肺疾病的主要途径是通过系统炎症反应和氧化应激反应,但发病机制和致病通路尚不明确,部分学者针对大气颗粒物相关心肺系统生物标志物的研究发现其可能在致病机制中发挥重要作用。本文将系统汇总目前报道的流行病学和毒理学相关生物标志物的研究结果,为筛选特异性强、敏感性高且能实现快速检验的生物标志物用于评价个体暴露水平和健康损害效应,以及探索其致病机制提供可以借鉴的依据。
Health effects caused by air pollution has become a serious public health concern.Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated that exposure to ambient PM contributes substantially to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed to be the major causal factors involved in mediating PM effects on cardiopulmonary health outcomes.However,the mechanism where by PM causes the health effects is not fully elucidated.Nowadays,biomarkers of cardiopulmonary system associated with ambient particulate matter exposure,which have been found in several epidemiological and toxicologic researches,may play an important role in the pathogenesis.In this review,we summarize this kind of biomarkers and discuss the challenges of selecting biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity.
Health effects caused by air pollution has become a serious public health concern.Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated that exposure to ambient PM contributes substantially to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed to be the major causal factors involved in mediating PM effects on cardiopulmonary health outcomes.However,the mechanism where by PM causes the health effects is not fully elucidated.Nowadays,biomarkers of cardiopulmonary system associated with ambient particulate matter exposure,which have been found in several epidemiological and toxicologic researches,may play an important role in the pathogenesis.In this review,we summarize this kind of biomarkers and discuss the challenges of selecting biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity.
引文
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[28] Peretz A,Kaufman JD,Trenga CA,et al.Effects of diesel exhaust inhalation on heart rate variability in human volunteers[J].Environmental Research,2008,107(2):178-184.
[29] Pope CA,3rd,Hansen ML,et al.Ambient particulate air pollution,heart rate variability,and blood markers of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2004,112(3):339-345.
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[31] Fuks K,Moebus S,Hertel S,et al.Long-Term urban particulate air pollution,traffic noise,and arterial blood pressure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(12):1706-1711.
[32] Wu S,Deng F,Huang J,et al.Blood pressure changes and chemical constituents of particulate air pollution:results from the healthy volunteer natural relocation(HVNR)study[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2013,121(1):66-72.
[33] Brook RD,Urch B,Dvonch JT,et al.Insights into the mechanisms and mediators of the effects of air pollution exposure on blood pressure and vascular function in healthy humans[J].Hypertension,2009,54(3):659-667.
[34] Gong H,Linn WS,Sioutas C,et al.Controlled exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient fine particles in Los Angeles[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2003,15(4):305-325.
[35] Ibald-Mulli A,Timonen KL,Peters A,et al.Effects of particulate air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate in subjects with cardiovascular disease:A multicenter approach[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2004,112(3):369-377.
[36] Madsen C,Nafstad P,Associations between environmental exposure and blood pressure among participants in the Oslo Health Study(HUBRO)[J].European Journal of Epidemiology,2006,21(7):485-491.
[37] Cheng TJ,Hwang JS,Wang PY,et al.Effects of concentrated ambient particles on heart rate and blood pressure in pulmonary hypertensive rats[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,111(2):147-150.
[38] Elvidge T,Matthews IP,Gregory CA.Feasibility of using biomarkers in blood serum as markers of effect following exposure of the lungs to particulate matter air pollution[J].Journal of environmental science and health.Part C,Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews,2013,31(1):1-44.
[39] Bianchi F,Giannetto M,Careri M.Advances in molecular analysis of biomarkers for autoimmune and carcinogenic diseases[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2014,406(1):15-20.
[2] Donaldson K,Stone V,Seaton A,et al.Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system:potential mechanisms[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2001,109(Suppl 4):523-527.
[3] Yang G,Wang Y,Zeng Y,et al.Rapid health transition in China,1990-2010:findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J].Lancet,2013,381(9882):1987-2015.
[4] Yin P,He G,Fan M,et al.Particulate air pollution and mortality in 38 of China’s largest cities:time series analysis[J].BMJ(Clinical research ed.),2017,356:j667.
[5] Pun VC,Kazemiparkouhi F,Manjourides J,et al.Long-Term PM2.5 exposure and respiratory,cancer,and cardiovascular mortality in older US adults[J].American Journal of Epidemiology,2017,186(8):961-969.
[6] Ichiki T,Onozuka D,Kamouchi MA.An association between fine particulate matter(PM2.5)levels and emergency ambulance dispatches for cardiovascular diseases in Japan[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,2016,89(8):1329-1335.
[7] Huang W,Wang GF,Lu SE,et al.Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of healthy young adults to changes in air quality during the Beijing olympics[J].American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,2012,186(11):1150-1159.
[8] Lin W,Huang W,Zhu T,et al.Acute respiratory inflammation in children and black Carbon in ambient air before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(10):1507-1512.
[9] Gong JC,Zhu T,Kipen H,et al.Comparisons of ultrafine and fine particles in their associations with biomarkers reflecting physiological pathways[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48(9):5264-5273.
[10] Han Y,Zhu T,Guan T,et al,Association between size-segregated particles in ambient air and acute respiratory inflammation[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:412-419.
[11] Sarnat SE,Raysoni AU,Li W,et al.Air pollution and acute respiratory response in a panel of asthmatic children along the U.S.-Mexico border[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2012,120(3):437-444.
[12] Sin DD,Wu L,Man SF.The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortality:a population-based study and a systematic review of the literature[J].Chest,2005,127(6):1952-1959.
[13] Adam M,Schikowski T,Carsin AE,et al.Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure.ESCAPE:a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis[J].European Respiratory Journal,2015,45(1):38-50.
[14] Gehring U,Gruzieva O,Agius RM,et al.Air pollution exposure and lung function in children:the ESCAPE project[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2013,121(11/12):1357-1364.
[15] Huang J,Deng FR,Wu SW,et al.Acute effects on pulmonary function in young healthy adults exposed to traffic-related air pollution in semi-closed transport hub in Beijing[J].Environmental health and preventive medicine,2016,21(5):312-320.
[16] Brook RD,Rajagopalan S,Pope IC,et al.Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease an update to the scientific statement from the American heart association[J].Circulation,2010,121(21):2331-2378.
[17] Schwartz J.Air pollution and blood markers of cardiovascular risk[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2001:405-409.
[18] Rückerl R,Greven S,Ljungman P,et al.Air pollution and inflammation(interleukin-6,C-reactive protein,fibrinogen)in myocardial infarction survivors[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2007,115(7):1072-1080.
[19] Calderon-Garciduenas L,Villarreal-Calderon R,Henriquez-Roldan C,et al.Systemic inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,and activation in clinically healthy children exposed to air pollutants[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2008,20(5):499-506.
[20] Huttunen K,Siponen T,Salonen I,et al.Low-level exposure to ambient particulate matter is associated with systemic inflammation in ischemic heart disease patients[J].Environmental Research,2012,116:44-51.
[21] Delfino RJ,Staimer N,Tjoa T,et al.Air pollution exposures and circulating biomarkers of effect in a susceptible population:clues to potential causal component mixtures and mechanisms[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2009,117(8):1232-1238.
[22] Sullivan JH,Hubbard R,Liu SL,et al.A community study of the effect of particulate matter on blood measures of inflammation and thrombosis in an elderly population[J].Environmental Health,2007,6:3.
[23] Lanki T,Hampel R,Tiittanen P,et al.Air pollution from road traffic and systemic inflammation in adults:a Cross-Sectional analysis in the European ESCAPE project[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2015,123(8):785-791.
[24] 张辉,冯婧,梁婷,等.心率和心率变异性与心力衰竭及预后的相关性[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2014(3):274-278.
[25] 洪必莹,何森,陈晓平.心率变异性研究进展[J].华西医学,2013(4):614-618.
[26] Riediker M,Cascio WE,Griggs TR,et al.Particulate matter exposure in cars is associated with cardiovascular effects in healthy young men[J].American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,2004,169(8):934-940.
[27] Wheeler A,Zanobetti A,Gold DR,et al.The relationship between ambient air pollution and heart rate variability differs for individuals with heart and pulmonary disease[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2006,114(4):560-566.
[28] Peretz A,Kaufman JD,Trenga CA,et al.Effects of diesel exhaust inhalation on heart rate variability in human volunteers[J].Environmental Research,2008,107(2):178-184.
[29] Pope CA,3rd,Hansen ML,et al.Ambient particulate air pollution,heart rate variability,and blood markers of inflammation in a panel of elderly subjects[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2004,112(3):339-345.
[30] Wu S,Deng F,Niu J,et al.Exposures to PM2.5 components and heart rate variability in taxi drivers around the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games[J].The Science of Total Environment,2011,409(13):2478-2485.
[31] Fuks K,Moebus S,Hertel S,et al.Long-Term urban particulate air pollution,traffic noise,and arterial blood pressure[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2011,119(12):1706-1711.
[32] Wu S,Deng F,Huang J,et al.Blood pressure changes and chemical constituents of particulate air pollution:results from the healthy volunteer natural relocation(HVNR)study[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2013,121(1):66-72.
[33] Brook RD,Urch B,Dvonch JT,et al.Insights into the mechanisms and mediators of the effects of air pollution exposure on blood pressure and vascular function in healthy humans[J].Hypertension,2009,54(3):659-667.
[34] Gong H,Linn WS,Sioutas C,et al.Controlled exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient fine particles in Los Angeles[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2003,15(4):305-325.
[35] Ibald-Mulli A,Timonen KL,Peters A,et al.Effects of particulate air pollution on blood pressure and heart rate in subjects with cardiovascular disease:A multicenter approach[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2004,112(3):369-377.
[36] Madsen C,Nafstad P,Associations between environmental exposure and blood pressure among participants in the Oslo Health Study(HUBRO)[J].European Journal of Epidemiology,2006,21(7):485-491.
[37] Cheng TJ,Hwang JS,Wang PY,et al.Effects of concentrated ambient particles on heart rate and blood pressure in pulmonary hypertensive rats[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2003,111(2):147-150.
[38] Elvidge T,Matthews IP,Gregory CA.Feasibility of using biomarkers in blood serum as markers of effect following exposure of the lungs to particulate matter air pollution[J].Journal of environmental science and health.Part C,Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews,2013,31(1):1-44.
[39] Bianchi F,Giannetto M,Careri M.Advances in molecular analysis of biomarkers for autoimmune and carcinogenic diseases[J].Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2014,406(1):15-20.