下三叠统鲕粒灰岩中微生物矿化组构特征及意义——以川东北地区飞仙关组为例
|
摘要
PTB全球最大生物灭绝事件后,早三叠世被认为是微生物发育繁殖的黄金时期,浅水环境是微生物活动及微生物岩形成的最有利环境。借助高分辨率扫描电镜和能谱分析,在川东北地区开江—梁平海槽西侧下三叠统飞仙关组浅水碳酸盐岩台地边缘的鲕粒灰岩中发现了三种微生物矿化组构:空腔状微生物矿化组构、显微瘤状微生物矿化组构和纤状微生物矿化组构;通过沉积学、岩石学及地球化学的综合分析,认为显微瘤状微生物矿化组构是微生物新陈代谢时形成的纳米球状云质颗粒,纤状微生物矿化组构是微生物的胞外聚合物,而空腔状微生物矿化组构则属于微生物个体。这些微生物矿化组构的发现,为早三叠世微生物大爆发提供了一定的直观证据;推测大量的微生物活动是早三叠世碳酸盐快速沉积现象的直接诱因,并导致于二叠纪末发育的克拉通内裂陷——开江—梁平海槽在早三叠世被快速填平。
After the PTB's biggest extinction in the world, the Lower Triassic is considered to be the golden era of microbial growth and reproduction. A shallow-water environment is the most favorable for microbial activity and microbial rock formation. Spectral analysis of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy showed three types of microbial mineralized fabric in oolitic limestone, which is the origin of a shallow-water carbonate platform margin on the western side of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough. These are: cavity-shaped mineralized fabric; micro-nodule-shaped mineralized fabric; and arrow-shaped mineralized fabric. Following comprehensive sedimentological, petrological and geochemical analyses, it is considered that micro-nodule-shaped mineralized fabric consists of dolomitic nanospheroids formed by microbial metabolism. The arrow-shaped mineralized fabric is made up of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). Cavity-shaped mineralized fabric are microorganism individuals. In addition, a large number of micropores on the surface of calcite crystals were found to be caused by microbial dissolution. The discovery of these microbial mineralized fabrics provides direct evidence of a microbial outbreak in the Lower Triassic. It is assumed that microbial activity is a direct cause of the rapid carbonate deposition phenomenon of the Lower Triassic which led to the rapid Lower Triassic infilling of the Late Permian intracratonic rift in the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough.
After the PTB's biggest extinction in the world, the Lower Triassic is considered to be the golden era of microbial growth and reproduction. A shallow-water environment is the most favorable for microbial activity and microbial rock formation. Spectral analysis of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy showed three types of microbial mineralized fabric in oolitic limestone, which is the origin of a shallow-water carbonate platform margin on the western side of the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough. These are: cavity-shaped mineralized fabric; micro-nodule-shaped mineralized fabric; and arrow-shaped mineralized fabric. Following comprehensive sedimentological, petrological and geochemical analyses, it is considered that micro-nodule-shaped mineralized fabric consists of dolomitic nanospheroids formed by microbial metabolism. The arrow-shaped mineralized fabric is made up of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). Cavity-shaped mineralized fabric are microorganism individuals. In addition, a large number of micropores on the surface of calcite crystals were found to be caused by microbial dissolution. The discovery of these microbial mineralized fabrics provides direct evidence of a microbial outbreak in the Lower Triassic. It is assumed that microbial activity is a direct cause of the rapid carbonate deposition phenomenon of the Lower Triassic which led to the rapid Lower Triassic infilling of the Late Permian intracratonic rift in the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough.
引文
[1]Buczynski C,Chafetz H S.Habit of bacterially induced precipitates of calcium carbonate and the influence of medium viscosity on mineralogy[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1991,61(2):226-233.
[2]Schultze-Lam S,Fortin D,Davis B S,et al.Mineralization of bacterial surfaces[J].Chemical Geology,1996,132(1/2/3/4):171-181.
[3]Douglas S,Beveridge T J.Mineral formation by bacteria in natural microbial communities[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1998,26(2):79-88.
[4]Castanier S,Métayer-Levrel G L,Perthuisot J P.Ca-carbonates precipitation and limestone genesis-the microbiogeologist point of view[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,126(1/2/3/4):9-23.
[5]Bosak T,Newman D K.Microbial nucleation of calcium carbonate in the Precambrian[J].Geology,2003,31(7):577-580.
[6]Dupraz C,Visscher P T.Microbial lithification in marine stromatolites and hypersaline mats[J].Trends in Microbiology,2005,13(9):429-438.
[7]Visscher P T,Stolz J F.Microbial mats as bioreactors:populations,processes,and products[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2005,219(1/2):87-100.
[8]Perri E,Tucker M.Bacterial fossils and microbial dolomite in Triassic stromatolites[J].Geology,2007,35(3):207-210.
[9]王小林,胡文瑄,陈琪,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区上震旦统藻白云岩特征及其成因机理[J].地质学报,2010,84(10):1479-1494.[Wang Xiaolin,Hu Wenxuan,Chen Qi,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of Upper Sinian algal dolomite at the Kalpin area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(10):1479-1494.]
[10]胡文瑄,朱井泉,王小林,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区寒武系微生物白云岩特征、成因及意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):860-869.[Hu Wenxuan,Zhu Jingquan,Wang Xiaolin,et al.Characteristics,origin and geological implications of the Cambrian microbial dolomite in Keping area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):860-869.]
[11]由雪莲,孙枢,朱井泉.塔里木盆地中上寒武统叠层石白云岩中微生物矿化组构特征及其成因意义[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2014,44(8):1777-1790.[You Xuelian,Sun Shu,Zhu Jingquan.Significance of fossilized microbes from the Cambrian stromatolites in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2014,44(8):1777-1790.]
[12]雷川,李红,杨锐,等.新疆乌鲁木齐地区中二叠统芦草沟组湖相微生物成因白云石特征[J].古地理学报,2012,14(6):767-775.[Lei Chuan,Li Hong,Yang Rui,et al.Lacustrine microbial dolomite of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in Urumqi,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(6):767-775.]
[13]李红,柳益群,李文厚,等.新疆乌鲁木齐二叠系湖相微生物白云岩成因[J].地质通报,2013,32(4):661-670.[Li Hong,Liu Yiqun,Li Wenhou,et al.The microbial precipitation of lacustrine dolomite from Permian Formation,Urumchi,Xinjiang,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2013,32(4):661-670.]
[14]韩作振,陈吉涛,迟乃杰,等.微生物碳酸盐岩研究:回顾与展望[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):29-38.[Han Zuozhen,Chen Jitao,Chi Naijie,et al.Microbial carbonates:Areview and perspectives[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):29-38.]
[15]杨慧宁,毛颖颜,潘兵,等.陕南寒武纪早期仙女洞组生物礁灰岩微相序列[J].微体古生物学报,2016,33(1):75-86.[Yang Huining,Mao Yingyan,Pan Bing,et al.Microfacies sequences of the Early Cambrian(series 2)Xiannüdong Formation reefs in southern Shanxi province,NW China[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2016,33(1):75-86.]
[16]Vasconcelos C,Mc Kenzie J A.Microbial mediation of modern dolomite precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions(Lagoa Vermelha,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(3):378-390.
[17]Wright D T.The role of sulphate-reducing bacteria and cyanobacteria in dolomite formation in distal ephemeral lakes of the Coorong region,South Australia[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,126(1/2/3/4):147-157.
[18]于炳松,董海良,蒋宏忱,等.青海湖底沉积物中球状白云石集合体的发现及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):66-70.[Yu Bingsong,Dong Hailiang,Jiang Hongchen,et al.Discovery of spheric dolomite aggregations in sediments from the bottom of Qinghai Lake and its significance for dolomite problem[J].Geoscience,2007,21(1):66-70.]
[19]Deng S C,Dong H L,Lv G,et al.Microbial dolomite precipitation using sulfate reducing and halophilic bacteria:Results from Qinghai Lake,Tibetan Plateau,NW China[J].Chemical Geology,2010,278(3/4):151-159.
[20]Compton J S.Degree of supersaturation and precipitation of organogenic dolomite[J].Geology,1988,16(4):318-321.
[21]Vasconcelos C,Mckenzie J A,Bernasconi S,et al.Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures[J].Nature,1995,377(6546):220-222.
[22]Boetius A,Ravenschlag K,Schubert C J,et al.A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane[J].Nature,2000,407(6804):623-626.
[23]Warthmann R,Van Lith Y,Vasconcelos C,et al.Bacterially induced dolomite precipitation in anoxic culture experiments[J].Geology,2000,28(12):1091-1094.
[24]van Lith Y,Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,et al.Microbial fossilization in carbonate sediments:a result of the bacterial surface involvement in dolomite precipitation[J].Sedimentology,2003,50(2):237-245.
[25]van Lith Y,Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,et al.Sulphate-reducing bacteria induce low-temperature Ca-dolomite and high Mg-calcite formation[J].Geobiology,2003,1(1):71-79.
[26]Roberts J A,Bennett P C,González L A,et al.Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater[J].Geology,2004,32(4):277-280.
[27]Wright D T,Wacey D.Precipitation of dolomite using sulphate-reducing bacteria from the Coorong region,South Australia:significance and implications[J].Sedimentology,2005,52(5):987-1008.
[28]Sánchez-Román M,Vasconcelos C,Schmid T,et al.Aerobic microbial dolomite at the nanometer scale:Implications for the geologic record[J].Geology,2008,36(11):879-882.
[29]Sánchez-Román M,Mckenzie J A,De Luca Rebello Wagener A,et al.Experimentally determined biomediated Sr partition coefficient for dolomite:significance and implication for natural dolomite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2011,75(3):887-904.
[30]Kenward P A,Goldstein R H,González L A,et al.Precipitation of low-temperature dolomite from an anaerobic microbial consortium:the role of methanogenic Archaea[J].Geobiology,2009,7(5):556-565.
[31]Krause S,Liebetrau V,Gorb S,et al.Microbial nucleation of Mgrich dolomite in Exopolymeric substances under anoxic modern seawater salinity:new insight into an old enigma[J].Geology,2012,40(7):587-590.
[32]谭先锋,李洁,何金平,等.开江-梁平海槽区带南段飞仙关组层序-岩相古地理特征[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):612-622.[Tan Xianfeng,Li Jie,He Jinping,et al.Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of Feixianguan Formation in southern sector of Kaijiang-Liangping ocean trough[J].Geology in China,2012,39(3):612-622.
[33]倪新锋,陈洪德,田景春,等.川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组沉积格局及成藏控制意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):458-465.[Ni Xinfeng,Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,et al.Sedimentary framework of Changxing-Feixianguan Formations and its control on reservoiring in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(4):458-465.]
[34]钟怡江,陈洪德,林良彪,等.川东北地区长兴期-飞仙关期沉积体系分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):522-530.[Zhong Yijiang,Chen Hongde,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Depositional system of Changxing-Feixianguan period in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(5):522-530.]
[35]刘建强,罗冰,谭秀成,等.川东北地区飞仙关组台缘带鲕滩分布规律[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):805-814.[Liu Jianqiang,Luo Bing,Tan Xiucheng,et al.Distribution of marginal-platform Oolitic shoal in Feixianguan Formation,northeast Sichuan,China[J].Earth Science-Journal of China U-niversity of Geosciences,2012,37(4):805-814.]
[36]李小燕,王琪,韩元红,等.川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩相沉积体系优质储层形成过程及储集空间演化主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1594-1602.[Li Xiaoyan,Wang Qi,Han Yuanhong,et al.Main control factors and analysis of reservoir space evolution of reef-beach facies in Changxing-Feixianguan Formation of northeastern Sichuan area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1594-1602.]
[37]王永标,童金南,王家生,等.华南二叠纪末大绝灭后的钙质微生物岩及古环境意义[J].科学通报,2005,50(6):552-558.[Wang Yongbiao,Tong Jinnan,Wang Jiasheng,el al.Calcimicrobialite after end Permian mass extinction in South China and its paleo-environmental significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(6):552-558.]
[38]周志澄,罗辉,Willems H,等.四川江油渔洞子下三叠统飞仙关组巨鲕灰岩中疑似蓝细菌及早三叠世疑似蓝细菌的双幕式爆发[J].古生物学报,2017,56(1):82-93.[Zhou Zhicheng,Luo Hui,Wiliems H,et al.Doubtful cyanobacteria in the giant oolitic limestone of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation from the Yudongzi section of Jiangyou,Sichuan and two episodes of Early Triassic cyan obacterial explosions[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2017,56(1):82-93.]
[39]王兴志,张帆,马青,等.四川盆地东部晚二叠世-早三叠世飞仙关期礁、滩特征与海平面变化[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):249-254.[Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan,Ma Qing,et al.The characteristics of reef and bank and the fluctuation of sea-level in Feixianguan period of Late Permian-Early Triassic,East Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):249-254.]
[40]魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):254-260.[Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Yang Wei,et al.Sedimentary system of platformal trough of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic in northern Sichuan Basin and its evolution[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):254-260.]
[41]马永生,牟传龙,谭钦银,等.关于开江-梁平海槽的认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):326-331.[Ma Yongsheng,Mou Chuanlong,Tan Qinyin,et al.A discussion on Kaijiang-Liangping ocean trough[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(3):326-331.]
[42]赫云兰,付孝悦,刘波,等.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩沉积与成岩对储集层的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):434-443.[He Yunlan,Fu Xiaoyue,Liu Bo,et al.Control of oolitic beaches sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoirs in Feixianguan Formation,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):434-443.]
[43]邢凤存,陆永潮,郭彤楼,等.碳酸盐岩台地边缘沉积结构差异及其油气勘探意义:以川东北早三叠世飞仙关期台地边缘带为例[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1305-1316.[Xing Fengchun,Lu Yongchao,Guo Tonglou,et al.Sedimentary texture diversity of different carbonate platform margins and it its significance for petroleum exploration:A case study of carbonate platform margins in Feixianguan period of the Early Triassic,NE Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1305-1316.]
[44]Raup D M.Size of the permo-Triassic bottleneck and its evolutionary implications[J].Science,1979,206(4415):217-218.
[45]Erwin D H.The Permo-Triassic extinction[J].Nature,1994,367(6460):231-236.
[46]Jin Y G,Wang Y,Wang W,et al.Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China[J].Science,2000,289(5478):432-436.
[47]Hallam A.Why was there a delayed radiation after the end-Palaeozoic extinctions?[J].Historical Biology,1991,5(2/3/4):257-262.
[48]童金南.华南古生代末大绝灭后的生态系复苏[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,1997,22(4):373-376.[Tong Jinnan.The ecosystem recovery after the End-Paleozoic mass extinction in South China[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1997,22(4):373-376.]
[49]赵小明,童金南,姚华舟,等.华南早三叠世错时相沉积及其对复苏期生态系的启示[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2008,38(12):1564-1574.[Zhao Xiaoming,Tong Jinnan,Yao Huazhou,et al.Anachronistic facies in the Lower Triassic of South China and their implications to the ecosystems during the recovery time[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2008,38(12):1564-1574.]
[50]温志峰,钟建华,李勇,等.叠层石成因和形成条件的研究综述[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(3):418-428.[Wen Zhifeng,Zhong Jianhua,Li Yong,et al.Current study on genesis and formation conditions of stromatolites[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(3):418-428.]
[51]Riding R.Microbial carbonates:the geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(S1):179-214.
[52]Burne R V,Moore L S.Microbialites:organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities[J].Palaios,1987,2(3):241-254.
[53]Bontognali T R R,Vasconcelos C,Warthmann R J,et al.Microbes produce nanobacteria-like structures,avoiding cell entombment[J].Geology,2008,36(8):663-666.
[54]陈兴,薛春纪.西天山乌拉根大规模铅锌成矿中H2S成因:菌生结构和硫同位素组成约束[J].岩石学报,2016,32(5):1301-1314.[Chen Xing,Xue Chunji.Origin of H2S in Uragen large-scale Zn-Pb mineralization,western Tien Shan:bacteriogenic structure and S-isotopic constraints[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2016,32(5):1301-1314.]
[55]Jones B.The preferential association of dolomite with microbes in stalactites from Cayman Brac,British West Indies[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,226(1/2/3/4):94-109.
[56]黄丹.四川盆地西部上二叠统长兴组-下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层学研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2012.[Huang D.Research on sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Permian series Changxing Formation and the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in western Sichuan Basin[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2012.]
[57]Baresel B,Bucher H,Bagherpour B,et al.Timing of global regression and microbial bloom linked with the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction:implications for driving mechanisms[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:43630.
[58]Li F,Yan J X,Algeo T,et al.Paleoceanographic conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction recorded by giant ooids(Moyang,South China)[J].Global and Planetary Change,2011,105:102-120.
[59]Lehrmann D J,Minzoni M,Li X W,et al.Lower Triassic oolites of the Nanpanjiang Basin,South China:Facies architecture,giant ooids,and diagenesis-implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(8):1389-1414.
[60]Woods A D.Microbial ooids and cortoids from the Lower Triassic(Spathian)Virgin Limestone,Nevada,USA:Evidence for an Early Triassic microbial bloom in shallow depositional environments[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,105:91-101.
[61]Tian L,Tong J N,Sun D Y,et al.The microfacies and sedimentary responses to the mass extinction during the Permian-Triassic transition at Yangou Section,Jiangxi Province,South China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(9):2195-2207.
[62]田力,童金南,宋海军,等.江西乐平沿沟二叠纪末有孔虫的演变及对鲕状灰岩的古环境指示意义[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2014,39(11):1473-1486.[Tian Li,Tong Jinnan,Song Haijun,et al.Foraminiferal evolution and formation of oolitic limestone near Permian-Triassic boundary at Yangou section,Jiangxi province[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(11):1473-1486.]
[63]Wignall P B,Twitchett R J.Unusual intraclastic limestones in Lower Triassic carbonates and their bearing on the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Sedimentology,1999,46(2):303-316.
[64]Woods A D,Bottjer D J,Mutti M,et al.Lower Triassic large seafloor carbonate cements:Their origin and a mechanism for the prolonged biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Geology,1999,27(7):645-648.
[65]赵小明,牛志军,童金南,等.早三叠世生物复苏期的特殊沉积:“错时相”沉积[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):314-323.[Zhao Xiaoming,Niu Zhijun,Tong Jinnan,et al.The distinctive sediments in the Early Triassic recovery time:“Anachronistic Facies”[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):314-323.]
[66]董海良,于炳松,吕国.地质微生物学中几项最新研究进展[J].地质评论,2009,55(4):552-580.[Dong Hailiang,Yu Bingsong,LüGuo.Recent developments in geomicrobiology[J].Geological Review,2009,55(4):552-580.]
[67]Konhauser K O,Schultze-Lam S,Ferris F G,et al.Mineral precipitation by epilithic biofilms in the Speed River,Ontario,Canada[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1994,60(2):549-553.
[68]Tazaki K.Biomineralization of layer silicates and hydrated Fe/Mn oxides in microbial mats:an electron microscopical study[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,1997,45(2):203-212.
[69]Barker W W,Banfield J F.Zones of chemical and physical interaction at interfaces between microbial communities and minerals:a model[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,1998,15(3):223-244.
[2]Schultze-Lam S,Fortin D,Davis B S,et al.Mineralization of bacterial surfaces[J].Chemical Geology,1996,132(1/2/3/4):171-181.
[3]Douglas S,Beveridge T J.Mineral formation by bacteria in natural microbial communities[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1998,26(2):79-88.
[4]Castanier S,Métayer-Levrel G L,Perthuisot J P.Ca-carbonates precipitation and limestone genesis-the microbiogeologist point of view[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,126(1/2/3/4):9-23.
[5]Bosak T,Newman D K.Microbial nucleation of calcium carbonate in the Precambrian[J].Geology,2003,31(7):577-580.
[6]Dupraz C,Visscher P T.Microbial lithification in marine stromatolites and hypersaline mats[J].Trends in Microbiology,2005,13(9):429-438.
[7]Visscher P T,Stolz J F.Microbial mats as bioreactors:populations,processes,and products[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2005,219(1/2):87-100.
[8]Perri E,Tucker M.Bacterial fossils and microbial dolomite in Triassic stromatolites[J].Geology,2007,35(3):207-210.
[9]王小林,胡文瑄,陈琪,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区上震旦统藻白云岩特征及其成因机理[J].地质学报,2010,84(10):1479-1494.[Wang Xiaolin,Hu Wenxuan,Chen Qi,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanism of Upper Sinian algal dolomite at the Kalpin area,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(10):1479-1494.]
[10]胡文瑄,朱井泉,王小林,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区寒武系微生物白云岩特征、成因及意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):860-869.[Hu Wenxuan,Zhu Jingquan,Wang Xiaolin,et al.Characteristics,origin and geological implications of the Cambrian microbial dolomite in Keping area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):860-869.]
[11]由雪莲,孙枢,朱井泉.塔里木盆地中上寒武统叠层石白云岩中微生物矿化组构特征及其成因意义[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2014,44(8):1777-1790.[You Xuelian,Sun Shu,Zhu Jingquan.Significance of fossilized microbes from the Cambrian stromatolites in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2014,44(8):1777-1790.]
[12]雷川,李红,杨锐,等.新疆乌鲁木齐地区中二叠统芦草沟组湖相微生物成因白云石特征[J].古地理学报,2012,14(6):767-775.[Lei Chuan,Li Hong,Yang Rui,et al.Lacustrine microbial dolomite of the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in Urumqi,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2012,14(6):767-775.]
[13]李红,柳益群,李文厚,等.新疆乌鲁木齐二叠系湖相微生物白云岩成因[J].地质通报,2013,32(4):661-670.[Li Hong,Liu Yiqun,Li Wenhou,et al.The microbial precipitation of lacustrine dolomite from Permian Formation,Urumchi,Xinjiang,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2013,32(4):661-670.]
[14]韩作振,陈吉涛,迟乃杰,等.微生物碳酸盐岩研究:回顾与展望[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(4):29-38.[Han Zuozhen,Chen Jitao,Chi Naijie,et al.Microbial carbonates:Areview and perspectives[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2009,29(4):29-38.]
[15]杨慧宁,毛颖颜,潘兵,等.陕南寒武纪早期仙女洞组生物礁灰岩微相序列[J].微体古生物学报,2016,33(1):75-86.[Yang Huining,Mao Yingyan,Pan Bing,et al.Microfacies sequences of the Early Cambrian(series 2)Xiannüdong Formation reefs in southern Shanxi province,NW China[J].Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,2016,33(1):75-86.]
[16]Vasconcelos C,Mc Kenzie J A.Microbial mediation of modern dolomite precipitation and diagenesis under anoxic conditions(Lagoa Vermelha,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(3):378-390.
[17]Wright D T.The role of sulphate-reducing bacteria and cyanobacteria in dolomite formation in distal ephemeral lakes of the Coorong region,South Australia[J].Sedimentary Geology,1999,126(1/2/3/4):147-157.
[18]于炳松,董海良,蒋宏忱,等.青海湖底沉积物中球状白云石集合体的发现及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2007,21(1):66-70.[Yu Bingsong,Dong Hailiang,Jiang Hongchen,et al.Discovery of spheric dolomite aggregations in sediments from the bottom of Qinghai Lake and its significance for dolomite problem[J].Geoscience,2007,21(1):66-70.]
[19]Deng S C,Dong H L,Lv G,et al.Microbial dolomite precipitation using sulfate reducing and halophilic bacteria:Results from Qinghai Lake,Tibetan Plateau,NW China[J].Chemical Geology,2010,278(3/4):151-159.
[20]Compton J S.Degree of supersaturation and precipitation of organogenic dolomite[J].Geology,1988,16(4):318-321.
[21]Vasconcelos C,Mckenzie J A,Bernasconi S,et al.Microbial mediation as a possible mechanism for natural dolomite formation at low temperatures[J].Nature,1995,377(6546):220-222.
[22]Boetius A,Ravenschlag K,Schubert C J,et al.A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane[J].Nature,2000,407(6804):623-626.
[23]Warthmann R,Van Lith Y,Vasconcelos C,et al.Bacterially induced dolomite precipitation in anoxic culture experiments[J].Geology,2000,28(12):1091-1094.
[24]van Lith Y,Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,et al.Microbial fossilization in carbonate sediments:a result of the bacterial surface involvement in dolomite precipitation[J].Sedimentology,2003,50(2):237-245.
[25]van Lith Y,Warthmann R,Vasconcelos C,et al.Sulphate-reducing bacteria induce low-temperature Ca-dolomite and high Mg-calcite formation[J].Geobiology,2003,1(1):71-79.
[26]Roberts J A,Bennett P C,González L A,et al.Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater[J].Geology,2004,32(4):277-280.
[27]Wright D T,Wacey D.Precipitation of dolomite using sulphate-reducing bacteria from the Coorong region,South Australia:significance and implications[J].Sedimentology,2005,52(5):987-1008.
[28]Sánchez-Román M,Vasconcelos C,Schmid T,et al.Aerobic microbial dolomite at the nanometer scale:Implications for the geologic record[J].Geology,2008,36(11):879-882.
[29]Sánchez-Román M,Mckenzie J A,De Luca Rebello Wagener A,et al.Experimentally determined biomediated Sr partition coefficient for dolomite:significance and implication for natural dolomite[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2011,75(3):887-904.
[30]Kenward P A,Goldstein R H,González L A,et al.Precipitation of low-temperature dolomite from an anaerobic microbial consortium:the role of methanogenic Archaea[J].Geobiology,2009,7(5):556-565.
[31]Krause S,Liebetrau V,Gorb S,et al.Microbial nucleation of Mgrich dolomite in Exopolymeric substances under anoxic modern seawater salinity:new insight into an old enigma[J].Geology,2012,40(7):587-590.
[32]谭先锋,李洁,何金平,等.开江-梁平海槽区带南段飞仙关组层序-岩相古地理特征[J].中国地质,2012,39(3):612-622.[Tan Xianfeng,Li Jie,He Jinping,et al.Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of Feixianguan Formation in southern sector of Kaijiang-Liangping ocean trough[J].Geology in China,2012,39(3):612-622.
[33]倪新锋,陈洪德,田景春,等.川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组沉积格局及成藏控制意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(4):458-465.[Ni Xinfeng,Chen Hongde,Tian Jingchun,et al.Sedimentary framework of Changxing-Feixianguan Formations and its control on reservoiring in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(4):458-465.]
[34]钟怡江,陈洪德,林良彪,等.川东北地区长兴期-飞仙关期沉积体系分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(5):522-530.[Zhong Yijiang,Chen Hongde,Lin Liangbiao,et al.Depositional system of Changxing-Feixianguan period in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(5):522-530.]
[35]刘建强,罗冰,谭秀成,等.川东北地区飞仙关组台缘带鲕滩分布规律[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2012,37(4):805-814.[Liu Jianqiang,Luo Bing,Tan Xiucheng,et al.Distribution of marginal-platform Oolitic shoal in Feixianguan Formation,northeast Sichuan,China[J].Earth Science-Journal of China U-niversity of Geosciences,2012,37(4):805-814.]
[36]李小燕,王琪,韩元红,等.川东北地区长兴组-飞仙关组礁滩相沉积体系优质储层形成过程及储集空间演化主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(10):1594-1602.[Li Xiaoyan,Wang Qi,Han Yuanhong,et al.Main control factors and analysis of reservoir space evolution of reef-beach facies in Changxing-Feixianguan Formation of northeastern Sichuan area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(10):1594-1602.]
[37]王永标,童金南,王家生,等.华南二叠纪末大绝灭后的钙质微生物岩及古环境意义[J].科学通报,2005,50(6):552-558.[Wang Yongbiao,Tong Jinnan,Wang Jiasheng,el al.Calcimicrobialite after end Permian mass extinction in South China and its paleo-environmental significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(6):552-558.]
[38]周志澄,罗辉,Willems H,等.四川江油渔洞子下三叠统飞仙关组巨鲕灰岩中疑似蓝细菌及早三叠世疑似蓝细菌的双幕式爆发[J].古生物学报,2017,56(1):82-93.[Zhou Zhicheng,Luo Hui,Wiliems H,et al.Doubtful cyanobacteria in the giant oolitic limestone of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation from the Yudongzi section of Jiangyou,Sichuan and two episodes of Early Triassic cyan obacterial explosions[J].Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,2017,56(1):82-93.]
[39]王兴志,张帆,马青,等.四川盆地东部晚二叠世-早三叠世飞仙关期礁、滩特征与海平面变化[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):249-254.[Wang Xingzhi,Zhang Fan,Ma Qing,et al.The characteristics of reef and bank and the fluctuation of sea-level in Feixianguan period of Late Permian-Early Triassic,East Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):249-254.]
[40]魏国齐,陈更生,杨威,等.川北下三叠统飞仙关组“槽台”沉积体系及演化[J].沉积学报,2004,22(2):254-260.[Wei Guoqi,Chen Gengsheng,Yang Wei,et al.Sedimentary system of platformal trough of Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic in northern Sichuan Basin and its evolution[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2004,22(2):254-260.]
[41]马永生,牟传龙,谭钦银,等.关于开江-梁平海槽的认识[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(3):326-331.[Ma Yongsheng,Mou Chuanlong,Tan Qinyin,et al.A discussion on Kaijiang-Liangping ocean trough[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,27(3):326-331.]
[42]赫云兰,付孝悦,刘波,等.川东北飞仙关组鲕滩沉积与成岩对储集层的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(4):434-443.[He Yunlan,Fu Xiaoyue,Liu Bo,et al.Control of oolitic beaches sedimentation and diagenesis on reservoirs in Feixianguan Formation,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(4):434-443.]
[43]邢凤存,陆永潮,郭彤楼,等.碳酸盐岩台地边缘沉积结构差异及其油气勘探意义:以川东北早三叠世飞仙关期台地边缘带为例[J].岩石学报,2017,33(4):1305-1316.[Xing Fengchun,Lu Yongchao,Guo Tonglou,et al.Sedimentary texture diversity of different carbonate platform margins and it its significance for petroleum exploration:A case study of carbonate platform margins in Feixianguan period of the Early Triassic,NE Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2017,33(4):1305-1316.]
[44]Raup D M.Size of the permo-Triassic bottleneck and its evolutionary implications[J].Science,1979,206(4415):217-218.
[45]Erwin D H.The Permo-Triassic extinction[J].Nature,1994,367(6460):231-236.
[46]Jin Y G,Wang Y,Wang W,et al.Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China[J].Science,2000,289(5478):432-436.
[47]Hallam A.Why was there a delayed radiation after the end-Palaeozoic extinctions?[J].Historical Biology,1991,5(2/3/4):257-262.
[48]童金南.华南古生代末大绝灭后的生态系复苏[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,1997,22(4):373-376.[Tong Jinnan.The ecosystem recovery after the End-Paleozoic mass extinction in South China[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,1997,22(4):373-376.]
[49]赵小明,童金南,姚华舟,等.华南早三叠世错时相沉积及其对复苏期生态系的启示[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2008,38(12):1564-1574.[Zhao Xiaoming,Tong Jinnan,Yao Huazhou,et al.Anachronistic facies in the Lower Triassic of South China and their implications to the ecosystems during the recovery time[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2008,38(12):1564-1574.]
[50]温志峰,钟建华,李勇,等.叠层石成因和形成条件的研究综述[J].高校地质学报,2004,10(3):418-428.[Wen Zhifeng,Zhong Jianhua,Li Yong,et al.Current study on genesis and formation conditions of stromatolites[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2004,10(3):418-428.]
[51]Riding R.Microbial carbonates:the geological record of calcified bacterial-algal mats and biofilms[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(S1):179-214.
[52]Burne R V,Moore L S.Microbialites:organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities[J].Palaios,1987,2(3):241-254.
[53]Bontognali T R R,Vasconcelos C,Warthmann R J,et al.Microbes produce nanobacteria-like structures,avoiding cell entombment[J].Geology,2008,36(8):663-666.
[54]陈兴,薛春纪.西天山乌拉根大规模铅锌成矿中H2S成因:菌生结构和硫同位素组成约束[J].岩石学报,2016,32(5):1301-1314.[Chen Xing,Xue Chunji.Origin of H2S in Uragen large-scale Zn-Pb mineralization,western Tien Shan:bacteriogenic structure and S-isotopic constraints[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2016,32(5):1301-1314.]
[55]Jones B.The preferential association of dolomite with microbes in stalactites from Cayman Brac,British West Indies[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,226(1/2/3/4):94-109.
[56]黄丹.四川盆地西部上二叠统长兴组-下三叠统飞仙关组层序地层学研究[D].荆州:长江大学,2012.[Huang D.Research on sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Permian series Changxing Formation and the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in western Sichuan Basin[D].Jingzhou:Yangtze University,2012.]
[57]Baresel B,Bucher H,Bagherpour B,et al.Timing of global regression and microbial bloom linked with the Permian-Triassic boundary mass extinction:implications for driving mechanisms[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:43630.
[58]Li F,Yan J X,Algeo T,et al.Paleoceanographic conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction recorded by giant ooids(Moyang,South China)[J].Global and Planetary Change,2011,105:102-120.
[59]Lehrmann D J,Minzoni M,Li X W,et al.Lower Triassic oolites of the Nanpanjiang Basin,South China:Facies architecture,giant ooids,and diagenesis-implications for hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(8):1389-1414.
[60]Woods A D.Microbial ooids and cortoids from the Lower Triassic(Spathian)Virgin Limestone,Nevada,USA:Evidence for an Early Triassic microbial bloom in shallow depositional environments[J].Global and Planetary Change,2013,105:91-101.
[61]Tian L,Tong J N,Sun D Y,et al.The microfacies and sedimentary responses to the mass extinction during the Permian-Triassic transition at Yangou Section,Jiangxi Province,South China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2014,57(9):2195-2207.
[62]田力,童金南,宋海军,等.江西乐平沿沟二叠纪末有孔虫的演变及对鲕状灰岩的古环境指示意义[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2014,39(11):1473-1486.[Tian Li,Tong Jinnan,Song Haijun,et al.Foraminiferal evolution and formation of oolitic limestone near Permian-Triassic boundary at Yangou section,Jiangxi province[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2014,39(11):1473-1486.]
[63]Wignall P B,Twitchett R J.Unusual intraclastic limestones in Lower Triassic carbonates and their bearing on the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Sedimentology,1999,46(2):303-316.
[64]Woods A D,Bottjer D J,Mutti M,et al.Lower Triassic large seafloor carbonate cements:Their origin and a mechanism for the prolonged biotic recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction[J].Geology,1999,27(7):645-648.
[65]赵小明,牛志军,童金南,等.早三叠世生物复苏期的特殊沉积:“错时相”沉积[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):314-323.[Zhao Xiaoming,Niu Zhijun,Tong Jinnan,et al.The distinctive sediments in the Early Triassic recovery time:“Anachronistic Facies”[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):314-323.]
[66]董海良,于炳松,吕国.地质微生物学中几项最新研究进展[J].地质评论,2009,55(4):552-580.[Dong Hailiang,Yu Bingsong,LüGuo.Recent developments in geomicrobiology[J].Geological Review,2009,55(4):552-580.]
[67]Konhauser K O,Schultze-Lam S,Ferris F G,et al.Mineral precipitation by epilithic biofilms in the Speed River,Ontario,Canada[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1994,60(2):549-553.
[68]Tazaki K.Biomineralization of layer silicates and hydrated Fe/Mn oxides in microbial mats:an electron microscopical study[J].Clays and Clay Minerals,1997,45(2):203-212.
[69]Barker W W,Banfield J F.Zones of chemical and physical interaction at interfaces between microbial communities and minerals:a model[J].Geomicrobiology Journal,1998,15(3):223-244.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |