不同氮肥运筹下低桩机收再生稻的产量和经济效益
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摘要
机收再生稻是一种省工节本的水稻高效栽培模式。为探索华南地区低桩机收再生稻高产高效施肥方式,以黄华占和深优9516为材料,设置再生稻促芽肥、促苗肥、穗肥3个施肥因素,每个因素设不施氮和施氮60 kg/hm22个水平,研究了不同氮肥运筹对再生稻产量及其构成、稻米品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明,不同处理间再生稻产量差异显著。黄华占和深优9516再生稻产量分别为3.68～5.43 t/hm2和2.38～3.97 t/hm2,均以T8处理(促芽肥、促苗肥、穗肥都施用)的产量最高,其次是T4处理(只施用促苗肥和穗肥),而以T5处理(单施促芽肥)最低,T8处理与T4处理产量差异不显著;再生稻产量与单位面积有效穗数、库容量和总生物量呈显著正相关,促苗肥和穗肥均能显著提高这3个产量相关参数,而促芽肥的作用较小;与常规晚稻生产相比,再生稻生产可节本8 916～10 268元/hm2、增收1 583～5 046元/hm2。在头季稻施用穗粒肥的情况下,华南地区低桩机收再生稻不必施促芽肥,而只要在头季稻收后施用促苗肥和穗肥即可。
Machine-harvested ratoon rice is a kind of high efficiency rice cultivation mode. In order to explore the high yield and high efficiency fertilization of machine-harvested ratoon rice in south China, a fertilizer trial was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer operations on yield and its composition of ratoon rice, using Huanghuazhan(HHZ)and Shenyou 9516(SY9516)as materials. The results showed that, there were significant differences in grain yield between different treatments. The yield of HHZ and SY9516 was 3.68～5.43 t/hm2 and 2.38～3.97 t/hm2, respectively. T8 treatment(bud fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer)has the highest yield, the second is T4 treatment(tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer), T5 treatment(bud fertilizer)was the lowest, there was no significant difference between T8 treatment and T4 treatment. The yield of ratoon rice was positively correlated with the number of effective panicles per hectare, sink size and total biomass, these three parameters were significantly improved by applying tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, but the effect of bud fertilizer was little. The production cost of machine-harvested low stubble ratoon rice could save 8 916～10 268 yuan/hm2 and increase the income by 1 583 ～ 5 046 yuan/hm2, compared with normal late rice production.When panicle fertilizer was applied in the first season, the machine-harvested ratoon rice in South China does not need to apply bud fertilizer, just apply fertilizer and panicle fertilizer after the harvest of the first season rice.
Machine-harvested ratoon rice is a kind of high efficiency rice cultivation mode. In order to explore the high yield and high efficiency fertilization of machine-harvested ratoon rice in south China, a fertilizer trial was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer operations on yield and its composition of ratoon rice, using Huanghuazhan(HHZ)and Shenyou 9516(SY9516)as materials. The results showed that, there were significant differences in grain yield between different treatments. The yield of HHZ and SY9516 was 3.68～5.43 t/hm2 and 2.38～3.97 t/hm2, respectively. T8 treatment(bud fertilizer, tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer)has the highest yield, the second is T4 treatment(tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer), T5 treatment(bud fertilizer)was the lowest, there was no significant difference between T8 treatment and T4 treatment. The yield of ratoon rice was positively correlated with the number of effective panicles per hectare, sink size and total biomass, these three parameters were significantly improved by applying tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer, but the effect of bud fertilizer was little. The production cost of machine-harvested low stubble ratoon rice could save 8 916～10 268 yuan/hm2 and increase the income by 1 583 ～ 5 046 yuan/hm2, compared with normal late rice production.When panicle fertilizer was applied in the first season, the machine-harvested ratoon rice in South China does not need to apply bud fertilizer, just apply fertilizer and panicle fertilizer after the harvest of the first season rice.
引文
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[15]袁继超,孙晓辉,田彦华,等.再生稻需氮特性和分次施氮的研究[J].作物学报,1996,22(3):345-352.
[16]徐富贤,熊洪,张林,等.再生稻产量形成特点与关键调控技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(9):1 702-1 717.
[17]林文雄,陈鸿飞,张志兴,等.再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):392-401.
[18]刘松.不同氮肥运筹对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[19]何水清,朱德峰,张玉屏.再生稻生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[20]杨秋生,孙小成,朱志华,等.湘南中稻—再生稻全程机械化高产栽培模式及技术[J].作物研究,2017,31(4):446-447.
[21]王中原,郑明川,张善品.江汉平原再生稻生产的现实意义和关键技术[J].基层农技推广,2016,4(4):92-94.
[22]徐富贤.川渝杂交中稻—再生稻高产高效技术集成与推广项目成效显著[J].植物医生,2016(6):47-49.
[23]刘勇涛.低桩再生稻促芽肥施用方法及低桩机割对再生季产量的影响[J].福建稻麦科技,2013,31(2):7-10.
[24]俞道标,张燕,赵雅静,等.低桩机割再生稻氮肥施用技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):210-214.
[25]徐富贤,熊洪,朱永川,等.利用杂交中稻齐穗期剑叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)预测再生稻促芽肥高效施用量[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):51-56.
[26]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波.水稻“三控”施肥技术的生物学基础[J].广东农业科学,2007(5):19-22.
[27]习敏,吴文革,汪靖桂,等.再生稻种植产量差形成的研究[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):104-110.
[28]黄新杰.再生稻根芽萌发对母体营养与激素的响应[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[29]李阳.不同品种中稻蓄留再生稻产量形成的差异与再生芽化学调控初探[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[30]马晓春.中稻蓄留再生稻品种筛选与头季收获方式对再生季产量的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[31]刘怀珍,黄庆,陆秀明,等.一季中晚稻—再生稻高产栽培技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(20):1-3.
[32]张耗,谈桂露,薛亚光,等.江苏省粳稻品种近60年演进过程中产量与形态生理特征的变化[J].作物学报,2010,36(1):133-140.
[2]朱永川,熊洪,徐富贤,等.再生稻栽培技术的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):1-8.
[3]胡志华,李大明,徐小林,等.再生稻轻简化种植技术研究进展[J].中国稻米,2017,23(3):13-17.
[4]后栋林,尹芳.再生稻的生长发育特性[J].云南农业,1995(5):12.
[5]郑景生,沈如色,李小萍,等.再生稻头季机割高度对再生季形态发育和产量的影响[J].福建农业学报,2016,31(8):791-796.
[6] DUSTINL H, JASONA B, STERLING B. Evaluation of main-crop stubble height on ratoon rice growth and development[J]. Field Crop Res, 2009, 114(3):396-403.
[7]洪瑛杰,林建,施火结,等.南方地区再生稻机收研究现状与发展趋势[J].福建农机,2017(1):7-9.
[8]钱太平,梅少华,张键,等.再生稻不同留桩高度和收割方式的产量及其构成因素分析[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(1):14-17.
[9]俞道标,赵雅静,黄顽春,等.低桩机割再生稻生育特性和氮肥施用技术研究[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(5):485-490.
[10]黄水明.机收低桩再生稻栽培技术研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010.
[11]易镇邪,周文新,屠乃美.留桩高度对再生稻源库性状与物质运转的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(5):509-516.
[12]广东省佛山地区农科所.再生稻试验初报[J].福建农业科技,1976(3):26-32.
[13]广东省佛山地区农科所.水稻再生栽培[J].中国农业科学,1976,9(2):46-51.
[14]施大生.尤溪县低桩再生稻发展初探[J].福建农机,2014(1):8-9.
[15]袁继超,孙晓辉,田彦华,等.再生稻需氮特性和分次施氮的研究[J].作物学报,1996,22(3):345-352.
[16]徐富贤,熊洪,张林,等.再生稻产量形成特点与关键调控技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(9):1 702-1 717.
[17]林文雄,陈鸿飞,张志兴,等.再生稻产量形成的生理生态特性与关键栽培技术的研究与展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):392-401.
[18]刘松.不同氮肥运筹对再生稻产量和稻米品质的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[19]何水清,朱德峰,张玉屏.再生稻生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016.
[20]杨秋生,孙小成,朱志华,等.湘南中稻—再生稻全程机械化高产栽培模式及技术[J].作物研究,2017,31(4):446-447.
[21]王中原,郑明川,张善品.江汉平原再生稻生产的现实意义和关键技术[J].基层农技推广,2016,4(4):92-94.
[22]徐富贤.川渝杂交中稻—再生稻高产高效技术集成与推广项目成效显著[J].植物医生,2016(6):47-49.
[23]刘勇涛.低桩再生稻促芽肥施用方法及低桩机割对再生季产量的影响[J].福建稻麦科技,2013,31(2):7-10.
[24]俞道标,张燕,赵雅静,等.低桩机割再生稻氮肥施用技术研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(36):210-214.
[25]徐富贤,熊洪,朱永川,等.利用杂交中稻齐穗期剑叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)预测再生稻促芽肥高效施用量[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):51-56.
[26]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波.水稻“三控”施肥技术的生物学基础[J].广东农业科学,2007(5):19-22.
[27]习敏,吴文革,汪靖桂,等.再生稻种植产量差形成的研究[J].华北农学报,2017,32(1):104-110.
[28]黄新杰.再生稻根芽萌发对母体营养与激素的响应[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[29]李阳.不同品种中稻蓄留再生稻产量形成的差异与再生芽化学调控初探[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[30]马晓春.中稻蓄留再生稻品种筛选与头季收获方式对再生季产量的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[31]刘怀珍,黄庆,陆秀明,等.一季中晚稻—再生稻高产栽培技术研究[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(20):1-3.
[32]张耗,谈桂露,薛亚光,等.江苏省粳稻品种近60年演进过程中产量与形态生理特征的变化[J].作物学报,2010,36(1):133-140.