养分专家系统在双季稻中的应用和评价
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摘要
为合理评估养分专家(NE)系统在双季稻区的化肥减施效果,本研究于2014～2016年在江西省进贤县开展了3年6季的田间试验,并分析了NE系统与农民习惯(FP)处理、当地农技部门的测土配方推荐施肥(ST)处理下水稻产量、氮磷钾养分吸收量、化肥施用量和肥料偏生产力变化。结果表明:1)NE处理可以显著提高早、晚稻的籽粒产量和养分吸收量(除了2014年)。2015和2016年,NE处理的早、晚稻产量分别比FP处理增加了15.17%～32.74%和14.33%～19.25%;早、晚稻氮素吸收量分别比FP处理增加了25.16%～33.21%和22.09%～26.82%,磷素吸收量增加了27.45%～29.57%和27.02%～38.60%,钾素吸收量增加了16.59%～22.34%和14.24%～16.21%。2)与FP处理相比,3年间NE处理的早、晚稻季氮肥用量分别降低了24.86%～29.15%和28.15%～34.43%,磷肥的降幅分别为15.97%～37.05%和31.72%～44.75%,钾肥的降幅分别为60.35%～66.22%和72.29%～74.02%。3)与FP处理相比,3年间NE处理的早、晚稻氮肥偏生产力分别提高了53.26%～83.41%和48.77%～81.86%,磷肥偏生产力分别增加了57.97%～76.31%和66.24%～115.83%,钾肥偏生产力分别增加了113.25%～156.13%和160.88%～206.00%。因此,NE系统可以在双季稻实现化肥减施增效的目标。
In order to reasonably evaluate the effect of Nutrient Expert(NE)on double-cropping rice in China,a series of field experiments were conducted in Jinxian county,Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2016.There treatments were NE,farmer habits(FP)and soil testing from the local agricultural technical department(ST).Rice yield,nutrient uptake, fertilizer amounts and partial factor productivity(PFP)were analyzed.The results showed that:1)NE treatment significantly increased grain yield and nutrients uptake of early and late rice(except for 2014).In 2015 and 2016,the yield of NE treatment was increased by 15.17% ～ 32.74% and 14.33% ～ 19.25% than FP treatment in early and late rice,respectively.Compared with FP,the nitrogen uptake of NE treatment was increased by 25.16% ～ 33.21% and22.09% ～ 26.82% in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphorus uptake were increased by 27.45% ～ 29.57% and27.02% ～ 38.60%,potassium uptake were increased by 16.59% ～ 22.34% and 14.24% ～ 16.21%.2)Compared with FP treatment,the nitrogen fertilizer of NE were decreased by 24.86% ～ 29.15% and 28.15% ～ 34.43% in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphate fertilizer were decreased by 15.97% ～ 37.05% and 31.72% ～ 44.75%.The potassium fertilizer was decreased by 60.35% ～ 66.22% and 72.29% ～ 74.02%,respectively.3)Compared with FP treatment,the PFP of nitrogen fertilizer in NE treatment was increased by 53.26% ～ 83.41% and 48.77% ～ 81.86%,respectively. The PFP of phosphorus fertilizer were increased by 57.97% ～ 76.31% and 66.24% ～ 115.83% respectively.The PFP of potassium productivity were increased by 113.25% ～ 156.13% and 160.88% ～ 206.00%,respectively.Therefore,NE could achieve the goal of chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism in double cropping rice.
In order to reasonably evaluate the effect of Nutrient Expert(NE)on double-cropping rice in China,a series of field experiments were conducted in Jinxian county,Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2016.There treatments were NE,farmer habits(FP)and soil testing from the local agricultural technical department(ST).Rice yield,nutrient uptake, fertilizer amounts and partial factor productivity(PFP)were analyzed.The results showed that:1)NE treatment significantly increased grain yield and nutrients uptake of early and late rice(except for 2014).In 2015 and 2016,the yield of NE treatment was increased by 15.17% ～ 32.74% and 14.33% ～ 19.25% than FP treatment in early and late rice,respectively.Compared with FP,the nitrogen uptake of NE treatment was increased by 25.16% ～ 33.21% and22.09% ～ 26.82% in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphorus uptake were increased by 27.45% ～ 29.57% and27.02% ～ 38.60%,potassium uptake were increased by 16.59% ～ 22.34% and 14.24% ～ 16.21%.2)Compared with FP treatment,the nitrogen fertilizer of NE were decreased by 24.86% ～ 29.15% and 28.15% ～ 34.43% in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphate fertilizer were decreased by 15.97% ～ 37.05% and 31.72% ～ 44.75%.The potassium fertilizer was decreased by 60.35% ～ 66.22% and 72.29% ～ 74.02%,respectively.3)Compared with FP treatment,the PFP of nitrogen fertilizer in NE treatment was increased by 53.26% ～ 83.41% and 48.77% ～ 81.86%,respectively. The PFP of phosphorus fertilizer were increased by 57.97% ～ 76.31% and 66.24% ～ 115.83% respectively.The PFP of potassium productivity were increased by 113.25% ～ 156.13% and 160.88% ～ 206.00%,respectively.Therefore,NE could achieve the goal of chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism in double cropping rice.
引文
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[18]王宜伦,苏瑞光,刘举,等.养分专家系统推荐施肥对潮土夏玉米产量及肥料效率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):563-569.
[19]王宜伦,白由路,王磊,等.基于养分专家系统的小麦-玉米推荐施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(22):4483-4492.
[20]徐新朋,魏丹,李玉影,等.基于产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法在东北春玉米上应用的可行性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1458-1467.
[21]徐新朋.基于产量反应和农学效率的水稻和玉米推荐施肥方法研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[22]Chuan L,He P,Pampolino M F,et al.Establishing a scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations for wheat in China:yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research,2013,140:1-8.
[23]Xu X,He P,Pampolino M F,et al.Fertilizer recommendation for maize in China based on yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research,2014,157:27-34.
[24]Xu X,He P,Qiu S,et al.Estimating a new approach of fertilizer recommendation across small-holder farms in China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,163:10-17.
[25]Yang F,Xu X,Ma J,et al.Experimental validation of a new approach for rice fertiliser recommendations across smallholder farms in China[J].Soil Research,2017,55(6):579-589.
[26]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[27]张仕祥,李辉信,胡锋,等.早稻磷肥残效对当年晚稻产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):611-616.
[28]侯红乾,冀建华,刘光荣,等.南方红壤区稻-稻连作体系下氮肥减施模式研究[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(5):555-562.
[29]李继福,鲁剑巍,任涛,等.稻田不同供钾能力条件下秸秆还田替代钾肥效果[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(2):292-302.
[30]李继福,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻秸秆钾与化肥钾释放与分布特征模拟研究[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1017-1022.
[31]石广跃,方书亮,王兴龙.苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗促早发技术[J].中国稻米,2016,22(3):85-86.
[2]段居琦,周广胜.中国双季稻种植区的气候适宜性研究[J].中国农业科学,2011,45(2):218-227.
[3]肖丽萍,何秀文,刘木华,等.我国南方双季稻区水稻生产机械化发展现状分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):682-686.
[4]邹应斌.长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):254-262.
[5]吴建富,潘晓华,石庆华,等.江西双季水稻施肥中存在的问题及对策[J].中国稻米,2012,18(5):33-35.
[6]任万军.杂交稻高产高效施氮研究进展与展望[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1505-1513.
[7]闫湘,金继运,梁鸣早.我国主要粮食作物化肥增产效应与肥料利用效率[J].土壤,2017,49(6):1067-1077.
[8]李书田,刘晓永,何萍.当前我国农业生产中的养分需求分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1416-1432.
[9]刘钦普.中国化肥施用强度及环境安全阈值时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):214-221.
[10]陈琦.农户水稻施肥现状调查与分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013
[11]曾希柏,李菊梅.中国不同地区化肥施用及其对粮食生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(3):387-392..
[12]刘钦普.江苏氮磷钾化肥使用地域分异及环境风险评价[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1477-1483.
[13]赵海东,赵小敏,谢林波,等.江西上饶市水稻肥料利用率的空间差异及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):22-31.
[14]赵亮,张贺翠,廉小平,等.喀斯特地形区水稻测土配方施肥指标体系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):1056-1065.
[15]张德军.利用“3414”试验设计进行水稻测土配方施肥研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(6):52-56.
[16]Xu X,Xie J,Hou Y,et al.Estimating nutrient uptake requirements for rice in China[J].Field Crops Research,2015,180:37-45.
[17]Cui Z L,Zhang H Y,Chen X P,et al.Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers[J].Nature,2018,555(7696):363-367.
[18]王宜伦,苏瑞光,刘举,等.养分专家系统推荐施肥对潮土夏玉米产量及肥料效率的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(3):563-569.
[19]王宜伦,白由路,王磊,等.基于养分专家系统的小麦-玉米推荐施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(22):4483-4492.
[20]徐新朋,魏丹,李玉影,等.基于产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法在东北春玉米上应用的可行性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1458-1467.
[21]徐新朋.基于产量反应和农学效率的水稻和玉米推荐施肥方法研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[22]Chuan L,He P,Pampolino M F,et al.Establishing a scientific basis for fertilizer recommendations for wheat in China:yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research,2013,140:1-8.
[23]Xu X,He P,Pampolino M F,et al.Fertilizer recommendation for maize in China based on yield response and agronomic efficiency[J].Field Crops Research,2014,157:27-34.
[24]Xu X,He P,Qiu S,et al.Estimating a new approach of fertilizer recommendation across small-holder farms in China[J].Field Crops Research,2014,163:10-17.
[25]Yang F,Xu X,Ma J,et al.Experimental validation of a new approach for rice fertiliser recommendations across smallholder farms in China[J].Soil Research,2017,55(6):579-589.
[26]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[27]张仕祥,李辉信,胡锋,等.早稻磷肥残效对当年晚稻产量的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):611-616.
[28]侯红乾,冀建华,刘光荣,等.南方红壤区稻-稻连作体系下氮肥减施模式研究[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(5):555-562.
[29]李继福,鲁剑巍,任涛,等.稻田不同供钾能力条件下秸秆还田替代钾肥效果[J].中国农业科学,2013,47(2):292-302.
[30]李继福,任涛,鲁剑巍,等.水稻秸秆钾与化肥钾释放与分布特征模拟研究[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1017-1022.
[31]石广跃,方书亮,王兴龙.苏北地区稻麦秸秆持续全量还田下机插秧苗促早发技术[J].中国稻米,2016,22(3):85-86.