文冠果种子及苗期生长性状地理种源变异
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摘要
[目的]研究不同种源文冠果(Xanthocerassorbifolium Bunge)的种子形态特征及在山东省安丘地区苗期性状差异,了解文冠果不同种源变异特征,为文冠果在山东安丘地区引种和遗传改良提供参考。[方法]以来自山东、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、河北、新疆、陕西等地的27个种源的文冠果种子为研究对象,对其种子形态指标进行测定,并在山东省安丘市开展种源试验。[结果]研究发现:不同种源间文冠果表型性状均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),且这些差异可以稳定遗传(遗传力均大于0.9);苗期苗高与种源地降水、年均气温及地径与降水之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),苗高与种源地纬度、年均日照及地径与年均日照呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),种子长、种子宽、种皮厚均与海拔呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。[结论]文冠果表型性状存在丰富的变异,且受较强遗传控制;文冠果苗期性状变异主要受降水、年均气温、年均日照3个环境主导因子的影响,种子性状变异主要受海拔的影响。综合种源苗期生长状况,初步筛选出山东东营、山东安丘、内蒙古库伦、辽宁关山和辽宁海城5个适合安丘地区育苗的速生种源。
[Objective] To provide a basis for introduction to appropriate regions and to further improve the genetic traits of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, the seed morphology from various provenances and seedling growing traits in Shandong were studied. [Method] The morphological parameters, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness and seed weight, were measured and provenance test was conducted in Anqiu of Shandong Province with the seeds of 27 X. sorbifolium provenances collected from the provinces of Shandong, He'nan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, etc. ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted with different traits. [Result] The phenotypic traits among provenances were significantly different(P<0.01), and their heritability were higher than 0.9, which indicated abundant variation of morphological traits subjected to strong genetic control. Correlation analysis showed that the seedling height had most positive correlation to precipitation and annual temperature, and the base diameter had most positively correlation to precipitation. The seedling height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude and sunshine hours. The base diameter showed extremely significant negative correlation with sunshine hours, too. Highly significant negative correlation between seed size and altitude was also found. [Conclusion] There was obvious variation of the seedling and seed morphological characters among the 27 X. sobifolium provenances, and they can be stably inherited. The variation of the seedling growing traits is mainly influenced by precipitation, sunshine and annual temperature while the variation of seed traits is mainly influenced by altitude, the variation of biomass of aerial part is the most susceptible to the environment. The correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the phenotypic traits variation are in accordance with the geographic distance and clustering. Five fast-growing provenances and seven high-yielding provenances are selected for experiments and popularization.
[Objective] To provide a basis for introduction to appropriate regions and to further improve the genetic traits of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, the seed morphology from various provenances and seedling growing traits in Shandong were studied. [Method] The morphological parameters, including seed length, seed width, seed thickness and seed weight, were measured and provenance test was conducted in Anqiu of Shandong Province with the seeds of 27 X. sorbifolium provenances collected from the provinces of Shandong, He'nan, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, etc. ANOVA analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis were conducted with different traits. [Result] The phenotypic traits among provenances were significantly different(P<0.01), and their heritability were higher than 0.9, which indicated abundant variation of morphological traits subjected to strong genetic control. Correlation analysis showed that the seedling height had most positive correlation to precipitation and annual temperature, and the base diameter had most positively correlation to precipitation. The seedling height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude and sunshine hours. The base diameter showed extremely significant negative correlation with sunshine hours, too. Highly significant negative correlation between seed size and altitude was also found. [Conclusion] There was obvious variation of the seedling and seed morphological characters among the 27 X. sobifolium provenances, and they can be stably inherited. The variation of the seedling growing traits is mainly influenced by precipitation, sunshine and annual temperature while the variation of seed traits is mainly influenced by altitude, the variation of biomass of aerial part is the most susceptible to the environment. The correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the phenotypic traits variation are in accordance with the geographic distance and clustering. Five fast-growing provenances and seven high-yielding provenances are selected for experiments and popularization.
引文
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[4] 张翠琴,姬志峰,林丽丽,等. 五角枫种群表型多样性[J]. 生态学报,2015, 35(16): 5343-5352.
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[6] 何霞,廖柏勇,王芳,等. 苦楝种源幼林期生长性状地理变异的研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2016, 37(4): 75-81.
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[8] 马新,姜继元,朱耀军,等. 19个文冠果种源在新疆的性状表现与聚类分析[J]. 贵州农业科学,2016, 44(11): 121-124.
[9] 王超,王冬梅,李永红,等. 能源树种文冠果在黄土残垣沟壑区引种试验的初步研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2013, 35(3): 90-96.
[10] 张芸香,刘晶晶,郭晋平,等. 山西省文冠果种子形态特征及地理种源差异性研究[J]. 中国农学通报,2015, 31(22): 39-45.
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[12] 蔡杰,张挺,刘成,等. 野生植物种子采集技术规范[J]. 植物分类与资源学报, 2013, 35(3): 221-233.
[13] 王涛,王利兵,于海燕. 中国能源植物山杏的研究[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2013.
[14] 续九如. 林木数量遗传学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[15] 赵兴堂,夏德安,曾凡锁,等. 水曲柳生长性状种源与地点互作及优良种源选择[J]. 林业科学,2015, 51(3): 140-147.
[16] 陈跃,周志春,吴吉富,等. 马尾松优良种植材料现实遗传增益验证[J]. 林业科学研究,2003, 16(2): 203-208.
[17] 刘凤玲,黄春球,文彬,等.假鹊肾树种子形态及萌发特性 [J].种子, 2018, 4(1): 45-48.
[18] 高张莹,张海峰,陈国平,等. 核桃楸种群果核形态及地理变异[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2017, 23(4): 609-615.
[19] 刘勇. 苗木质量调控理论与技术[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1999.
[20] Jacobs D F, Salifu K F, Seifert J R. Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings[J]. New Forests, 2005, 30(2-3): 235-251.
[21] 胡鹏飞,蔡光辉,张佳男,等. 川滇无患子不同种源子代幼树生长的初步评价[J]. 现代园艺,2018(11):3-7.
[22] 何霞,吕子豪,廖柏勇,等.苦楝不同种源在广东生长适应性表现及早期选择[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(3):44-50.
[23] 李国雷,刘勇,祝燕,等. 国外苗木质量研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究,2011, 24(2): 27-35.
[24] 王艺,张蕊,冯建国,等. 不同种源南方红豆杉生长差异分析及早期速生优良种源筛选[J]. 植物资源与环境学报,2012, 21(4): 41-47.
[25] 岳华峰,邵文豪,井振华,等. 苦槠种子形态性状的地理变异分析[J]. 林业科学研究,2010, 23(3): 453-456.
[26] Munthali C R Y, Chirwa P W, Akinnifesi F K. Phenotypic variation in fruit and seed morphology of Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) in five selected wild populations in Malawi[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2012, 85(2): 279-290.
[27] Gouwakinnou G N, Assogbadjo A E, Lykke A M, et al. Phenotypic variations in fruits and selection potential in Sclerocarya birrea subsp. birrea[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011, 129(4): 777-783.
[28] 杨志玲,杨旭,谭梓峰,等. 不同野生居群石蒜表型变异及物候期差异[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2010, 16(3): 369-375.
[29] 龙凤,余传琼,吴承祯,等. 不同种源雷公藤叶物候特征比较[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2016(4): 660-666.
[2] 敖妍,段劼,于海燕,等. 文冠果研究进展[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6): 197-203.
[3] 于海燕,陈梦园,范思琪,等. 苗木不同繁育方式对文冠果苗木生长的影响[J]. 林业资源管理,2017(2): 139-142.
[4] 张翠琴,姬志峰,林丽丽,等. 五角枫种群表型多样性[J]. 生态学报,2015, 35(16): 5343-5352.
[5] 林玮,周鹏,周祥斌,等. 任豆种源种子性状地理变异研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2016, 37(4): 69-74.
[6] 何霞,廖柏勇,王芳,等. 苦楝种源幼林期生长性状地理变异的研究[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2016, 37(4): 75-81.
[7] 刘霞,孙冲,有详亮,等. 文冠果苗期种源试验[J]. 西南林业大学学报, 2013,33(6): 51-55.
[8] 马新,姜继元,朱耀军,等. 19个文冠果种源在新疆的性状表现与聚类分析[J]. 贵州农业科学,2016, 44(11): 121-124.
[9] 王超,王冬梅,李永红,等. 能源树种文冠果在黄土残垣沟壑区引种试验的初步研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2013, 35(3): 90-96.
[10] 张芸香,刘晶晶,郭晋平,等. 山西省文冠果种子形态特征及地理种源差异性研究[J]. 中国农学通报,2015, 31(22): 39-45.
[11] 王涛. 中国能源植物文冠果的研究[M]. 北京:中国科学技术出版社, 2012.
[12] 蔡杰,张挺,刘成,等. 野生植物种子采集技术规范[J]. 植物分类与资源学报, 2013, 35(3): 221-233.
[13] 王涛,王利兵,于海燕. 中国能源植物山杏的研究[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2013.
[14] 续九如. 林木数量遗传学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[15] 赵兴堂,夏德安,曾凡锁,等. 水曲柳生长性状种源与地点互作及优良种源选择[J]. 林业科学,2015, 51(3): 140-147.
[16] 陈跃,周志春,吴吉富,等. 马尾松优良种植材料现实遗传增益验证[J]. 林业科学研究,2003, 16(2): 203-208.
[17] 刘凤玲,黄春球,文彬,等.假鹊肾树种子形态及萌发特性 [J].种子, 2018, 4(1): 45-48.
[18] 高张莹,张海峰,陈国平,等. 核桃楸种群果核形态及地理变异[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2017, 23(4): 609-615.
[19] 刘勇. 苗木质量调控理论与技术[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1999.
[20] Jacobs D F, Salifu K F, Seifert J R. Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings[J]. New Forests, 2005, 30(2-3): 235-251.
[21] 胡鹏飞,蔡光辉,张佳男,等. 川滇无患子不同种源子代幼树生长的初步评价[J]. 现代园艺,2018(11):3-7.
[22] 何霞,吕子豪,廖柏勇,等.苦楝不同种源在广东生长适应性表现及早期选择[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(3):44-50.
[23] 李国雷,刘勇,祝燕,等. 国外苗木质量研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究,2011, 24(2): 27-35.
[24] 王艺,张蕊,冯建国,等. 不同种源南方红豆杉生长差异分析及早期速生优良种源筛选[J]. 植物资源与环境学报,2012, 21(4): 41-47.
[25] 岳华峰,邵文豪,井振华,等. 苦槠种子形态性状的地理变异分析[J]. 林业科学研究,2010, 23(3): 453-456.
[26] Munthali C R Y, Chirwa P W, Akinnifesi F K. Phenotypic variation in fruit and seed morphology of Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) in five selected wild populations in Malawi[J]. Agroforestry Systems, 2012, 85(2): 279-290.
[27] Gouwakinnou G N, Assogbadjo A E, Lykke A M, et al. Phenotypic variations in fruits and selection potential in Sclerocarya birrea subsp. birrea[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011, 129(4): 777-783.
[28] 杨志玲,杨旭,谭梓峰,等. 不同野生居群石蒜表型变异及物候期差异[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2010, 16(3): 369-375.
[29] 龙凤,余传琼,吴承祯,等. 不同种源雷公藤叶物候特征比较[J]. 应用与环境生物学报,2016(4): 660-666.