基于不同锅炉类型及钙法脱硫工艺的燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)排放特征影响研究
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摘要
采用自设固定源PM_(2.5)稀释采集系统,对陕西省关中地区3个不同类型锅炉及钙法脱硫工艺的燃煤电厂PM_(2.5)开展了现场实测与样品化学源组分分析。结果表明,脱硫工艺对PM_(2.5)中爱根核模态的质量浓度影响不很显著,而对积聚模态的质量浓度影响较为显著(WFGD大于DSCD);燃煤特性及锅炉类型对PM_(2.5)数浓度影响较大,特别是在小粒径范围(0. 08μm 无机元素是Si、Al、Ca、Na、Fe、Na等地壳元素。各电厂PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、颗粒物的排放因子分别为0. 001～0. 028 kg/t、0. 002～0. 086 kg/t、0. 003～0. 236 kg/t;除尘设施组合越复杂,排放因子可能越小。
The given paper intends to conduct a field experiment and chemical composition analysis of PM_(2.5) from the 3 coal-burning power plants in different boiler types and calcium desulfurization processes in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi. It has done a research with the dilution and collection system of PM_(2.5) in the stationary sources designed by our own research team. The investigation and experiment results demonstrate that the desulfurization process has no significant effect on the mass concentration of Aitken mode in the PM_(2.5). Nevertheless,it has a significant effect on the mass concentration of the accumulation mode. On the other hand,the coal-burning features and the boiler types are poten-tially having great effect on the size intensity of PM_(2.5),especially,in the small particle size range( 0. 08 μm < D_p< 0. 64 μm( D50%)). Hence,the boiler types may also have their own effects on the proportion of the mass/size intensity of the particle range of PM_(2.5),as compared with the circulating fluidized bed.For,the mass/thickness concentration of the particles in the pulverized coal burning boilers in particle size range tends to account for the predominantly larger proportion whereas the desulfurization process has its own effect on the proportion of the mass/size thickness in the different thickness ranges of PM_(2.5).And,so,as compared with DSCD,the mass/thickness concentration of the particles in WFGD in small particle size should account for a larger proportion. In addition,since the PM_(2.5) produced from the pulverized coal burning boiler is spherical in shape with their circulating fluidized bed boiler being irregular,SO_4~(2-) should be the most abundant ions of PM_(2.5) in such power plants,and,the ratio of SO_4~(2-) to the total ion concentration rates may range from 50. 02% to 65. 52%,with Na~+and Ca~(2+)being located at the second or third circle. If so,the main inorganic elements in the power plants should be Si,Al,Ca,Na,Fe,Na and the rest crustal elements. In such a situation,the emission factors of PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and the rest particles should be constituting 0. 001-0. 028 kg/t,0. 002-0. 086 kg/t,0. 003-0. 236 kg/t in all the respective power plants. Thus,the more complex the combination of the dust removal facilities,the less the emission factors are likely to be.
The given paper intends to conduct a field experiment and chemical composition analysis of PM_(2.5) from the 3 coal-burning power plants in different boiler types and calcium desulfurization processes in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi. It has done a research with the dilution and collection system of PM_(2.5) in the stationary sources designed by our own research team. The investigation and experiment results demonstrate that the desulfurization process has no significant effect on the mass concentration of Aitken mode in the PM_(2.5). Nevertheless,it has a significant effect on the mass concentration of the accumulation mode. On the other hand,the coal-burning features and the boiler types are poten-tially having great effect on the size intensity of PM_(2.5),especially,in the small particle size range( 0. 08 μm < D_p< 0. 64 μm( D50%)). Hence,the boiler types may also have their own effects on the proportion of the mass/size intensity of the particle range of PM_(2.5),as compared with the circulating fluidized bed.For,the mass/thickness concentration of the particles in the pulverized coal burning boilers in particle size range tends to account for the predominantly larger proportion whereas the desulfurization process has its own effect on the proportion of the mass/size thickness in the different thickness ranges of PM_(2.5).And,so,as compared with DSCD,the mass/thickness concentration of the particles in WFGD in small particle size should account for a larger proportion. In addition,since the PM_(2.5) produced from the pulverized coal burning boiler is spherical in shape with their circulating fluidized bed boiler being irregular,SO_4~(2-) should be the most abundant ions of PM_(2.5) in such power plants,and,the ratio of SO_4~(2-) to the total ion concentration rates may range from 50. 02% to 65. 52%,with Na~+and Ca~(2+)being located at the second or third circle. If so,the main inorganic elements in the power plants should be Si,Al,Ca,Na,Fe,Na and the rest crustal elements. In such a situation,the emission factors of PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and the rest particles should be constituting 0. 001-0. 028 kg/t,0. 002-0. 086 kg/t,0. 003-0. 236 kg/t in all the respective power plants. Thus,the more complex the combination of the dust removal facilities,the less the emission factors are likely to be.
引文
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[14] LI Song(李松)，LANG Jianlei(郎建垒)，CHENG Shuiyuan(程水源)，et al. Analysis of the profiles’characteristic features of the particulate matters in regard to the stationary coal combustion sources[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报)，2016,16(5):312-319.
[15] YANG Jianjun(杨建军)，LU Lidong(卢立栋)，MA Qixiang(马启翔)，et al. Subsection removal efficiency of particulate matter emitted from coal-fired boilers in power plants and cause analysis[J]. Environmental Protection Science(环境保护科学)，2014,40(6):60-63.
[16] HAO Jiming(郝吉明)，DUAN Lei(段雷)，YI Honghong(易红宏)，et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of inhalable particulate matter from combustion sources(燃烧源可吸入颗粒物的物理化学特征)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[17] BAO Jingjing(鲍静静)，LIU Hang(刘杭)，PAN Jing(潘京)，et al. Emission characteristics of PM2. 5from flue gas desulfurated by limestone-gypsum method[J].Thermal Power Genetation(热力发电)，2014,43(10):1-7.
[18] WOLF M F,HIDY G M. Aerosols and climate:anthropogenic emissions and trends for 50 years[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D10):11113-11121.
[19] SAROFIM A F,PADIA A S,HOWARD J B. The physical transformation of the mineral matter in pulverized coal under simulated combustion conditions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology,1977,16:187-204.
[20] HELBLE J J. Trace element behavior during coal combustion:result of a laboratory study[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2000,65/66:263-288.
[2] YU Dunxi(于敦喜)，XU Minghou(徐明厚)，YI Fan(易帆)，et al. A review on particle formation mechanisms during coal combustion[J]. Coal Conversion(煤炭转化)，2004,27(4):7-12.
[3] XU Chang(徐昶)，SHEN Jiandong(沈建东)，HE Xi(何曦)，et al. Chemical composition,formation mechanism and optical properties of atmospheric fine particles during the World Car Free Day in Hangzhou[J]. China Environmental Science(中国环境科学)，2013,33(3):392-401.
[4] MCNALLEN M J,YUREK G J,ELLIOT J F. The formation of inorganic particulates by homogeneous nucleation in gases produced by the combustion of coal[J]. Combustion and Flame,1981,42(2):45-60.
[5] HILDEMANN L M,MARKOWSKI G R,CASS G R.Chemical composition of emissions from urban sources of fine organic aerosol[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1991,25:744-759.
[6] HUANG Desheng(黄德生)，ZHANG Shiqiu(张世秋)．Health benefit evaluation for PM2. 5pollution control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China[J]. China Environmental Science(中国环境科学)，2013,33(1):166-174.
[7] SHAO Longyi(邵龙义)，YANG Shushen(杨书申)，SHI Zongbo(时宗波)，et al. Physical and chemical characteristics and biological activities of inhalable particulate matter in urban atmosphere(城市大气可吸入颗粒物物理化学特征及生物活性研究)[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2008:1-10.
[8] NEMMAR A,HOET P H M,VANQUICKENBORNE B,et al. Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans[J]. Circulation, 2002, 105(4):411-414.
[9] YIN Lianqing(尹连庆)，ZHAO Haoning(赵浩宁)，YIN Chunxiao(殷春肖)，et al. Emission and control of PM2. 5in flue gas for different types of coal-fired boilers[J].Thermal Power Generation(热力发电)，2014,43(7):110-114.
[10] WANG Sheng(王圣)，ZHU Fahua(朱法华)，WANG Huimin(王慧敏)，et al. Fine particle emission characteristics from coal-fired power plants based on field tests[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报)，2011,31(3):630-635.
[11] ZHAO Li(赵丽)，ZHANG Dan(张丹)，ZHOU Zhi’en(周志恩)，et al. A study on emission characteristics of particulate matters from typical industrial combustion sources in Chongqing City[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology(环境工程技术学报)，2015,5(6):447-454.
[12] ZHOU Nan(周楠)，ZENG Limin(曾立民)，YU Xuena(于雪娜)，et al. The design and field test of a dilution tunnel for stationary sources[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报)，2006,26(5):764-772.
[13] FARIBORZ G,HAMED S,JULITO R. Concentrations and distribution of elements in milled-coal,power plant ashes and stack-emitted materials in a Western Canadian coal-fired power plant[J]. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry,2006,25:47.
[14] LI Song(李松)，LANG Jianlei(郎建垒)，CHENG Shuiyuan(程水源)，et al. Analysis of the profiles’characteristic features of the particulate matters in regard to the stationary coal combustion sources[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报)，2016,16(5):312-319.
[15] YANG Jianjun(杨建军)，LU Lidong(卢立栋)，MA Qixiang(马启翔)，et al. Subsection removal efficiency of particulate matter emitted from coal-fired boilers in power plants and cause analysis[J]. Environmental Protection Science(环境保护科学)，2014,40(6):60-63.
[16] HAO Jiming(郝吉明)，DUAN Lei(段雷)，YI Honghong(易红宏)，et al. Physical and chemical characteristics of inhalable particulate matter from combustion sources(燃烧源可吸入颗粒物的物理化学特征)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.
[17] BAO Jingjing(鲍静静)，LIU Hang(刘杭)，PAN Jing(潘京)，et al. Emission characteristics of PM2. 5from flue gas desulfurated by limestone-gypsum method[J].Thermal Power Genetation(热力发电)，2014,43(10):1-7.
[18] WOLF M F,HIDY G M. Aerosols and climate:anthropogenic emissions and trends for 50 years[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D10):11113-11121.
[19] SAROFIM A F,PADIA A S,HOWARD J B. The physical transformation of the mineral matter in pulverized coal under simulated combustion conditions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology,1977,16:187-204.
[20] HELBLE J J. Trace element behavior during coal combustion:result of a laboratory study[J]. Fuel Processing Technology,2000,65/66:263-288.
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