粤北大宝山矿区次英安斑岩与铜多金属矿之间关系研究
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摘要
大宝山是粤北独具特色的铜多金属矿区,其矿床成因一直争议不休。本文在野外工作的基础上,通过对大宝山矿区次英安斑岩的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学、锆石微量和矿质迁移定量分析,认为大宝山矿区次英安斑岩是早侏罗世晚期(～175 Ma)沿逆冲推覆构造侵位的次火山岩,并捕获了大量志留纪岩浆锆石。铜多金属矿化具有斑岩型矿床特征,次英安斑岩与灰岩接触时外接触带形成的矽卡岩中赋存块状、层状、似层状矿体;与泥质、长英质岩石接触时,由于外接触带角岩的流体圈闭作用,在岩体内形成了细脉状铜多金属矿化和绢英岩化。大宝山和九曲岭次英安斑岩既是成矿母岩又是有利的赋矿围岩,铜多金属矿的成矿流体是次英安斑岩深部岩浆房晚期去气作用排出的含矿热液,其中富含SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、K_2O、Mo、W、Cu、Rb、Th、U、Bi、Tl、Cs、In、Cd、Be和挥发分等,具有强氧化(Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)平均值为8.55)、高交代参数(K~+/Na~+平均值为56.62)的特征,并于围岩交代过程中,萃取其中的TiO_2、FeO、MnO、CaO、Na_2O、P_2O_5、REE及Sc、Pb、Ba、Sr、Ni、Mn、Zr等。
The Dabaoshan is a unique Cu-polymetallic deposit and its genesis is still a matter of debate. On the basis of orefield geological survey, we studied the petrology, petrography, geochemistry, isotope chronology and zircon trace element characteristics of the porphyritic dacite, and estimated migration of the components during alteration. The results indicate that the porphyritic dacite in the Dabaoshan orefield intruded into a thrust nappe structure at the end of early Jurassic Period(about 175 Ma), and it captured lots of zircon grains from the Silurian magmatic rocks. The ores show features of typical porphyry deposit. The ore bodies are massive, stratiform, and strata-like in skarn, and veins in the porphyritic dacite. It is evident to infer that the Dabaoshan and Jiuquling porphyritic dacites are genetically related to the Cu-polymetallic mineralization. We further argue that the Cu-polymetallic deposit is of porphyry type, and the ore-bearing fluids are characterized by rich SiO_2, Fe_2O_3, K_2O, Mo, W, Cu, Rb, Th, U, Bi, Tl, Cs, In, Cd, Be and volatiles, and strongly oxidizing(Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)=8.55), moreover, the ore-bearing fluids may extract TiO_2, FeO, MnO, CaO, Na_2O, P_2O_5, REEs, Sc, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ni, Mn and Zr from the porphyritic dacite during the profound potash metasomatism.
The Dabaoshan is a unique Cu-polymetallic deposit and its genesis is still a matter of debate. On the basis of orefield geological survey, we studied the petrology, petrography, geochemistry, isotope chronology and zircon trace element characteristics of the porphyritic dacite, and estimated migration of the components during alteration. The results indicate that the porphyritic dacite in the Dabaoshan orefield intruded into a thrust nappe structure at the end of early Jurassic Period(about 175 Ma), and it captured lots of zircon grains from the Silurian magmatic rocks. The ores show features of typical porphyry deposit. The ore bodies are massive, stratiform, and strata-like in skarn, and veins in the porphyritic dacite. It is evident to infer that the Dabaoshan and Jiuquling porphyritic dacites are genetically related to the Cu-polymetallic mineralization. We further argue that the Cu-polymetallic deposit is of porphyry type, and the ore-bearing fluids are characterized by rich SiO_2, Fe_2O_3, K_2O, Mo, W, Cu, Rb, Th, U, Bi, Tl, Cs, In, Cd, Be and volatiles, and strongly oxidizing(Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)=8.55), moreover, the ore-bearing fluids may extract TiO_2, FeO, MnO, CaO, Na_2O, P_2O_5, REEs, Sc, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ni, Mn and Zr from the porphyritic dacite during the profound potash metasomatism.
引文
蔡锦辉,刘家齐.1993.粤北大宝山多金属矿区岩浆岩的成岩时代.广东地质,8(2):45-52.
陈毓川,陈郑辉,曾载淋,赵正,赵斌,王登红,张永忠,李建国,周新鹏,李江东.2013.南岭科学钻探第一孔选址研究.中国地质,40(3):659-670.
陈毓川,王登红,徐志刚,黄凡.2014.华南岩浆成矿作用与区域成矿规律概要.大地构造与成矿学,38(2):219-229.
戴塔根,尹学朗,张德贤.2015.广东大宝山多金属矿的成矿模式.中南大学学报(自然科学版),46(7):2693-2700.
傅晓明,张德贤,戴塔根,高剑峰.2018.不同成因类型矿化中黄铁矿微量元素地球化学记录--以广东省大宝山多金属矿床为例.大地构造与成矿学,42(3):505-519.
葛朝华,韩发.1986.大宝山铁?多金属矿床的海相火山热液沉积成因特征.矿床地质,5(1):1-12.
广东省地质矿产局705地质队.1961.大宝山多金属矿床地质勘探报告.北京:北京出版社:1-178.
黄书俊,曾永超,贾国相,陈远荣.1987.论广东大宝山多金属矿床的成因.地球化学,16(1):27-35.
刘姤群,杨世义,张秀兰,陈长江.1985.粤北大宝山多金属矿床成因的初步探讨.地质学报,59(1):47-60.
刘莎,王春龙,黄文婷,伍静,梁华英,高志辉,林锦富.2012.粤北大宝山斑岩钼钨矿床赋矿岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄与矿床形成动力学背景分析.大地构造与成矿学,36(3):440-449.
罗年华.1985.广东大宝山多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨.桂林冶金地质学院学报,5(2):183-195.
冷成彪,张兴春,王守旭,秦朝建,吴孔文,任涛.2009.岩浆?热液体系成矿流体演化及其金属元素气相迁移研究进展.地质论评,55(1):100-112.
毛景文,陈懋弘,袁顺达,郭春丽.2011.华南地区钦杭成矿带地质特征和矿床时空分布规律.地质学报,85(5):636-658.
毛伟,李晓峰,杨富初.2013.广东大宝山多金属矿床花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义.岩石学报,29(12):4104-4120.
潘会彬,康志强,付文春.2014.粤北大宝山矿区徐屋岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义.地质通报,33(6):894-899.
邱世强.1981.关于大宝山层状多金属矿床成因的初步探讨.地质论评,27(4):333-340.
瞿泓滢,陈懋弘,杨富初,高志辉,王要武,赵海杰,余长发.2014.粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代及其成因意义.岩石学报,30(1):152-162.
宋世明,胡凯,蒋少涌,李贶.2007.粤北大宝山多金属矿床成矿流体的He-Ar-Pb-S同位素示踪.地质找矿论丛,22(2):87-92,99.
汤吉方,刘家齐,傅太安,蔡锦辉,熊宝成,龚家财,裴太昌.1992.粤北大宝山及其外围地区多金属矿床成矿地质条件、构造控岩控矿规律及隐伏矿//南岭地质矿产文集(3).北京:地质出版社:1-67.
王登红,李建康,应立娟,陈郑辉,陈毓川.2007.对运用全位成矿与缺位找矿理念寻找铂族元素矿床的思考.全国成矿理论与找矿方法学术讨论会:460-462.
王磊,胡明安,屈文俊,陈开旭,龙文国,杨振.2012.粤北大宝山多金属矿床LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其地质意义.中国地质,39(1):29-42.
王磊,胡明安,杨振,夏金龙.2010.粤北大宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义.地球科学,35(2):175-185.
伍静,王广强,梁华英,黄文婷,林书平,邹银桥,孙卫东,王要武.2014.粤北大宝山矿区加里东期火山岩的厘定及其地质意义.岩石学报,30(4):1145-1154.
徐文炘,李蘅,陈民扬,黄德鑫,张富铁,汪礼明.2008.广东大宝山多金属矿床成矿物质来源同位素证据.地球学报,29(6):684-690.
杨振强.1997.大宝山块状硫化物矿床成因:泥盆纪海底热事件.华南地质与矿产,(1):7-17.
姚德贤.1983.大宝山--海底火山沉积多金属矿床.中国地质,10(7):18-21.
周敖日格勒,戴紧根,李亚林,张海龙.2017.东昆仑山脉晚志留世-早侏罗世花岗类岩石中锆石微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义.岩石学报,33(1):173-190.
周新民.2003.对华南花岗岩研究的若干思考.高校地质学报,9(4):556-565.
庄明正.1983.大宝山多金属矿田矿床类型及成矿作用探讨.地质与勘探,19(8):9-16.
Feiss P G.1978.Magmatic sources of copper in porphyry copper deposits.Economic Geology,73(3):397-404.
Grant J A.1986.The isocon diagram-a simple solution to gresens’equation for metasomatic alteration.Economic Geology,81(8):1976-1982.
Grimes C B,John B E,Kelemen P B,Mazdab F K,Wooden J L,Cheadle M J,Hangh?j K and Schwartz J J.2007.Trace element chemistry of zircons from oceanic crust:A method for distinguishing detrital zircon provenance.Geology,35(7):643-646.
Hoskin P W O and Schaltegger U.2003.The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,53(1):27-62.
Huang W T,Liang H Y Wu J,Zou Y Q and Zhang J.2017.Formation of porphyry Mo deposit in a deep fault zone,example from the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo deposit in northern Guangdong,South China.Ore Geology Reviews,81:940-952.
Li C Y,Zhang H,Wang F Y,Liu J Q,Sun Y L,Hao X L,Li Y L and Sun W D.2012.The formation of the Dabaoshan porphyry molybdenum deposit induced by slab rollback.Lithos,150(5):101-110.
Mao W,Rusk B,Yang F C and Zhang M J.2017.Physical and chemical evolution of the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo deposit,South China:Insights from fluid inclusions,cathodoluminescence,and trace elements in quartz.Economic Geology,112(4):889-918.
Sun S S and Mc Donough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and process//Sauders A D and Norry M J.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,Special Publication,42:313-345.
Wang L,Hu M G,Yang Z,Qu W J,Xia J L and Chen K X.2011.U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology and geodynamic setting of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit,northern Guangdong Province,South China.Ore Geology Reviews,43(1):40-49.
陈毓川,陈郑辉,曾载淋,赵正,赵斌,王登红,张永忠,李建国,周新鹏,李江东.2013.南岭科学钻探第一孔选址研究.中国地质,40(3):659-670.
陈毓川,王登红,徐志刚,黄凡.2014.华南岩浆成矿作用与区域成矿规律概要.大地构造与成矿学,38(2):219-229.
戴塔根,尹学朗,张德贤.2015.广东大宝山多金属矿的成矿模式.中南大学学报(自然科学版),46(7):2693-2700.
傅晓明,张德贤,戴塔根,高剑峰.2018.不同成因类型矿化中黄铁矿微量元素地球化学记录--以广东省大宝山多金属矿床为例.大地构造与成矿学,42(3):505-519.
葛朝华,韩发.1986.大宝山铁?多金属矿床的海相火山热液沉积成因特征.矿床地质,5(1):1-12.
广东省地质矿产局705地质队.1961.大宝山多金属矿床地质勘探报告.北京:北京出版社:1-178.
黄书俊,曾永超,贾国相,陈远荣.1987.论广东大宝山多金属矿床的成因.地球化学,16(1):27-35.
刘姤群,杨世义,张秀兰,陈长江.1985.粤北大宝山多金属矿床成因的初步探讨.地质学报,59(1):47-60.
刘莎,王春龙,黄文婷,伍静,梁华英,高志辉,林锦富.2012.粤北大宝山斑岩钼钨矿床赋矿岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄与矿床形成动力学背景分析.大地构造与成矿学,36(3):440-449.
罗年华.1985.广东大宝山多金属矿床地质地球化学特征及成因探讨.桂林冶金地质学院学报,5(2):183-195.
冷成彪,张兴春,王守旭,秦朝建,吴孔文,任涛.2009.岩浆?热液体系成矿流体演化及其金属元素气相迁移研究进展.地质论评,55(1):100-112.
毛景文,陈懋弘,袁顺达,郭春丽.2011.华南地区钦杭成矿带地质特征和矿床时空分布规律.地质学报,85(5):636-658.
毛伟,李晓峰,杨富初.2013.广东大宝山多金属矿床花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义.岩石学报,29(12):4104-4120.
潘会彬,康志强,付文春.2014.粤北大宝山矿区徐屋岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义.地质通报,33(6):894-899.
邱世强.1981.关于大宝山层状多金属矿床成因的初步探讨.地质论评,27(4):333-340.
瞿泓滢,陈懋弘,杨富初,高志辉,王要武,赵海杰,余长发.2014.粤北大宝山铜多金属矿床中层状铜矿体的成矿时代及其成因意义.岩石学报,30(1):152-162.
宋世明,胡凯,蒋少涌,李贶.2007.粤北大宝山多金属矿床成矿流体的He-Ar-Pb-S同位素示踪.地质找矿论丛,22(2):87-92,99.
汤吉方,刘家齐,傅太安,蔡锦辉,熊宝成,龚家财,裴太昌.1992.粤北大宝山及其外围地区多金属矿床成矿地质条件、构造控岩控矿规律及隐伏矿//南岭地质矿产文集(3).北京:地质出版社:1-67.
王登红,李建康,应立娟,陈郑辉,陈毓川.2007.对运用全位成矿与缺位找矿理念寻找铂族元素矿床的思考.全国成矿理论与找矿方法学术讨论会:460-462.
王磊,胡明安,屈文俊,陈开旭,龙文国,杨振.2012.粤北大宝山多金属矿床LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os定年及其地质意义.中国地质,39(1):29-42.
王磊,胡明安,杨振,夏金龙.2010.粤北大宝山矿区花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义.地球科学,35(2):175-185.
伍静,王广强,梁华英,黄文婷,林书平,邹银桥,孙卫东,王要武.2014.粤北大宝山矿区加里东期火山岩的厘定及其地质意义.岩石学报,30(4):1145-1154.
徐文炘,李蘅,陈民扬,黄德鑫,张富铁,汪礼明.2008.广东大宝山多金属矿床成矿物质来源同位素证据.地球学报,29(6):684-690.
杨振强.1997.大宝山块状硫化物矿床成因:泥盆纪海底热事件.华南地质与矿产,(1):7-17.
姚德贤.1983.大宝山--海底火山沉积多金属矿床.中国地质,10(7):18-21.
周敖日格勒,戴紧根,李亚林,张海龙.2017.东昆仑山脉晚志留世-早侏罗世花岗类岩石中锆石微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义.岩石学报,33(1):173-190.
周新民.2003.对华南花岗岩研究的若干思考.高校地质学报,9(4):556-565.
庄明正.1983.大宝山多金属矿田矿床类型及成矿作用探讨.地质与勘探,19(8):9-16.
Feiss P G.1978.Magmatic sources of copper in porphyry copper deposits.Economic Geology,73(3):397-404.
Grant J A.1986.The isocon diagram-a simple solution to gresens’equation for metasomatic alteration.Economic Geology,81(8):1976-1982.
Grimes C B,John B E,Kelemen P B,Mazdab F K,Wooden J L,Cheadle M J,Hangh?j K and Schwartz J J.2007.Trace element chemistry of zircons from oceanic crust:A method for distinguishing detrital zircon provenance.Geology,35(7):643-646.
Hoskin P W O and Schaltegger U.2003.The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis.Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,53(1):27-62.
Huang W T,Liang H Y Wu J,Zou Y Q and Zhang J.2017.Formation of porphyry Mo deposit in a deep fault zone,example from the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo deposit in northern Guangdong,South China.Ore Geology Reviews,81:940-952.
Li C Y,Zhang H,Wang F Y,Liu J Q,Sun Y L,Hao X L,Li Y L and Sun W D.2012.The formation of the Dabaoshan porphyry molybdenum deposit induced by slab rollback.Lithos,150(5):101-110.
Mao W,Rusk B,Yang F C and Zhang M J.2017.Physical and chemical evolution of the Dabaoshan porphyry Mo deposit,South China:Insights from fluid inclusions,cathodoluminescence,and trace elements in quartz.Economic Geology,112(4):889-918.
Sun S S and Mc Donough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:Implications for mantle composition and process//Sauders A D and Norry M J.Magmatism in the Ocean Basins.Geological Society,Special Publication,42:313-345.
Wang L,Hu M G,Yang Z,Qu W J,Xia J L and Chen K X.2011.U-Pb and Re-Os geochronology and geodynamic setting of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit,northern Guangdong Province,South China.Ore Geology Reviews,43(1):40-49.
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