黑龙江第1～第3积温带玉米机械粒收现状及品种特性分析
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摘要
2013～2017年在位于黑龙江省第1～3积温带的绥化、齐齐哈尔、哈尔滨、大庆等10个地点开展15组玉米机械粒收研究,对其中4组试验采取机械粒收及其质量评价。结果表明,215个样本子粒含水率分布范围在10.6%～39.6%;机械粒收子粒破碎率均值为7.52%,高于≤5%的国标标准要求;杂质率均值为1.15%,产量损失率均值为0.76%,分别低于≤3%和≤5%国标标准。子粒破碎率偏高是当地机械粒收存在的主要质量问题。子粒含水率与破碎率呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.560**),含水率高是导致粒收质量差的重要原因。利用子粒含水率和单产两个重要指标按双向平均作图法,初步筛选出适合第1～第3积温带及不同热量条件区域的玉米机械粒收品种。
15 groups of experiments about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical grain har-vest were carried out in Suihua, Qiqihar, Harbin and Daqing within the 1-3 accumulated temperature zones of Hei-longjiang Province in 2013-2017 and 4 of them were conducted to evaluate the mechanical kernel harvest and har-vest quality. The results showed that the grain moisture content of 215 samples ranged from 10.6% to 39.6% which was a little high basically; the mean of grain breaking rate was 7.52%, which was higher than the national standard of ≤5%, the mean of the impurity rate was 1.15% lower than the national standard of ≤3%, and the mean of the yield loss rate was 0.76% less than the standard of 5%. The cultivars suitable for mechanical kernel harvest at experimen-tal region were selected based on the bi-directional average analysis of grain moisture content and yield.
15 groups of experiments about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical grain har-vest were carried out in Suihua, Qiqihar, Harbin and Daqing within the 1-3 accumulated temperature zones of Hei-longjiang Province in 2013-2017 and 4 of them were conducted to evaluate the mechanical kernel harvest and har-vest quality. The results showed that the grain moisture content of 215 samples ranged from 10.6% to 39.6% which was a little high basically; the mean of grain breaking rate was 7.52%, which was higher than the national standard of ≤5%, the mean of the impurity rate was 1.15% lower than the national standard of ≤3%, and the mean of the yield loss rate was 0.76% less than the standard of 5%. The cultivars suitable for mechanical kernel harvest at experimen-tal region were selected based on the bi-directional average analysis of grain moisture content and yield.
引文
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[9]王克如,李少昆.玉米子粒脱水速率影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2027-2035.Wang K R,Li S K.Analysis of influencing factors on kernel dehydration rate of maize hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2027-2035.(in Chinese)
[2]李少昆,王克如,谢瑞芝,等.实施密植高产机械化生产实现玉米高产高效协同[J].作物杂志,2016(4):1-6.Li S K,Wang K R,Xie R Z,et al.Implementing higher population and full mechanization technologies to achieve high yield and high efficiency in maize production[J].Crops,2016(4):1-6.(in Chinese)
[3]王克如,李少昆.玉米机械粒收破碎率研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2017(50):2018-2026.Wang K R,Li S K.Progresses in research on grain broken rate by mechanical grain harvesting[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2018-2026.(in Chinese)
[4]Hall G E,Johnson W H.Corn kernel crackage induced by mechanical shelling[J].Transactions of the ASABE,1970,13(1):51-55.
[5]Plett S.Corn kernel breakage as a function of grain moisture at harvest in a prairie environment[J].Canada Journal Plant Science,1994,74(3):543-544.
[6]Chowdhry M H,Buchele W F.The nature of corn kernel damage inflicted in the shelling crescent of grain combines[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1978:610-614.
[7]宋卫堂,封俊,胡鸿烈.北京地区夏玉米联合收获的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(5):45-48.Song W T,Feng J,Hu H L.Experimental study on combine harvesting of summer corn in Beijing area[J].Trans CSAM,2005,36(5):45-48.(in Chinese)
[8]柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.Chai Z W,Wang K R,Guo Y Q,et al.Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2036-2043.(in Chinese)
[9]王克如,李少昆.玉米子粒脱水速率影响因素分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2027-2035.Wang K R,Li S K.Analysis of influencing factors on kernel dehydration rate of maize hybrids[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(11):2027-2035.(in Chinese)
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