河北夏播区玉米机械粒收质量及影响因素研究
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摘要
2014～2017年在河北省邯郸、衡水、石家庄、沧州和邢台市共开展16组机械粒收品种筛选与技术集成示范,对14组试验采取机械粒收及收获质量评价。结果表明,机械粒收子粒破碎率均值为10.19%,高于国标≤5%的要求;杂质率均值为1.99%,低于≤3%国标标准;产量损失率均值为3.55%,总体小于≤5%国标标准,破碎率高是河北夏玉米区机械粒收存在的主要质量问题。子粒含水率总体呈正态分布,均值为28.69%,收获时含水率低于26.01%的样本仅占25%,含水率与子粒破碎率(r=0.534**,n=130)、杂质率(r=0.437**,n=130)均呈极显著正相关关系,含水率高是导致收获质量差的主要原因。
Sixteen groups of experiments about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical ker-nel harvest were carried out in Handan, Hengshui, Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou and Xingtai in Hebei province from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that, the mean of grain breaking rate was 10.19%, which was higher than the nationalstandard of < 5%, the mean of the impurity rate was 1.99% meeting the national standard of less than 3%, and themean of the yield loss rate was 3.55% less than the standard of 5%. The high grain breaking rate was the main prob-lem of maize kernel mechanical harvest in Hebei. The grain water content was generally normal distribution with themean value of 28.69%, and the cultivar samples at harvest with the water content less than 26.01% accounted for25%. Water content was significantly positively correlated with the grain breaking rate(r=0.534**, n=130) and theimpurity rate(r=0.437**, n=130), and the high water content was the important cause of the poor harvest quality.
Sixteen groups of experiments about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical ker-nel harvest were carried out in Handan, Hengshui, Shijiazhuang, Cangzhou and Xingtai in Hebei province from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that, the mean of grain breaking rate was 10.19%, which was higher than the nationalstandard of < 5%, the mean of the impurity rate was 1.99% meeting the national standard of less than 3%, and themean of the yield loss rate was 3.55% less than the standard of 5%. The high grain breaking rate was the main prob-lem of maize kernel mechanical harvest in Hebei. The grain water content was generally normal distribution with themean value of 28.69%, and the cultivar samples at harvest with the water content less than 26.01% accounted for25%. Water content was significantly positively correlated with the grain breaking rate(r=0.534**, n=130) and theimpurity rate(r=0.437**, n=130), and the high water content was the important cause of the poor harvest quality.
引文
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[2]李少昆.我国玉米机械粒收质量影响因素及粒收技术的发展方向[J].石河子大学学报(自科版),2017,35(3):265-272.Li S K.Factors affecting the quality of maize grain mechanical harvest and the development trend of grain harvest technology[J].Journal Shihezi University,2017,35(3):265-272.(in Chinese)
[3]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q,et al.Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2036-2043.(in Chinese)
[4]李少昆,王崇桃.玉米高产潜力途径[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[5]王克如,李少昆.玉米机械粒收破碎率研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2017(50):2018-2026.Wang K R,Li S K.Progresses in research on grain broken rate by mechanical grain harvesting[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2018-2026.(in Chinese)
[6]王克如,李少昆.玉米子粒脱水速率影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2027-2035.Wang K R,Li S K.Analysis of influencing factors on kernel dehydration rate of maize hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2027-2035.(in Chinese)
[7]Hall G E,Johnson W H.Corn kernel crackage induced by mechanical shelling[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1970,13(1):51-55.
[8]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[9]Chowdhry M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[10]Johnson W H,Jain M L,Hamdy M Y,et al.Characteristics and analysis of corn ear failure[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1969,12(6):845-848.
[11]Sriastava A K,Herum F L,Stevens K K.Impact parameters related to physical damage to corn kernel[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1976,19(6):1147-1151.
[12]李璐璐,雷晓鹏,谢瑞芝,等.夏玉米机械粒收质量影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2044-2051.Li L L,Lei X P,Xie R Z,et al.Analysis of influential factors on mechanical grain harvest quality of summer maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2044-2051.(in Chinese)
[13]李璐璐,谢瑞芝,范盼盼,等.郑单958与先玉335子粒脱水特征研究[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):57-61,71.Li L L,Xie R Z,Fan P P,et al.Study on dehydration in kernel between Zhengdan958 and Xianyu335[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2016,24(2):57-61,71.(in Chinese)
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